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SELF-EVALUATIONREPORTVetNorth Japan
TheCooperativeVeterinaryEducationProgramme betweenHokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicineandObihiro UniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine
2019
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INTER-FACULTY SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY & OBIHIRO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University Kita-ku Kita 18 Nishi 9
Sapporo 060-0818, Japan TEL: 011-706-5190
Website: http://www.vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp/en/
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Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Nishi 2-11
Obihiro 080-8555, Japan TEL: 0155-49-5111
Website: http://www.obihiro.ac.jp/english/index.html
Office for Accreditation of Veterinary Education TEL: 0155-49 5211
Website: ………………………………
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LocationofVetNorth Japan
n Google Map
• Hokkaido Universityhttps://www.google.co.jp/maps/@43.0797048,141.3359474,3259m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ja
• Obihiro Univeristy of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicinehttps://www.google.co.jp/maps/@42.8893239,143.1935388,2041a,35y,221.7h,44.42t/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ja
SapporoObihiro
Hokkaido
Honshu
Shikoku
Kyushu
Tokyo
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INTER-FACULTY SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY & OBIHIRO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University Kita-ku Kita 18 Nishi 9
Sapporo 060-0818, Japan TEL: 011-706-5190
Website: http://www.vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp/en/
●
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Nishi 2-11
Obihiro 080-8555, Japan TEL: 0155-49-5111
Website: http://www.obihiro.ac.jp/english/index.html
Office for Accreditation of Veterinary Education TEL: 0155-49 5211
Website: ………………………………
Sapporo
Obihiro
Approx. 200 km distance
Hokkaido University (HU)
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (OU)
1.5 hr flight
1.5 hr flight
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Contactaddress(LiaisonOfficer):n KeikoKawamoto,D.V.M.,Ph.D.(RepresentativeLiaisonOfficerofVetNorth Japan)
Professor
SectionofAppliedVeterinarySciences,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,SchoolofCooperativeVeterinaryMedicine(VetNorth Japan)
2-11,Inada,Obihiro 080-8555,Hokkaido,Japan
E-mail:kkeiko@obihiro.ac.jp
Phone/Fax:+81-155-49-5890
n HiroakiKariwa,D.V.M.,M.S.,Ph.D.(LocalLiaisonOfficerofHokkaidoUniversity)
Professor
LaboratoryofPublicHealth,DepartmentofPreventiveVeterinaryMedicine,DivisionofVeterinaryMedicine,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicine,HokkaidoUniversity (VetNorth Japan)
Kita-18,Nishi-9,Kita-Ku,Sapporo060-0818,Hokkaido,Japan
E-mail:kariwa@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp
Phone/Fax:+81-11-706-5211
ThisistheSelf-evaluationreport(SER)ofVetNorth JapanforFullVisitationbytheEuropeanAssociationofEstablishmentsforVeterinaryEducation(EAEVE).TheSERwaswritteninEnglishinagreementwithESEVT(UppsalaSOPMay2016).
TheSERconsistsofthereportitselfandanappendixwiththemostrelevantinformation.Theappendixisseparatelybound.
Otherdocumentsofinterestfortheexpertswillbeavailableattheconsultativesitevisit.Iftheexpertsneedfurtherinformation,pleasefeelfreetocontacttheRepresentativeLiaisonOfficer.
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Abbreviations AAALAC AssociationforAssessmentandAccreditationofLaboratoryAnimalCareInternationalABSL AnimalFacilityBiosafetyLevelACVP AmericanCollegeofVeterinaryPathologistsACVR AmericanCollegeofVeterinaryRadiologyAMED JapanAgencyforMedicalResearchandDevelopmentAY AcademicYearAiCVIM AsianCollegeofVeterinaryInternalMedicineBSC BiosafetyCabinetBSE BovineSpongiformEncephalopathyBSL BiosafetyLevelCALL Computer-AssistedLanguageLearningCBT Computer-BasedTestingCOE CenterofExcellenceCT ComputedTomographyCUEA UniversityEducationAffairsCenter(OU)CUFM CenterforNationalUniversityFinanceandManagementDVM/OU DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,ObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine EAEVE EuropeanAssociationofEstablishmentsforVeterinaryEducationECG ElectrocardiogramECTS EuropeanCreditTransferSystemEPT ExternalPracticalTrainingESEVT EuropeanSystemofEvaluationofVeterinaryTrainingESG StandardsandGuidelinesforQualityAssuranceintheEuropeanHigherEducationArea EU EuropeanUnionFCASA FieldCenterofAnimalScienceandAgricultureFD FacultyDevelopmentFSSC FoodSafetySystemCertificationFTE Full-TimeEquivalentFY FiscalYearGPA GradePointAverageHACCP HazardAnalysisandCriticalControlPointHEI HigherEducationInstitutesHINES HokkaidoUniversityInformationNetworkSystemHPAI HighlyPathogenicAvianInfluenzaHU HokkaidoUniversityIACUC InstitutionalAnimalCareandUseCommitteeICT InformationandCommunicationsTechnologyICU IntensiveCareUnitIEC InternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionILAR InstituteforLaboratoryAnimalResearchIPC InformationProcessingCenter(ObihiroUniversity)ISO InternationalOrganisationforStandardizationIT InformationTechnologyJAEVE JapaneseAssociationofEstablishmentsforVeterinaryEducationJCLAM JapaneseAssociationforLaboratoryAnimalMedicineJCVP JapaneseCollegeofVeterinaryPathologistsJCVS JapaneseCollegeofVeterinarySurgeonsJCZWM JapaneseCollegeofZooandWildlifeMedicineJICA JapanInternationalCooperationAgencyJRA JapanRacingAssociation
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JSPS JapanSocietyforthePromotionofScience JSVI JapaneseSocietyofVeterinaryImagingsJVMA JapanVeterinaryMedicalAssociationLAC LargeAnimalClinic(Obihiro)LINAC LinearAcceleratorMAFF MinistryofAgriculture,ForestryandFisheriesMEXT MinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,Science&TechnologyMHLW MinistryofHealth,Labour,andWelfareMRI MagneticResonanceImagingNCUEE NationalCenterofUniversityEntranceExaminationsNIAD-QE NationalInstitutionforAcademicDegreesandQualityEnhancementofHigherEducationNOSAI NationalAgriculturalInsuranceAssociationNUC NationalUniversityCooperationOIE WorldOrganisationforAnimalHealthOPAC OnlinePublicAccessCatalogueOSCE ObjectiveStructuredClinicalExaminationOSD OfficeforStudentswithDisabilitiesOU ObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicinePDCA Plan-Do-Check-Act QA QualityAssuranceSAC SmallAnimalClinic(Obihiro)SCJ ScienceCouncilofJapanSD StaffDevelopmentSER SelfEvaluationReportSEU StandardsforEstablishmentofUniversities SNS SocialNetworkingServiceSOP StandardOperatingProceduresSVM/HU HokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicineSWOT Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-ThreatsTOEFL TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage TOEIC TestofEnglishforInternationalCommunicationTR TutorialRoomUGSVS UnitedGraduateSchoolofVeterinaryScience,GifuUniversityVAC VeterinaryAffairsCouncilVCAT VeterinaryCommonAchievementTestVMC VeterinaryMedicalCenter(Obihiro)VMMCC VeterinaryMedicineModelCoreCurriculumVNJ VetNorthJapanVTH VeterinaryTeachingHospitalvetCBT VeterinaryComputer-BasedTestingvetESO VeterinaryEducationSupportOrganizationvetOSCE VeterinaryObjectiveStructuredClinicalEvaluation
