self-assessment anatomy and physiology of the …...page 2 4) there are _____ times more rod...

Self-Assessment

AnatomyandPhysiologyoftheRetina©TheUniversityofIowa,2018

1)Namethestructureslabeledintheimagebelow.

A___________________________________________

B___________________________________________

C___________________________________________

D___________________________________________

E___________________________________________

F___________________________________________

G___________________________________________

2)The_____________________________providesabout__________%oftheconvergingpowerneededtofocusimagesonthebackoftheeye.Theremaining___________%ofthefocusingpowercomesfromthe__________________________,whichactuallybecomesthickerwhenapersonlooksanearobjectsduetocontractionofthe____________________________.

3)Namethestructureslabeledintheimageonthefollowingpage.

A___________________________________________ F___________________________________________

B___________________________________________ G___________________________________________

C___________________________________________ H___________________________________________

D___________________________________________ I___________________________________________

E___________________________________________ J___________________________________________

Page 2

4)Thereare__________timesmorerodphotoreceptorsthanconesinthehumanretina,and______________________________________aretheleastnumerousofall.

5)Thelowestratioofphotoreceptorstoganglioncellsoccursinthefovea–approximately____________toone--whichenablestheveryhighacuityvisionassociatedwiththisregion.Intheperiphery,asingleganglioncellcanreceiveinputfrommorethan_________________photoreceptors.

6)Placethefollowingsixanatomicalzonesinorderofdecreasingdiameterandwritethelargestdiameterinmmofeachzonebesideitsname:Fovea,Parafovea,Perifovea,Foveola,Umbo,FovealAvascularZone.

A___________________________________________ D___________________________________________

B___________________________________________ E___________________________________________

C___________________________________________ F___________________________________________

Page 37)Completethefollowingtableindicatingtheneurotransmitterandtypeofoutput(gradedoractionpotential)foreachtypeofneuron.

CellType Neurotransmitter Output

GanglionCell _____________________________________________________________

BipolarCell _____________________________________________________________

Photoreceptor _____________________________________________________________

8)Rhodopsinbelongstoafamilyofreceptorsknownas________________________________

______________________________________________.Thefirsttwowordsofthisreceptorfamily’s

namerefertowhatproteininrhodopsin’scase?_____________________________________

Theresidueofrhodopsinthatcovalentlybinds11-cisretinalis

_________________________________________________.

9)Inthenormalretina,ABCA4flips__________________________________________________

tothecytoplasmicleafletofthediskmembrane.InStargardtdisease,the

impairmentofABCA4functioncauses_________________________________________________

toaccumulateontheinnerleafletofthedisk.Thismaterialalsoaccumulates

withinandbeneaththeretinalpigmentepitheliumintheformofthe

ophthalmoscopicallyvisible___________________________________________________thatare

characteristicofStargardtdisease.

Page 4

10)Theprocessdepictedinthetwoimagesaboveisknownas

___________________________________________andtakesplaceonatimescaleof

___________________________________________.

Namealltheletteredmoleculesinthesetwoimages.

A___________________________________________ F___________________________________________

B___________________________________________ G___________________________________________

C___________________________________________ H___________________________________________

D___________________________________________ I___________________________________________

E___________________________________________ J___________________________________________

K___________________________________________ O___________________________________________

L___________________________________________ P___________________________________________

M___________________________________________ Q___________________________________________

N___________________________________________

Page 5

11)Theprocessdepictedinthetwoimagesaboveisknownas

___________________________________________andtakesplaceonatimescaleof

___________________________________________.

Namealltheletteredmoleculesinthesetwoimages.

A___________________________________________ G___________________________________________

B___________________________________________ H___________________________________________

C___________________________________________ I___________________________________________

D___________________________________________ J___________________________________________

E___________________________________________ K___________________________________________

F___________________________________________