science 9 unit 4: electricity reading logs – …...science 9 unit 4: electricity reading logs –...

Science9Unit4:ElectricityReadingLogs–SCIENCEinACTION

Topic# TopicTitle ScienceinActionPage Due Complete

✔ orX1.1 StaticElectricity

271-278

1.2 CurrentElectricity 279-283

1.3 ElectricalSafety 284-287

1.4 CellsandBatteries 288-294

2.1 Controllingtheflowofelectricalcurrent 296-303

2.2 Modelingandmeasuringelectricity 304-310

2.3 Analyzingandbuildingelectricalcircuits 311-316

3.1 Energyformsandtransformations 318-323

3.2Energytransformationsinvolvingelectricalandmechanicalenergy

324-331

3.3 Measuringenergyinputandoutput 332-338

3.4 Reducingtheenergywastedbydevices 339-342

4.1 Electricalenergysourcesandalternatives 344-350

4.2 Electricityandtheenvironment 351-353

4.3 Electricaltechnologyandsociety 354-358

Review

360-365

21.0 –Electricalenergycanbetransferredandstored.

1.1 –StaticElectricityDrawanatomincludingProtons,NeutronsandElectronsandclearlyindicateparticlecharges.Whenthenumberofprotonsandelectronsareequal,themoleculeis_______________.Oppositecharges______________________Likecharges__________________________DefinethefollowingusingwordsANDpictures

StaticCharge

ChargeSeparation

ElectricalDischarge

VandeGraaffGenerator

31.2–CurrentElectricity

Staticchargesdonotworkverywellforoperatingelectricaldevices.Electricalcurrentisproducedwhenchargesmoveinacontinuousflow.Anelectricalcurrentflows____________________________________until__________________________.Therateatwhichcurrentflowsismeasuredin__________________called__________forshortandshownby(A).Thesearenamedafter_______________________________.Themeasureoftheamountofelectricalenergycarriedbyeachparticleisknownas__________________________.Thisisalsoknownasthe“potentialdifference”.Theunitformeasuringelectricalenergycarriedbyeachparticleisknownasthe_____________andshownby(V).

Whenanobjectbuildsupmoreofonetypeofchargedparticleitissaidtohavea___________________________________________.“Static”meansnotmoving.Inthiscasetheelectronsarebuildingupandnotflowing.

Ifchargedparticlesflowratherthanbuildupitiscalledan___________________________________.Thishasatleast2requirements:1.2.

4

1.3–ElectricalSafetyAnypersoncomingincontactwithapowerlinemaycreateanunintendedpathfortheelectricity.Suchapathiscalleda________________________because________________________________________________________.WhenitcomestoelectricalsafetyshouldyoubemoreconcernedaboutVoltsorAmps?Explainyouranswer:

Writethedefinitionofaninsulatorandgive4differentexamples:List5ElectricalSafetyPointers:-----Explainhowafuseandcircuitbreakerbothworktokeepyousafe.Explainhowafuseisdifferentthanacircuitbreaker(includepictures)!

51.3:ConnectyourUnderstanding

A. Apowerlinecarryinghighamountsofcurrentfallsonacar,butthepeopleinsidearenotelectrocuted.Explain.

B. Areallelectricshockstothebodydangerous?Explain.

C. Tallbuildingsoftenhaveasteel-lighteningrodthatisconnectedtothegroundwithawire.Lighteningtendstostriketheserodsduringstorms.Whyaretheserodsaddedandhowdotheywork?

D. Younoticeafriendremovingthethirdprongofaplugsothattheplugwillfitintoanextensioncordthathasonlytwoholds.Istheremovalofthisthirdprongsafe?Explainwhyorwhynot?

E. Drawasymbolyoumightseerepresentinganelectricalhazard.

61.4:CellsandBatteriesTheelectricity-producingcellsthatweuseeverydayinflashlightsandportableradiosare____________________.Thechemicalsinsideareapaste.Thechemicalreactionreleasesfreeelectrons.LabelthepartsoftheDryCellbelow:WetCells–Drawasimplewetcellinthespacebelow.Besuretolabelyourelectrodesaspositiveornegativeandindicatechargedirection.

A.B.C.D.E.F.

Awetcellusesaliquidelectrolytethatisusuallyan____________.Wetcellsaregenerallycheaperandeasiertomakethandrycellsbutwedon’tusethemascommonlytodaybecause:_______________________.Acommonexampleofawetcellwedouseeverydayis:________________________________

7WriteadefinitionandgiveanEXAMPLEofthefollowing:PrimaryCell:SecondaryCell:Electrolysis:Electroplating:Whatisthedifferencebetweenabatteryandacell?UsepicturesANDwordstodemonstrateyourunderstanding.Whomadethefirstpracticalbattery?_________________________________ComprehensionQuestions:

1. Acardesignerhasproposedanewcarbattery.Sheisplanningtotestthefollowingdifferentelectrodecombinations:

a. bothzincb. zincandcopperc. bothcopperd. zincandcarbone. bothcarbon

Willallthesecombinationswork?Explainwhyorwhynot?