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Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Standard 1: Objectives and Organisation .............................................................................................. 4
1.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Comments .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3. Suggestions for improvement ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Standard 2: Finances ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2. Comments ................................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 14
Standard 3: Curriculum .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................. 15 3.2. Comments .............................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 20
Standard 4: Facilities and equipment ................................................................................................... 25 4.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................. 25 4.2. Comments .............................................................................................................................................................. 31 4.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 31
Standard 5: Animal resources and teaching materials of animal origin ........................................... 32 5.1. Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................ 32 5.2. Comments .............................................................................................................................................................. 39 5.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 39
Standard 6: Learning resources ........................................................................................................... 40 6.1 Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................... 40 6.2. Comments .............................................................................................................................................................. 42 6.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 42
Standard 7: Student admission, progression and welfare ................................................................. 43 7.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................. 43 7.2. Comments .............................................................................................................................................................. 48 7.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 48
Standard 8: Student assessment .......................................................................................................... 49 8.1. Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................ 49 8.2. Comments .............................................................................................................................................................. 50 8.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 50
Standard 9: Academic and support staff ............................................................................................. 51 9.1. Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................ 51 9.2. Comments ................................................................................................................................................................ 55 9.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 55
Standard 10: Research programmes, continuing and postgraduate education .............................. 56 10.1. Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................ 56 10.2. Comments ............................................................................................................................................................ 60 10.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................. 60
Standard 11: Outcome Assessment and Quality Assurance ............................................................. 61 11.1. Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................ 61 11.2. Comments ............................................................................................................................................................... 64 11.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................. 64
12. List of ESEVT Indicators .................................................................................................................. 65 12.1. Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................ 65 12.2. Comments .............................................................................................................................................................. 65 12.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................. 65
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Introduction BriefhistoryoftheEstablishmentandofitspreviousESEVTVisitations(ifany)VetNorthJapan(VNJ)wasestablishedin2012withtheaimofprovidingworld-classveterinaryeducation.TheCooperativeVeterinaryEducationProgrammejoinsthefacultiesoftwonationaluniversities,HokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicine(SVM/HU)andtheFacultyofVeterinaryMedicineatObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine(DVM/OU). BothuniversitiesareinHokkaido,thelargestandnorthernmostprefectureinJapan.BothareapprovedasnationaluniversitiesofJapanesehighereducationunderthejurisdictionoftheMinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology(MEXT). BriefhistoryofSVM/HUandDVM/OUbeforetheVNJestablishmentOriginallyfoundedasSapporoAgriculturalCollegein1876,HokkaidoUniversity(HU)isoneoftheoldest,largestandmostprestigiousuniversitiesinJapan,anditnowhas12undergraduateand25graduateschools.ThebasicphilosophiesguidingHU’seducationandresearchincludeFrontierSpirit,GlobalPerspectives,Well-RoundedEducationandPracticalLearning.VeterinaryeducationatHUstartedin1878andprofessionalveterinaryeducationbeganin1880.TheDepartmentofVeterinaryMedicinewasestablishedin1910.In1952,itgrewintotheSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine. OUwasfirstestablishedasObihiroHigherTechnicalSchoolofVeterinaryMedicinein1941anditwastheonlynationalagriculturaluniversityin1949toprovideaworld-classeducationinagriculture,animalhusbandryandveterinarymedicine.OUislocatedinthemiddleofTokachiDistrict,whichiscalled“Japan’sfoodproductionbase”andconsistsofthelargestfieldcropandlivestockzoneinJapan.OU’sbasicphilosophyisnurturingitscharacteristicsthroughthecreationandpracticaluseofknowledge,andcontributingtoregionalandinternationalcommunitiesbydevelopinghumanresourcestosupportandprotectfoodsafety,animalhealthandpeople’slivelihoods.SVM/HUhasactivelyengagedinresearchonzoonoticdiseases,lifesciences,ecosystempreservation,andcompanionanimalmedicine,whileDVM/OUhasfocusedonfarmanimalmedicineandproduction,foodsafety/securityandprotozoandiseases. TheMEXTgavefundingsupportfortheestablishmentofeducationandresearchcentersthatprovidesleadership,bestresearchandtrainingforafocusareatostrengthen
