section of geophysics has given great contribution in...

1

Section of Geophysics has given great contribution in development

of the geophysical scientific research in Albania:

Regional Geophysics (1967 until present)

(L. Lubonja, A. Frasheri, S. Bushati, Nishani P., Silo V.)

2

Gravity (1998) and Magnetic (1997-) Maps of Albania, at scale 1:200.000, Performed by Geophysical Center, Geological Survey of Albania. Scientific Leader: Academic, Professor, Dr. Salvatore Bushati.

GRAVITY MAP MAGNETIC MAP Bouguer Anomaly (T)

3

Geothermal studies (Since 1989 until present) Joint project: - Faculty of Geology and Mining - Insitute of Geophysics, Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic, Prague.

(Frasheri A., Cermac V., Lico R., Bushati S., et al.)

- Temperature Map of Albania at 100; 500; 1000; 2000; 3000 m depth. - Geothermal Gradient Map of Albania. - Heat Flow Density Map of Albania. - Geothermal Resources Map of Albania.

4

Paleomagnetic Studies

Joint Projects (1989-1997): - University of Leoben, Austria (Mauritch H.J.) - Laboratoir de Paleomagnetisme, Gif sur Yvette Paris, France (Kissel C., Lai C, Speranza F ) -University of Thesaloniki (Condopoulou D.) - Faculty of Geology & Mining, Tirana (Bushati S, Frashëri A. , Alikaj P.)

5

Mining Geophysics

(Lubonja L., Frashëri A., Avxhiu R., Alikaj P., Bushati S.)

1. Experimentation and application in Albania of new geophysical methods for

the exploration of copper and chrome ores:

• Induced Polarization (1962-), • Magnetic micro-survey (1967-), • IP and RD Real Section (1978-), • Depth Investigation Increasing of Mining Geophysics (1984-). • Physical and Mathematical Modeling, inversion(1973-)

2. Extension of the application field of the geophysical methods in the search for:

- chrome, - copper, - asbestos, - bauxite, - placer of heavy, rare and precious minerals, - Geotechnical and environmental engineering investigation, - Hydrogeological exploration, - Application of Self-potential method for direct exploration of oil and gas reservoirs

6

Geophysical Exploration of chromites Geophysical Exploration of copper

7

IP Real Section: New survey and interpretation geoelectrical method (1978-)

(Alikaj P.)

Historic case: Saint Nicolas, Property, Polymetallic Deposit, Mexico

8

Oil and Gas Exploration Integrated geological-geophysical Oil and Gas Exploration and deep wells design

(Nishani P., Lubonja L., Frashëri A.) (1964-), Silo V. (1973- ).

Well logging studies, overpressures studies (R. Liço) (1964-)

Ardenica-Kolonja

Seismic Line

(Nishani P., coauthor

of the well design)

(After ALBPETROL)

9

Marine Geoelectrical surveys in Albanian Adriatic Shelf (Frashëri A.) (1975-1991).

Durresi-Palla Cape Adriatic Shelf area

10

Direct Oil Exploration

(Frashëri A., Liço R.) (1975-1986).

Self Potential Field Map Self Potential Profile

Ballshi Oil and Gas Reservuar

11

Physical & Mathematical Modeling • Application of mathematical methods in data processing and interpretation of geophysical information (Gravity, Magnetic, Electric), with the aid of computers,

compilation of algorithms and programs for these purpose. (Since 1972) (Lubonja L., Frashëri A., Bushati S., Alikaj P., Beqiraj G., Frashëri N.)

Last studies:

- Dipole – dipole and pole-dipole survey configurations in the framework of the theorem of reciprocity.

- Some considerations on IP data inversion.

12

Engineering and Environmental Geophysics (Since 1982),( Frashëri A., Nishani P., Alikaj P., Silo V.)

- Seismic and geoelectric tomography for in-situ: - Dam’s investigation. - Slope stability and landslide investigation. - Environmental impact assessment. - Ground and rocks investigation in the dam area. - Karstic zones investigation. - Soil and rocks investigation in the construction area, highways, tunnels etc. - Evaluation of the quality of the concrete during the construction of the works, in the airports runways etc. - Landfill investigation

ULZA HYDROPOWER DAM SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY

13

VAU DEJES HYDROPOWER DAM (Raw Material)

GEOELECTRIC AND SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY

-30

-20

-10

0

-30

-20

-10

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

-20

-10

PRERJE REALE E REZISTENCES ELEKTRIKE SPECIFIKE TE DUKSHMEDHE E SHPEJTESIVE Vp dhe Vs E VALEVE TE DIFRAGUARA

HIDROCENTRALI I VAUT TE DEJESDIGA ME MATERIAL VENDI

Shpe

rnda

rja e

ρd

Shp

ern

da

rja e

VS

Sh

pern

darj

a e

VP

m

m

m

m

m

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

ρd(ohmm)

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800

Vs (m/s)400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Vp (m/s)

Tirane, 1998

Fig. 12-a

14

Landslide Investigation RAGAMI LANDSLIDE: VAU DEJES LAKESHORE GEOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING PROFILE