2. Computercircuitscanbedamagedbystaticdischarges.Topreventthis,techniciansusuallywearananti-staticstrapthatisconnectedtothemetalcaseofthecomputer.Explainhowwearingsuchastrapprotectscomputercircuits.

82.0–Technologiescanbeusedtotransferandcontrolelectricalenergy.2.1–ControllingtheflowofelectricalcurrentIntheboxesbelowuse+symbolstorepresentnucleiand–symbolstorepresentelectronsanddemonstratehowtheybehaveininsulators,conductorsandconductorswithvoltageapplied.

Insulator Conductor–novoltage Conductor–voltageappliedDefinesuperconductors,giveanexampleandthenameofthescientistwhodiscoveredthem:

Completethefollowingtable Definition Measuredin: Symbol

Resistance

Ohms

Voltage

V

Current

Amperes

Howisapolygraphanapplicationofresistance?

Whatisthedifferencebetweenaswitchandarheostat(avariableresistor)?

9

2.2-ModelingandmeasuringelectricityUsingtheanalogyofflowingwaterclearlydescribevoltage,resistanceandcurrentusingwordsANDpictures.RewriteOhm’sLawtomeasureeachofthefollowing:Voltage Current Resistance2.3-AnalyzingandbuildingelectricalcircuitsListthe4partsofacircuit Drawathesepartsinasimplecircuit1.2.3.4.Drawanddescribeaseriescircuit. Drawanddescribeaparallelcircuit

103.0–Devicesandsystemsconvertenergywithvaryingefficiencies3.1EnergyFormsandTransformationsUsewordsANDpicturestodefinethefollowingterms

Completethechart.Writethedescriptioninyourownwords!

EnergyForm Description Example

Explainhowenergycanbetransformedandgivetwoexamplesofdevicesthatcanbeused.

3.2EnergyTransformationsInvolvingElectricalandMechanicalEnergyWhatisOersted’sLaw?

Energy Thermocouple

11Foreachofthedevicesshownbelowrecordwhoiscreditedwiththeirdiscovery,howtheyworkandhowtheycontributedtodevicesweusetoday.

Howdothefollowingcontributetoelectricmotors?

Definethefollowingtermsinyourownwordsanddrawadiagramifithelpsyoutounderstand.

Commutator

Armature

Electromagnet

AlternatingCurrentDirectCurrent

Transformer

12

13

143.3MeasuringEnergyInputandOutput

Thefasteradeviceconvertsenergy,the_________________itspowerrating.

Giveatypicalpowerratingforeachofthefollowingsmallappliances(hint,youmightneedtolookituponline):Electricalstove________ Calculator_____________ CurlingIron__________WhatisaKilowattHour(inyourownwords)?

ExplainhowtheLawofConservationofEnergyandEfficiencyofelectricaldevicesarerelated.

Formula

POWER

Energy Consumption

Formula

15Efficiencyistheratiooftheusefulenergyoutputtothetotalenergyinputinadevice.3.2and3.3ReviewYouprobablywanttocarefullyshowformulaandstepsforsolvingsothiscouldhelpyouinyourElectricityfinalJ

1. Howmuchenergyisusedifyouleavea60Wlightbulbonfor10minutes?

2. Howmuchenergyisusedifyouleavea100Wlightbulbonfor10minutes?

3. Electricalcompaniesmeasuretheamountofenergyusedinkilowatthours(kWh)insteadofW/s.Howmuchenergydoesafridgeandstoveusein1dayinkWh(usethetableabovefortherequiredvalues)?

4. Whatisthepowerratingofatoasterthatrequires10Aofcurrent,whenpluggedintoa120Velectricaloutlet?

5. Ahairdryerhasapowerratingof1000W.Thehairdryerispluggedintoa120Voutlet.Howmuchcurrentflowsthroughthehairdryer?

16

3.4ReducingtheEnergyWastedbyDevicesExplainthenumberedcomponentsontheENERGUIDE

1.2.3.4.

Explainwhyanelectricmotorismoreenergyefficientthanacombustionengine.Giveatleast3reasons.

17

4.1–ElectricalenergysourcesandalternativesCompletethefollowingtable:

EnergySources Description Pros ConsFossilFuels

18Whatisthedifferencebetweenrenewableandnon-renewableenergysources?(themorespecificyouarethebetteritwillbeforyou)

4.2–ElectricityandtheenvironmentDefineby-productwithrespecttoelectricitygeneration:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________Whatharmfulby-productsresultfromelectricalgenerationandhowdotheyaffecttheenvironment?

Whatdoessustainabilitymean?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.3–Electricaltechnologyandsociety

ElectricalTechnologiesBenefits

1.2.3.

Disadvantages

1.2.3.