theinternationalcompetitivenessofJapaneseuniversitiesas“21stCenturyCenterofExcellence(COE)”programme.TheresearchandeducationprogrammespresentedbybothuniversitieswereselectedbyMEXTas“21stCOEprogramme”(HU:ProgrammeofExcellenceforZoonosisControl;OU:Sustainabilityandsafetyinfoodanimalproduction).Basedontheevaluationof‘21stCenturyCOEProgram’,bothuniversitieswerefurtherselectedtobea“GlobalCOEProgram”(HU:TheEstablishmentoftheInternationalCollaborativeCenterforZoonosisControl;OU:AnimalGlobalHealth).BackgroundoncooperativeveterinaryeducationIn2004,allJapanesenationaluniversitiesweretransformedinto‘nationaluniversitycorporations(NUCs)’.Beforethat,thenationaluniversitieshadbeenpartsofthegovernment.MEXTisstilltheofficialauthoritythatoverseestheNUCs;however,eachnationaluniversitybecameasemi-autonomouspubliccorporation,separatefromthegovernmentandwithmorefreedominmanagement. InNovember2008,MEXTrevisedtheStandardsfortheEstablishmentofUniversitiesandcreatedalegalframework,calledthe‘CooperativeEducationProgram’,toallowmultipleuniversitiestoprovideandutilizeeducationalresourceseffectively.Thesocialneedforveterinarymedicineeducationhasbecomemorediversifiedandadvanced,notonlyforanimalpracticebutalsoforlifescience,worldwideinfectioncontrol,publichealth,andenvironmentalhygiene.Instillingahighqualityofeducation,whichwillformthebasisofveterinarians’qualifications,isimportantandnecessary.Toaddresstheissueeffectivelyandprovideacomprehensive,international-leveleducation,SVM/HUandDVM/OUestablishedandMEXTapprovedtheVNJprogrammein2012. Combiningtheadvantagesofthetwovetschools,VNJwasfoundedtoformulateaneducationalframeworkforinternationallyacceptableveterinaryprofessionswithanup-to-datecurriculumthatcoversallfieldsofveterinarymedicineandsciences.MEXT’sprojectbudget,‘SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan’,fromFY2012toFY2017,includedanallocationtoVNJtointensivelyredevelopandstrengthenthequalityofuniversityeducation(SeedetailsinStandard2.1.). Since2012,whenthenewcurriculum(Curriculum2012)attheVNJprogrammecommenced,wehavevisitedestablishmentsthatareapproved/accreditedbyEAEVEinordertogatherinformationonthecurrentstatusof
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veterinaryeducationinEuropeancountriesanddiscusshowtoimproveourownveterinaryeducation.Further,wehavealsoinvitedexpertsfromtheEAEVEestablishmentstoconductinformalconsultations.WereceivedconsultativevisitationbyESEVTexpertsinJuly2017inaccordancewithUppsalaSOPMay2016.TheupcomingFullVisitationscheduledinJuly2019willbethefirstESEVTFVforVNJ.MainfeaturesoftheEstablishmentTheVNJprogramme,withasix-yeartermofstudy,wasauthorizedbyMEXTandisledbytheVNJCouncil,whichconsistsofbothuniversities’presidents.VNJiswellmanagedbytheVNJExecutiveBoardandanorganisationcomprisingvariouscommittees(Standard1.1.4.). Themainfeatureofourveterinaryeducationsystemisthecooperationbetweenthetwoveterinaryschools,whichhassignificantlystrengthenedveterinaryeducationandresearchfields. Thetwoveterinaryschools,SVM/HUandDVM/OU,mutuallyutilizeeachother’soutstandingeducationalresourcesinordertodeveloparichcurriculumthattheindividualvetschoolswouldnothavebeenabletoformulate.Inparticular,auniquecomplimentaryclinicalrotationhasbeenintroducedtoprovideasufficientnumberofcaseloadinvariousanimalspecies.Underthecurrentcurriculum,theteachingstaffofSVM/HUinstructsstudentsinseveralsubjectsatDVM/OUandviceversa(fromSVM/HUtoDVM/OU:31subjectsand44credits,fromDVM/OUtoSVM/HU:26subjectsand38credits).Thisprogrammealsoallowsstudentsofbothinstitutionstoparticipateinseminarsandpracticaltrainingsessionsofferedoneithercampusandinteractiveremoteclasses.MaindevelopmentssincethelastVisitation WereceivedaConsultativeVisitationinJuly2017inaccordancewithUppsalaSOPMay2016.ThreepotentialmajordeficiencieswereidentifiedbytheESEVTexperts. Themaindevelopmentsregardingthemajordeficienciesareasfollows: 1. We renewed our internal regulations to involve
students, juniorstaffandexternalstakeholders intheVNJ’sorganisationalstructure.Theirinputisusefulforimprovingthequalityoflearningandteaching.
2. We increased thenumberof veterinarians, academicandsupportstaffandopeneda24/7clinicalserviceforcompanionanimals(SVM/HU)andequines(DVM/OU).
3. Afacilityforanatomyandnecropsywasrenovatedtomeetabiosecuritystandard(SVM/HU).
Othersignificantdevelopments 4. AnExoticUnitwasopenedattheVTH(SVM/HU),and
cooperationwithlocalzoos(MaruyamaZooandObihiroZoo)wasestablishedinbothlocations.
5. Aspay/neuterprogrammehasbeenintroducedincooperationwithlocalanimalshelters(SVM/HUand
DVM/OU).6. Selectivesubjectswereincreased,includingaquatic
animalmedicine,zoopractice,andVTHclinicalrotationinforeigncountries,viaaninternationalvetexchangeprogramme(IVEP).
7. IncreasetheopportunitiesforEPTtrainingatameatinspectioncenterwereaddedunderthecooperativeagreementwiththelocalgovernmentagency.
8. Animalwelfareconceptinteachingandresearchhasbeenenhanced,e.g.,environmentalenrichment,thedisclosureofanimalexperimentapplications(DVM/OU)andreducingtheuseofliveanimals.
9. AVPN(VirtualPrivateNetwork)wasintroducedinApril2019tomakeaccessibleOU’sinternalnetwork.Allstudentscannowuseinternalnetwork-basedservices(suchasdownloadingreferences)fromtheircomputersoroutsidenetworks.
10. Theremotelecturesystemwasupdatedforsustainability,cost-effectivenessanduser-friendliness.
11. Theamountofe-learningcontentgrew.12. Newtools,modelsandsimulatorswereaddedtothe
ClinicalSkillsLabs.13. Isolationfacilitiesforcompanionanimalswere
renovated(SVM/HU). 14. Themainlibrarywasrenovatedtoprovideabetter
learningenvironment;theconstructionwillbecompletedbySeptember2019atOU.
15. Twomobilediagnosticimagingvehicleswereintroducedatalargeanimalclinic(ultrasound,x-ray,endoscope,bloodanalyser(CBCandbiochemical),on-farmmoleculardiagnosticdevices.
16. Thecurrentcurriculum(Curriculum2012)wasreviewed.Theexternalstakeholders,studentsandfacultymembersworkedtogethertoenhancestudentlearning,engagement,experienceandoutcomes.