PORAVA LANDSLIDE: FIERZA LAKESHORE

SEISMIC ENGINEERING PROFILE

50

70

90

110

130

150

m170

ES.1

ES.2

ES.3

ES.4

ES.5

2.5m

1989

1996

L

P

0 20 40m

RRESHQITJA E RAGAMITLIQENI I VAUT TE DEJES

Gusht, 1996

Kufi sizmik

Kufi gjeoelektrik

Legjende

Reper topografik

Deluvion, pjesa e siperme e trupit rreshqites, rez. spec. 60-400 Ohmm,Vp=140-170 m/sek, Vs=160 m/sek

Serpentinite te alteruara te trupit rreshqites, rez. spec. 10-40 Ohmm, Vp=540-1900 m/sek, Vs=230-170 m/sek

Serpentinite te alteruara te trupit rreshqites, rez. spec. 60-150 Ohmm, Vp=2750 m/sek, Vs=600 m/sek

Serpentinite, shkembinj rrenjesore, rez. spec. 180-970 Ohmm, Vp=1750-3700 m/sek, Vs=970 m/sek

<500 500-800 800-1200 1200-1500 1500-2000 >3800

SHPEJTESIA E VALEVE P, ne m/s

0

100

200

300

400 m

PROFIL SIZMIKO-INXHNERIK

RRESHQITJA E PORAVES

Dhjetor, 1996

Horiz. 1:10000

Shkallet:

Vert. 1:5000

0 200 400 m

VS.5

VS.4

VS.3

VS.2

VS.1

V

S

J

Liqeni i Fierzes

15

Archaeological Geophysical Research

(Frashëri A., Avxhiu R.) (1975-)

MARGLLICI CASTEL, PATOS

16

Paleoclimate change (2002-until today)

(Frashëri A.)

14

14.5

15

15.5

16

16.5

17

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Time (Years)

Te

mp

era

ture

(o

C)

Shkoder Tirana

Poly. (Tirana) Poly. (Shkoder)

17

PUBLISHED MONOGRAPHS

1. Frashëri A., Kodhelaj N., 2010. Geothermal Energy Resources in Albania and a platform for their use”. ( In Albanian, extended chapter in English), Monograph. Published by Faculty of Geology and Mining, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Typography KLEAN, Tirana.

2. Frashëri A., Londo A., A.Shtjefni, Çela B., Kodhelaj N., Pano N., Alushaj R., Bushati S., Thodhorjani S., 2008. Space Heating and Cooling Geothermal System. ( In Albanian), Monograph Published by Faculty of Geology and Mining, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Typography KLEAN, Tirana.

3. A. Frashëri, Beqiraj G., Frashëri N. 2008. A review on application of geophysical methods for exploration of copper and chrome ores in Albania. (In English), Publ. Academy of Sciences, Tirana.

4. A. Frashëri, V. Çermak, Rushan Liço, Nazif Kapedani, Fiqiri Bakalli, Burhan Çanga, Enkeleida Jareci, Edlir Vokopola, Hilmi Halimi, Esat Malasi, Jan Safanda, Milan Kresl, Lenka Kucerova, Peter Stulc, 2004. " Atlas of Geothermal Energy Resources in Albania”, ( In Albanian, , extended chapter in English), Monograph, Published by Faculty of Geology and Mining, Polytechnic University of Tirana, and Academy of Sciences of Albania.

5. Frashëri A. 2000. Geothermal energy in Europe, State of the Art and necessary actions and measures to accelerate the development.- Albania. IGA & EGEO Questionaire 2000.

6. A. Frashëri, V. Çermak, Rushan Liço, Nazif Kapedani, Fiqiri Bakalli, Burhan Çanga, Enkeleida Jareci, Edlir Vokopola, Hilmi Halimi, Esat Malasi, Jan Safanda, Milan Kresl, Lenka Kucerova, Peter Stulc, 1995. Geothermal resources in Europe, (Albania). European Commission, Hanover 2002.

• 7. E. Pumo, A. Frashëri, A. Tashko. 1993 "Geophysical and Geochemical Problems for copper and chromites exploration. (In Albanian), Monograph. University Publishing House, Tirana, 1993.

18

8. Frashëri A. etj. 1992. Geothermal Atlas of Europe, (Albania). ( in English), Germany, International Heat Flow Commission, 1992.

• 9. N. Konomi, A. Frashëri, M. Muco, L. Kapllani, S. Bushati, L. Dhrame 1985. "Karst and geophysical methods for investigation. (In Albania). University Publishing House, Tirana, 1985.

10. A. Frashëri, 1976, 1989. "Physical properties of chrome iron ores and ultrabasic rocks in the Albanides. Published: “Selected studies” Faculty of Geology and Mining, Tirana 1976, and Leobeuer Heffi Zur Geophysik. No. 2. 65-90.

Thank you very much for your attentionThank you very much for your attentionThank you very much for your attentionThank you very much for your attention!!!!