scientific insights and development in sustainable palm .... caliman... · scientific insights and...

Scientific Insights and development in

sustainable palm oil production

Jean-Pierre CalimanDirector of SMART Research Institute

Palm oil – an SDG commodity

Provides jobs for estimated 16 million people in Indonesia

Palm oil farmers earn at least 7 times more than subsistence farmers

US$17.8 bn of palm oil exports in 2016 from Indonesia

Is the most productive vegetable oil crop in the world

GAR: a leading integratedpalm oil company

A leading integrated palm oil

plantation company

Largest palm oil grower in

Indonesia

Manages 169 plantations

Provides over 170,000 jobs

Total revenue: over US$7.2

billion

Core net profit: US$186 million

2,510,000 metric tonnes of crude

palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel

(PK)

3

Palm oil smallholders performance compared to other vegetable oils

0

2

4

6

8

10

Oil P

alm

oil

GA

R:

cu

rrent o

wn

pla

ntati

on

s

GA

R:

cu

rrent

sm

allh

old

ers

GA

R:

futu

re

Rap

eseed o

il

Sun

flow

er o

il

Soybean

oil

Oil

pro

du

ctio

n (

t /h

a)

Vegetable oil productivityGAR average 2010-2016 (premium age)

Smallholders performance

Committed to sustainable palm oil

SMART Research Institute(SMARTRI)

SMART Research Institute

BREEDING

Department

AGRONOMY

Department

CROP PROTECTION

Department

SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH

Department

Prepare the performance and

characteristics of the future seeds

Propose the best cultivation

techniques

Protect our palms from pests &

diseases

. Evaluate the impact on the environment (GHG, pollution risk,biodiversity,…)

. Develop Assessment tools for new best practices

ISO 9001:2008

Registration Nbr. 2032890

ISO 17025

Global Approach-Road MAP

Agronomy Breeding Crop Protection

Short term - Fertiliser regime / soil & climate - Germplasm development Integrated Pest Management

0 - 2 years 800 ha of reference trials (14 origins, 494 accessions) Weed Control

Mineral and organic fertilisers - Breeding trial (800 ha)

- Fertiliser efficiency - Ortets selection (1,740-T; 40-D; 24-P)

Nutrient losses assessment - Clones selection (153 clones: 130 ha)

Tools for estate

Medium term - Modeling

0 - 5 years Nutrient cycles

Soil fertility

Palm physiology

Mineral nutrition & Ganoderma Mineral nutrition & Ganoderma

Soil Fertility & Ganoderma Soil Fertility & Ganoderma

Long term

0 - 10 years

High nutrient uptake and nutrient utilisation

High water uptake

High resistance to pest and disease

Low lipase activity (low FFA) + virescence trait

High unsaturated oil

Development of an ideotype for oil palm

High bunch number

High photosynthesis capacity and favorable carbon partitioning

High nutrient uptake & utilisation

High water uptake

High photosynthesis capacity

High light interception

Architecture for high light interception

Leaf eating Caterpillar resistance

Screening planting material

Ganoderma resistance

Screening planting material

Screening planting material

High yield

Our breeding programme

Antigonon leptopusTurnera subulata

Crop protection

Collaboration:

Cirad,

Uni. Besancon,

MHNP

Outliers are hidden

Extreme values are hidden

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

year

0,00

2,50

5,00

7,50

10,00

dam

ag

e

Biological control of Pests & Diseases: rat control

Source: Aude Verwilghen (cirad)

Moh. Naim (Smartri)

photo:

Aude Verwilghen Barn owls value = USD 2 to 4 /ha.ySmall carnivores value = USD 1.6 /ha.y

Ecosystem services:Crop protection

Pesticides used in plantations

Protection of our palms

Stop paraquat utilisation starting 2016

Active ingredient

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Herbicides 0.327 0.397 0.510 0.471 0.412 0.418 0.433

including Paraquat 0.083 0.100 0.133 0.115 0.093 0.082 0

Insecticides 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.017 0.012 0.035

Fungicides* 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.005 0.011 0.001 0.015

Acaricides <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Rodenticides 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.006 0.008

Total pesticides used 0.333 0.407 0.518 0.481 0.443 0.437 0.491

* : used only in nurseries

kg or liter/ha

Ecosystem services & productivityThe BEFTA project

www.oilpalmbiodiversity.com

Positive impact of flora understorey on parasitoids:Lower assassin bug abundance in reduced complexity

The BEFTA project

Lower spider (Nephila spp.) abundance and prey consumption in reduced complexity plots

Enhanced Standard Reduced

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Pre

y p

er

ho

ur

The BEFTA project

Enhanced Standard Reduced

50

100

150

20

02

50

30

0

Abu

nd

an

ce

Vegetation ground cover:Reducing nutrient losses

Weeds management N P K

Standard vegetationground cover

1.1 % 1.4 % 0.6 %

Bare soil 2.5 % 2.7 % 0.8 %

Importance of vegetation understorey on soil microclimateImpact of extreme El Nino/La Nina

Losses value = USD 2.7 to 3.0 /ha.y

1 . Risk due to climate change- High rains affect E. kameronicus population- Low EK population depress Oil volume

2 . Risk due to agricultural practices

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10

20

30

40

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70

Ela

eid

ob

ius

(E

K/s

pic

kle

t)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 Rain 3 Weeks before Observation (mm)

Lampung - Weevil population & Rainfall

19

20

21

22

23

24

OE

R (

%)

0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 EK Population (EK/ha)

OER semester 1

OER semester 2

S. Buaya - OER and Weevil population

The ecological services at risk

Micro-meteorological measurements:

Net Carbon Exchange measurement

Greenhouse gases:Carbon footprint

Results:

First estimate of Carbon fixation in oil palm agro-system= 38 tCO2/ha.y (11 tC/ha.y)

(Sept 2011-Dec 2016)

BRND-03.0.0.00.152.01

Soil

Humidity

Emission factor

(%)

Low 0.17 - 80 %

Medium 0.88

High 1.09 + 24 %

Test of urease inhibitor mixed to urea

Standard Urea Urease

inhibitor (Solvay)

Low 0.23 0.16 - 30 %

Medium 1.53 1.00 - 65 %

Nutrients losses:emission of N2O

Greenhouse gas:N2O emission

186 species foundon 864 sampling sites

Leading the oil palm research community

Thank You /Terima Kasih