17. TheVNJDayOneCompetencyListhasbeenformulated.
18. Newbuildingsforexperimentalanimalswereconstructed(HU).
MajorproblemsencounteredbytheEstablishment Severalspecificproblemshavebeenresolved.Ontheotherhand,significantchangesintheoperationalstructures,curriculumandfacilitieshavegeneratedstressrelatedtoadoptingthenewsystemandtheyrequiredalotofextraworkfromthestaffandstudents. Theacademicandsupportstaffhadtomanagetwocurriculainparallel;itwasadifficultperiodespeciallyduringthetransition(2012-2015)fromtheoldcurriculumtothecurrentone(theVNJCurriculum2012). Resolvedissues1. Inthepreviouscurriculum,thehands-onclinical
rotationwastooshort.Weincreasedtheclinicalrotationperiodfromfourtotwelveweeks.
2. Thecaseloadinthelargeanimalpracticewaslow.WeincreasedthenumberofveterinariansandacademicandsupportstaffinthelargeanimalclinicandrenovatedDVM/OU’sVTHforlargeanimals.Accordingly,thenumberofpatientshasincreasedyearbyyear(SeeTable5.1.2,5.1.3inStandard5).
3. TomeetthebiosafetyandbiosecuritystandardsofEAEVE,werenovatedandconstructedseveralfacilities
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forveterinaryeducation,includingVTHsforsmallandlargeanimals,necropsyandanatomyfacilities,ahospitalizationbarnandisolationfacilities.
4. WerevisedtheVNJcurriculumtomeettherequirementsofEUDirective2005/36/EC.
5. Thenumberofnecropsycasesinallcommondomesticanimals,exceptcompanionanimals,increased.
6. Weimprovedthequalityassurance(QA)systemofVNJinaccordancewithnationalandEuropeanstandardsandtherequirementsofEAEVE.Therefore,asystemallowinginputfromexternalstakeholdersandstudentsintheformofanAdvisoryPanelhasbeenintroduced.
7. Accesstopoultryandpigfarmsislimitedduetostrictbiosecurity.Therewasinsufficientclinicalandpublichealthtrainingwiththeseanimalspecies.SinceJune2017,aherdvisitandtrainingprogrammeatcommercialfarmsofpigandpoultryhasstartedtoimprovethecurrentsituation.
Ongoingchallenges1. Studentsarenotforcedtoworkoverthehours
definedbythecredit(1creditforHands-ontrainingcorrespondsto45workinghours).Accordingly,studentshavelimitedexposuretonight/emergencyduty(2credits,1.5creditsforcompanionanimalsand0.5creditsforlargeanimals).
2. NecropsycasesofcompanionanimalsarelowerthantheaverageofEuropeanestablishments.Mostoftheownersdonotdonatethebodiesofthedeceasedpetstoveterinaryschools.Theygenerallyhaveapetfuneralandcrematethebodiesastheywouldforahuman.Itistraditionallybelievedthatabodyshouldbewholeuponcremation.Thus,wedonothavelargenumbersofnecropsycasesofcompanionanimalsbecauseofthisculturalbackground.
3. Effectivecommunicationbetweenalllevelsofstaffandstudentsisimportant.Enormouschangesintheshorttermforthedevelopmentprocessalsoimpededtheunderstandingandcommunicationamongthefacultymembersfrombothlocations.Since2011,wehavebeenoperatingannualjointmeetingcamps(VNJFacultyAssembly).EveryMarch,allacademicstaffsfrombothlocationsgathertoshareinformationandproblemsanddiscussissuesface-to-face.Employingaremoteconferencesystemalsoensuresfrequentcommunicationbetweenthetwolocations.Wewillcontinuetoimprovecommunicationateverylevel.
4. Thefundingformaintenanceandrenewalcostsofmedicalequipmentislimited.
VersionanddateoftheESEVTSOPwhichisvalidfortheVisitation UppsalaSOP2016,whichwasapprovedbytheEAEVEatGeneralAssemblyonMay12,2016.
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Standard 1: Objectives and Organisation 1.1. Factual Information (Findings) 1.1.1.DetailsoftheEstablishment,i.e.officialname,address,phonenumber,Emailandwebsiteaddresses,Establishment’sHead,nameanddegreesoftheperson(s)responsiblefortheprofessional,ethical,andacademicaffairsoftheVTH,officialauthorityoverseeingtheEstablishment Officialname TheCooperativeVeterinaryEducationProgrammebetweenHokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicineandObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine(VetNorthJapan,VNJ). WebsiteHokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicine(SVM/HU):https://www.vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp/DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,ObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine(DVM/OU):https://www.obihiro.ac.jp/vet-med-prgHeadoftheEstablishment(Dean)Name°rees:HisaoKurazono,D.V.M.,M.S.,PhD,VicePresidentofObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine Address:2-11Inada,Obihiro,080-8555,Hokkaido,JapanPhonenumber:+81-155-49-5422Email:hkurazon@obihiro.ac.jp*TheDeansofSVM/HUandDVM/OUshallserveastheDeanandViceDeanofVNJ,alternatingeveryfouryears.TheVNJDeanoverseesandisresponsibleforalltheprogrammesrelatedtotheprofessional,ethicalandacademicaffairsoftheeducationprogramme,issupportedbytheViceDeanandDirectorsoftheVTHsinthetwolocations(bothholdD.V.M.andPhDdegrees). OfficialauthorityoverseeingtheEstablishment:HUwasfoundedin1876asSapporoAgriculturalCollege.OUwasestablishedin1941asObihiroHigherTechnicalSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine.BothuniversitiesareapprovedasnationaluniversitiesofJapanesehighereducationunderthejurisdictionoftheMinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology(MEXT).TheVNJCouncilconsistsofToyoharuNawa,PhD,PresidentofHUandKiyoshiOkuda,D.V.M.,PhD,PresidentofOU,overseestheVNJ. 1.1.2.SummaryoftheEstablishmentStrategicPlanwithanupdatedSWOTanalysis,themissionandtheobjectivesOnthebasisoftheSWOTanalysis(Figure1.1)ofthecurrentstatusoftheVNJ,whichwasupdatedbytheQACommitteeandauthorizedbytheProgrammeExecutiveBoardinMarch2017,wehavedevelopedthefollowingstrategicplans: MissionOurmissionistobenefitsocietyandtheenvironmentbyprovidingveterinaryprofessionalswhohaveasolid
foundationofknowledge,skillsandethicsandwhowillcontributetothepromotionofthehealthandwelfareofbothanimalsandhumans.
