science and technology. scientific and technological advances science and technology have improved...

Science and technology

Scientific and technological

advances Science and technology have

improved the ways that people live.

These improvements are called advances.

The printing press

• Johanes gutenberg invented the printing press in 15th

century

The steam engine• James Watt

invented the steam engine to change the heat from steam into mechanical energy to do work, in 18th century.

The telegraph• Samuel Morse

was invented the telegraph, early 19th century, a new for of long-distance communication.

The movie projector• The Lumiére

Brothers were photographers. They invented, late 19th century, a new projector that showed moving images on a screen.

Antibiotics • Alexander

Fleming was a scientific who discoverd the first antibiotic: penicillin, early 20th century.

The mobile phone• Martin Cooper

invented a phone that he could carry around with him, without wires. Late 20th century.

Advances in everyday life

Scientific and technological advances makje many things

faster and easier.

At homeWater pipes bring us clean water, gas pipes bring us

natural gas.Power lines bring us

electricity.Heating and air conditioning systems keep our homes at a

comfortable temperature.

In transportModern cars and buses are fast

and comfortable.People can use a global

positioning system (GPS) when they are driving.

Planes and high-speed trains can travel long distances quickly.

In medicineDoctors can use modern devices,

like X-ray machines and MRI scanners.

When people donate their blood, organs and other tissues, doctors

can use them to help other people.

Genetic tests can tell us about diseases.

Advances in communications

The letters ICT mean Information and Communications

Technology.

Computers

Today we can use computers to

manipulate and share information very

quickly and easily.

A computer needs two differents elements:

• The physical components of a computer are called the hardware.

• The programs that make a computer work are called the software.

Computers need two types of hardware to

work:

• A central procesing unit (CPU).

• Various peripheral devices for input, storage and output.

The CPU contains electronic circuits

that let a computer process infomation.

Output devices let us see or

hear information

as text , images or

sound.

Storage devices let

us store information, like hard discs , CDs

…

Input devices

let us put a new

informationonto a

computer.

Peripheral equipment for

a computer

A hard disc is an internal

storage device. It lets

us save programs and other types of information.

External extorage

devices let us carry

our information

around with us.

A monitor is a screen where we can see images

and read text.

A mouse let us

move the cursor

and click on text or images.

A keyboard

lets us type in

texts and control the computer.

Speakers let us hear

sound and play

audio material.

A printer lets us print

copies of images and text

on papers.

A webcam is a digital

video camera that can be

connected to a computer.

We can use it to make

video calls.

A modem lets us

connect a computer

to the internet.

The Internet • Computers can work

independently or we can connect them to other computers on a network.• The Internet is a computer

network that lets people all over the world communicate with each other.

To use the Internet, you need:

A modem.A telephone line or wireless (WIFI) connection.

An Internet server.

Email The most popular service on the

internet is email. To send and receive emails, you need to open an account with an email server.

An email server lets you send and receive email messages from any

computer with access to the internet.

This is how an email works:

The sender is the person who sends the message.

The recipient is the person who receives the message.

The message (email) goes to the recipient´s inbox.Then the recipient can open, answer, save, forward or delete the message.

Chats In a chat, many people

can communicate instantly with each other. They use a keyboard to type instant messages and to answer other people messages.

Web

A website is a source of adapted and accessible information through an Internet browser . Web pages can be loaded from a computer , called Web Server . Web pages can consist of text files or can be read a number of files with code.

A blog is a website that collects chronological texts or articles from

one or more authors , the most recent appearing first . Typically, in each article , readers can write their comments and the author to answer them , so it is possible to establish a dialogue. The use or theme of each blog is particular about personal,

journalistic , technological , educational, etc.

Blog

Differences between a web and a blog:

Blogs are generally more informally presented to the visitors. The language used is often much simpler than on websites. 

In blogs, there is a thing called posts, as what you are reading now. Every post have its own static page but the main page of the blog is dedicated to theseries of latest posts in reverse-chronological  order.

Bloggers often prefer to show around 8-12 recent posts on their blogs main (home) page. Where as there is nothing such in a static website. Even if a website is about tutorials (like Lisa Arby's popular website, 2createawebsite.com). The website was launched years ago, when the blogging wasn't quite into the online world.

The major difference between the two types, blog and a static website is about the content refreshment. The major content of website remains the same. Though the webmaster could add additional pages to the website to increase the content, but the order by which the information is presented could not be later changed.

The endBy María Lucero

Márquez.