ObjectivesTheprimaryobjectiveoftheVNJistoprovide,inagreementwiththeQualityAssurance(QA)FrameworkofHigherEducationinJapan(MEXT,Japan),adequate,ethical,research-andevidence-basedveterinarytrainingandtoproducenewgraduateveterinarianswho:1)Meetacompetencythresholdforentry-level
professionalsincludinglicenceeligibility;2)Haveafoundationwithhighethicalstandardsto
addressthegrowinganddiversifiedsocialneedsofveterinarymedicineandtheabilitytocontributetothepromotionofpopulationhealththroughimprovinganimalhealthandwelfarethroughamultidisciplinaryapproach;
3)Possessaglobalperspectivewiththe‘OneHealth’conceptinordertorespondtoandpreventenvironmentalissuesandinfectiousdiseases,includingtransboundaryanimaldiseases,zoonosesandfoodbornediseases,whichthreatenanimalandhumanhealth;
4)Understandtheimportanceoflifelonglearningandtheneedtoobtainup-to-dateinformationaboutevidence-basedveterinarymedicinethroughresearch-basededucation.
StrategicPlans(2016-2021)1. DesignanInnovativeCurriculumandEducational
EnvironmentAsaresultofthelaststrategicplan(2010-2015),wecoordinatedthecurriculumtomeettheEUDirective2005/36/EC,reinforcedclinicalhands-ontrainingandrenovated/constructedfacilitiesforveterinaryeducation.Thecurriculumandeducationalenvironmentcontinuetobeimproved.Wehavealsoreviewedthecurrentcurriculum(Curriculum2012)tointroduceastudent-centeredpedagogy.Thenewcurriculumwillbeintroducedin2019.Wehavestarted24/7emergencyservicesforcompanionanimalsandequinesandwillstrengthentheactivityofthe24/7emergencyservices.
2. EnsuringandenhancingtheQASystemforVeterinary
Education Inadditiontotheuniversity-levelQAthathasbeenintroducedunderlegalobligation,weenhancedourQAsystemattheVNJprogram-level.Weperformedasystematic,impartial,objectiveandself-andstakeholder-basedevaluationofhoweffectivelyourprogrammeisworking.Byreviewingandanalysingkeyindicators,wewillbeabletoplanandcontinuouslyimproveoureducationandresearch.Toevaluatethequalityofourprogramme,wearegoingtoreceivetwoexternalevaluationsspecificto
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veterinaryeducationbyEAEVE(2019)andJapanUniversityAccreditationAssociation(JUAA)(thedateisnotfixedyet).TheacquisitionofEAEVEaccreditationisoneofthelandmarkinternationalstandardswewantourveterinaryeducationtoreach.
3. EnhancementofResearchActivities TheVNJintendstoenhanceresearchactivitiestocultivatestudents'scientificthinkingandproblem-solvingability.TheVNJpromotesresearchactivitiesbyapplyingforexternalresearchfundsandincreasingthenumberofdoctoralstudentsandresearchstaff.Byofferinganexcellentresearch-basededucation,wecanconsolidateourpositionandproduceoutstandinghumanresources.
4. EnhancedContributions to the LocalCommunityand
SocietyByadvancingknowledgeandexpandingourapproachtopracticallearning,wewillcontributetotheregionalandinternationalcommunitythroughdevelopinghumanresources,whocanrespondtosocialdemandsandcreatingcollaborationsandstrongpartnershipsbetweenacademia,governmentandindustry.AgricultureisHokkaido’smajorindustry.Weofferpublicservicestosupportcommunitiesthroughourclinics,diagnosticlaboratoriesandregional
collaborativecenters,contributingtoanimalandhumanhealthandensuringfoodsafety.
5. GlobalizationofResearchandEducation
TheVNJstrengthenspartnershipswithoverseasuniversities,withwhichwecanexchangestudentsandstaff.WehavecontributedtointernationalcollaborationsandeducationthroughtheWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO)CollaborativeCenterandWorldOrganisationforAnimalHealth(OIE)referencelaboratories.Wealsosupporttocapacity-buildingindevelopingcountrieswithJapanInternationalCooperation Agency(JICA),whichistheactingbodyofJapan’sOfficialDevelopmentAssistance(ODA).TheVNJwilltakeitsresearchandeducationtotheglobal-level.
6. FosteringGlobalLeadersofOneHealth
Contributingtoveterinaryscienceisstronglyexpectedtohelpachieve“OneHealth”throughouttheworld.TheVNJwillimproveitseducationtoshareinternationalperspectivesandleadershipskillswithstudentsaswellasfostertheirexpertiseandsenseofresponsibility.
Figure1.1.SWOTanalysisofVetNorthJapan
SWOT Analysis for VetNorth JapanSummary of the SWOT analysis for VetNorth Japan updated in 2018
Weaknessesl Insufficient 24/7 emergency services for companion
animals and equinel Insufficient patient numbers of porcine, poultry & exotic
petsl Insufficient necropsy cases of companion animalsl Time, labour, and operating costs for complementary
education (transportation and accommodation for staff and students, etc)
l Insufficient QA procedures including the lack of organizations to take the input from students & external stakeholders
l Insufficient EPT programme & its managementl Low number of specialized veterinariansl Absence of VPN at OU
Opportunitiesl Strong demand for and interest in veterinary medicine
through human-animal-nature bond concept from the community
l Veterinarian is one of the popular occupations. l Big impact of education reinforcement in VetNorth
Japan on other universities and the communityl Reputation, branding & competitiveness of VetNorth
Japan due to renovation of veterinary education & QA, & entailed accreditation by the EAEVE
l Leadership of VetNorth Japan in Japan & Asia in veterinary education & QA establishment
Threatsl Continuous decline of budgets to national universities in
Japanl Financial difficulty for sufficient staffingl Change in economic status & population ageing that
would affect veterinary education & trainingl Decrease in number of prospective students due to
declining birthrates
Strengthsl Academic staff with novel & broad specificities with high
activities in scientific researchl Combined education system with totally complementary
structure, facilities, resources & environment for veterinary studies and training
l Excellent facilities and infrastructurel Students with high motivation & academic abilityl Harmonization of staff from two locations sharing
periodical FD/SD for QAl Leading VTH for small and large animals with eminent
medical care in Japanl Various active overseas collaborations in education &
research
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1.1.3.SummaryoftheEstablishmentOperatingPlanwithtimeframeandindicatorsofachievementofitsobjectives ThedetailtheOperatingPlanswithatimeframeandindicatorsofpastandcurrentStrategicPlansareshowninAppendix 1. ThesummaryofoperatingplanswithhighprioritygiventothecurrentStrategicPlan(2016-2021)islistedasfollows:Education・Renovationofnecropsyandanatomyfacilitiesat
SVM/HUtomeetthebiosecurityrequirements(completed)
・Increaseinthenumberofnecropsiesofcompanionanimals(continuous)
・Strengtheningclinicaltrainingforswine,poultryandemergencyserviceforcompanionanimalsandequine(continuous)
・Strengtheningextramuraltrainingforfoodsafetyandquality(continuous)
・ImprovementofwebsitesprovidingimportantandnecessaryinformationfortheVNJprogramme,suchasstrategicplans,qualityassuranceandbiosafetyandbiosecurityprocedurestoensurebetterunderstandingamongthestaffandstudents(continuous)
・ConsolidationofQAsystemtobetteruseinputfromstudentsandexternalstakeholdersforthecontinuousimprovementofeducation(continuous)
・Updatinginformationforbettereducationfromdomesticandinternationalorganisationsandexperts(continuous)
Indicatorsincludeastudentsatisfactoryrate,students’score/grades,retention,graduationanddropoutrates,passrateofnationalexaminationforveterinarianlicence,no.ofspecializedveterinarians,no.ofapplicants,no.ofnecropsycases,andno.ofclinicalcaseloads.AccreditationbyEAEVEisoneimportantindicatorofourveterinaryeducationhavingmetinternationalstandards.Research・ReforminggraduateschoolsatHUandOU
(completed,seedetailinStandard10)・Promotionofbasic,appliedandtranslationalresearch
(continuous)andactivereleaseofresearchoutcomes(continuous)
・Strengtheninginternationalcollaborationandpromotingtheinternationalexchangeofstaffandstudents(continuous)
・Increasingtheacquisitionofresearchgrants(continuous)
・Increasingthenumberofsignificantpublications(continuous)
Indicatorsincludegrantincome,publications,PhDstudentship,awards,publicationswithinternationalco-authorship,no.ofMOU,PhDstudents,internationallyoutboundstudents,internationalprogrammes,
internationalsymposium/seminarsandinternationalstaffandfeedbackfromgraduatestudents.Services・Providinghigh-quality,advancedclinicalservicesto
supportanimalhealth(continuous)・Internationalaccreditationfordiagnosticservices
(ISO17025,OIEreferencelaboratories,HUandDVM/OU),milkplantandfarmmanagement(FSSC22000andISO22000,OU)(completed)
・Openingcommunitypracticeservices,suchasspaying/neuteringstraydogsandcats(completed)
・Openinga24/7emergencyclinicforcompanionanimalsandhorses(completed)
・Increasingcollaborativeactivitieswiththelocalcommunityinresearchandeducationalfields(continuous)
IndicatorsincludeinternationalaccreditationsuchasISO17025,AAALAC,FSSC22000andISO22000,no.ofcollaborativeandcooperativeworkswiththecommunity,numberofcaseloads,revenuesfromclinicalanddiagnosticservicesandsatisfactoryfeedbackfromclients.1.1.4.Organisationalchart(diagram)oftheEstablishmentAdiagramoftheorganisationoftheVNJisshowninFigure1.2.TheorganisationalchartofeachlocationisprovidedinAppendix 2 (SVM/HU)and 3 (DVM/OU).1.1.5.Listofdepartments/units/clinicsandcouncils/boards/committeeswithaverybriefdescriptionoftheircomposition/function/responsibilities CommonorganisationalstructureoftheVNJTheVNJCouncilconsistsofthetwouniversities’presidents.AsshowninFigure1.2,thecouncilisthehighestdecision-makingbodyanditisresponsibleforensuringefficientfinancialsupportforoperatingtheVNJprogramme. TheVNJExecutiveBoardconsistsofdeansfromthetwolocationsanditdecidesmoststrategicissues.ItmustapproveofallitemssubmittedbytheProgrammeExecutiveBoard.ThemembersoftheProgrammeExecutiveBoardareappointedbytheVNJExecutiveBoard.TheProgrammeExecutiveBoardisapracticaldecision-makingbody,whichisresponsibleforallissuesrelatingtotheteaching,learningandresearchcarriedoutintheVNJprogramme.TheboardcomprisestenprofessorsfromeachlocationanddirectsthewholeVNJprogramme.TheVNJAdvisoryPanelhasbeenestablishedsince2017.Thepanelconsistsofcriticalinternalandexternalstakeholders,includingstudent,publichealthandanimalhealthsectorrepresentatives,graduatesandmembersoflocalveterinarianassociationsandprivatecompanies.Thepanelmeetstwiceayeartounderstandtheneedsandexpectationsfortheprogramme,fromdifferent
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perspectives.Thepanel’sfeedbackisconsideredtoimprovethequalityoftheprogramme.
Figure1.2.OrganisationaldiagramofVetNorthJapan
Wehavesixjointcommitteesforhandlingandoperatingimportantcommonissues.Thesejointcommitteescoordinateideasanddiscussionsfromrelevantlocalcommitteestomakemutualagreements.Detailsofthecomposition,functionandresponsibilitiesofeachcommitteeareprovidedinAppendix 4, 5 and6.
・TheAcademicAffairsCommitteeplansandreviewstheacademicprogrammesandcontinuedimprovementofteachingandlearning.
・TheQACommitteeisresponsibleforthequalitymanagementofourveterinaryeducation.
・TheInternationalAccreditationCommitteeisinchargeofdevelopingaplan, andcollectingandprovidingrelevantinformationforourveterinaryeducationtoobtaininternationalaccreditations.
・ThePortalSiteCommitteemanagesandimprovestheVetPortalsite,ane-noticeboardtopromotecommunicationsbetweenthestudentsandacademicstaffofthetwolocations.
・TheAdvancedEducationCommitteeisresponsibleforthe
managementofAdvancedSeminars,whichcoverelectivesubjectsandprovidedeeperknowledgeandskillsofspecialveterinarytopics.
・TheVeterinaryCommonAchievementTest(VCAT)Committeeconsistsoftwosubcommittees(vetCBTandvetOSCE),whichareresponsibleforoperatingtheVCAT,whichisheldinYear5beforeparticipatingclinicalrotation.ThechairpersonsofthecommoncommitteesandthedirectoroftheVTHsallholdaveterinarydegree. OrganisationofSVM/HUandDVM/OUThedetailedorganisationalchartofeachlocationisshowninAppendix2and3.SapporoBriefly,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicineconsistsoftwodivisions;oneistheDivisionofVeterinaryMedicineandtheotheristheVeterinaryTeachingHospital(VTH).TheDivisionofVeterinaryMedicineconsistsofsixdepartmentsincludingBasicVeterinarySciences,DiseaseControl,EnvironmentalVeterinarySciences,Applied
VetNorth Japan CouncilPresidents of HU & President of OU
Organisational diagram of VetNorth Japan
VetNorth Japan
VetNorth Japan Executive BoardVetNorth Japan Dean
Deans of SVM/HU and DVM/OU
Joint Committees of VetNorth Japan Representative faculty members from SVM/HU & DVM/OU
DVM/OU
–Obihiro–
FacultyMeetings,
Committees&
Working Groups
SVM/HU
–Sapporo–
Faculty Meetings,
Committees&
Working Groups
International Accreditation
VCAT (CBT & OSCE)
Advanced Education
Portal Site
VetNorth Japan Advisory PanelExternal stakeholders
&StudentRepresentatives
Program Executive BoardRepresentative professors from SVM/HU and DVM/OU
Quality Assurance
Student Union Student Union
Academic Affairs
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VeterinarySciences,PreventiveVeterinaryMedicine,andClinicalSciences.TheteachingstaffattheVTHconsistsofallacademicstaffmembersandresidentsintheDepartmentofClinicalSciencesandtheVTHDivision. Importantissuesinthefacultyaredeliberatedanddecidedinmonthlyfacultymeetings.ThemembersofthefacultymeetingsincludetheSVM/HUdean,vicedean,professors,associateprofessorsandlecturers.Assistantprofessorsarealsoabletoattendthefacultymeeting.Tostrengthenthehearingfromjunioracademicstaff,SVM/HUdeanestablishedDeanSupportingCommitteewhichconsistsofoneprofessorandjuniorassociateandassistantprofessors.Inaddition,SVM/HUdeanconvenesthefacultyassemblyinSapporoseveraltimesayeartodiscusstheannualbudgetofthefacultyamongotheragendas.ThefacultyassemblyinSapporoisameetingthatinvolvesallacademicstaff,includingassistantprofessors.ObihiroTheVNJeducationprogrammeisdeterminedbythefacultymembersoftworesearchdivisions–VeterinarySciencesandClinicalVeterinaryMedicine-aswellastheacademicstafffromVeterinaryMedicalCenter(VMC),DiagnosticCenterforAnimalHealthandFoodSafetyandNationalResearchCenterforProtozoanDiseases. ThefacultymembersofOUalsoassembleattwotypesofmonthlymeetings,theVeterinaryMedicineProgrammemeetingandtheDepartmentMeeting.Theyincludeallacademicstaff(professors,associateprofessors,lecturersandassistantprofessors)whoareresponsibleforthecoresubjectsoftheVNJeducationprogramme.Theydeliberateeducationalandrelatedsubjectsintheformermeetingandresearch-relatedissuesinthelattermeeting.Allinformationandresultsaresharedwitheachotheratbothmeetings.1.1.6.DescriptionofhowandbywhothestrategicplanandtheorganisationoftheEstablishmentaredecided,communicatedtostaff,studentsandstakeholders,implemented,assessedandrevisedSincetheVNJhasajointfacultyfromtwouniversities,proceduresfordecision-making,communication,assessmentandrevisionofstrategicplansareconductedattheVNJ-levelandateachuniversity. EachnationaluniversityinJapandrawspreparesitssix-yearmid-termgoalsforstrategicplansandsetoperationalplanstoenhanceadministrativeautonomyandachieveadistinctivepresence,thuscarryingoutstrategicuniversitymanagement.TheVNJ’sstrategicplanintendstoreflectthestrategicplansofbothuniversities.Duetothedifferenceinstructurebetweentheuniversities,thecommunicationprocessesateachuniversityarealsodistinct. Universitylevel SapporoTheSVM/HUdeandiscusseswithmembersoftheFacultySteeringCommitteehowtocomposetheSix-YearTerm
StrategicPlanforeducationandresearch.TheSVM/HUdeanconvenesthefacultyassemblytocollectopinionsfromthefacultystaffincludingthejuniorstaff.TheSVM/HUdeansubmitsthestrategicplantotheExecutiveOfficeforPlanningandManagementoftheuniversity.TheBoardofExecutivesapprovesthestrategicplanandfinallysubmitsittoMEXT.TheSVM/HUdeanreportstheexecutionstatusofthestrategicplanfortheVNJtotheEvaluationOfficeofHUannually.Afterreviewingthereport,theEvaluationOfficesendsthereporttotheuniversitypresident.Inthethirdyearofthestrategicplan,thepresidentconvenesameetingoftheBoardofExecutivestoevaluatetheexecutionreport.Accordingtotheresultsoftheirevaluation,theSVM/HUdeanconvenesaFacultySteeringCommitteetomakeanimprovedstrategicplanandexecuteit. ObihiroThedean,universityvicedirectors,thedirectorofeachcentersandseveralprofessorsappointedbythepresidentareresponsibleformakingthestrategic(theSix-YearTermStrategicPlan)andoperationalplansbasedontheuniversity’spriorities.TheseplansareapprovedbytheExecutiveOffice,whichconsistsofthepresident,twoexecutivevicepresidentsforeducationandresearchandthedirectorgeneral.Everythreemonths,theprogressoftheplansisreportedtothepresidentasawrittendocument.Everyhalf-year,theExecutiveOfficemeetswiththedean,vicedirectorsoftheuniversityanddirectorsofthecenterstoexchangeopinionsabouttheprogressoftheoperationalplans.AttheendoftheFY,thepresidentreceivestheannualreportsthathavebeensubmittedfromeachsectionandevaluatestheoutcomes.University’sSix-YearTermStrategicPlanhttps://www.obihiro.ac.jp/navi-evaluationVNJlevel ThedraftoftheVNJstrategicplan,whichismadebasedonaSWOTanalysis,isfirstdiscussedbytheFacultyMeetingatbothlocations.TheProgrammeExecutiveBoardrevisestheplanandreleasesittotheVNJExecutiveBoard.TheExecutiveBoardfinalizestheplan,followedbytheapprovaloftheVNJCouncil. Decisionsarecommunicatedtofacultymembersandsupportstaffusuallythroughinternalmailing,regularandon-demandmeetingsandFD/SDseminars. ThestrategicplansareimplementedbytheVNJfacultymembers,whereasrelevantcommittees,theProgrammeExecutiveBoardassessandreviseprogressandoutcomestatements.
1.2. Comments TheobjectivesandmissionoftheVNJforveterinaryeducationanditsimprovementareprimarilybasedonthecooperativeeducationframeworkforthetwoveterinaryschools.
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Bothveterinaryschoolshaveprominentacademicstaffdealingwitheducationandresearch.Theyworkinvariousfieldsofveterinarymedicineandscienceandareexperts,recognizedbytheirglobalscientificcommunities.Unifyingthestafffromthetwoveterinaryschools,therefore,iskeytopursuingourgoalsforveterinaryeducationanditsimprovementattheVNJ.Tomaintainandstrengthentheirharmonization,weaimtocontinuethemonthlymeetingsoftheProgrammeExecutiveBoardandtheannualVNJJointFacultyAssembly. TheVNJhasanadvantageinveterinaryeducationduetotheenvironmentalcircumstancesofHokkaido.HUislocatedinSapporo,thefifthlargestcityinJapan,whichenablesHUtohavealargenumberofcompanionanimalcases.Ontheotherhand,ObihiroisinTokachiDistrict,whichisamajorfood/livestockproductionarea.Hokkaidohasawonderfulnaturalenvironmentwithavarietyofwildlife,towhichwemayhaveaccesssuitableenvironmentalresourcesforveterinaryeducationwithinthe‘OneHealth’philosophy.
1.3. Suggestions for improvement Toreducetheadverseeffectsofdistance(e.g.costandtimerequiredfortransportation),weneedtofurtherrenovateoperatingproceduresandourcurriculum.InJapan,subsidiestonationaluniversitiesforeducationandresearchcontinuetodeclineyearbyyear.TheVNJneedstomakesignificanteffortstoobtainsubsidiesforasustainableveterinaryeducationsystem.Weshouldreinforceoureffortstocollaboratewithcompaniesandregionalgovernmentsandaskfordonationsforbothuniversities.Basedonqualityassuranceprinciples,wewillpromotecommunicationatvariousoperatinglevels.Itwillbedonewithfacultymembersandconsiderthepointsofviewsofstudentsandexternalstakeholders.OurfirststudentsundertheVNJcurriculum(Curriculum2012)graduatedinMarch2018.WebeganrevisingtheCurriculum2012forcontinuousimprovementwithinternalandexternalstakeholders.
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Standard 2: Finances 2.1. Factual Information (Findings) 2.1.1.DescriptionoftheglobalfinancialprocessoftheEstablishmentSapporo(Appendix 7)Themainbudgetsourcesfortheestablishmentarethe“SubsidiesforNationalUniversities”fromMEXT,projectsubsidiesandresearchgrants.TheSubsidiesforNationalUniversitiesthatHUreceivedareallocatedbythePresidenttofacultiesbasedonarequestandappraisalprocess(http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/jimuk/reiki/reiki_honbun/u010RG00000477.html).ThesubsidyforNationalUniversitiesfacultiesreceivecanbeusedasordinaryexpensesformanagingfaculty.EachrelevantcommitteeintheveterinaryschoolsubmitsbudgetrequeststothedeanofSVM/HU.Thedeanmakesadraftbudget,withtheBudgetCommitteeofthefaculty,byconsideringcommittees’requestsandtransferringthedraftbudgettotheFacultyMeeting.Then,thedraftbudgetisdiscussedandapprovedbytheFacultyMeeting.ThebudgetexecutionisreviewedattheFacultyAssembly,ensuringefficientexpenditure. MostoftheprojectsubsidiesatthefacultyarefundedbyMEXTandareusedspecificallyforeachproject’sobjectives.Projectleadersmaketheirbudgetswhilesteeringcommitteesdiscussandapprovethebudgets.ProjectleadersreportthebudgetexecutiontoHUthroughtheSVM/HUdean.HUsendsthereportstoMEXT.ProgrammeofficersorMEXT-assignedevaluationcommitteesannuallyreviewthereportsandrecommendimprovementsifnecessary.ResearchgrantsatHUarefundedbyMEXT,MinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare(MHLW),MinistryofAgriculture,ForestryandFisheries(MAFF),JapanAgencyforMedicalResearchandDevelopment(AMED),JapanInternationalCooperationAgency(JICA)andotherministries/organisations/companies. AllresearchgrantsareallocatedtoHU,whichHUthentransferstotheprincipalresearchersresponsibleforthebudgetexecution.Principalresearchersrenderfinancialstatementsandsendthemtorelevantministries/organisations/companiesthroughtheSVM/HUdeanandHU.TheAnnualFinanceReportincludesinformationonexpenditureandrevenueswhileseparatelydescribingpersonnel,operating,maintenanceandequipmentcosts. Obihiro(Appendix 8)Theuniversity’sannualbudgetisadoptedforthefiscalyearbeginningon1Aprilandendingon30March.TheprocessforthebudgetplanandallocationisshowninAppendix8.
MainsourcesofrevenuesforDVM/OUarethe“SubsidiesforNationalUniversities”,projectsubsidies,andexternalresearchgrants.MEXTrefinesannualsubsidies,andthentheuniversity’sExecutiveOffice,whichconsistsofthePresident,ExecutiveVicePresidentsandDirectorGeneral,decidestheallocationofbudgettoeachdepartment. TheglobalfinancialprocessatOUisconsistentwiththeRegulationforBudgetManagement(https://education.joureikun.jp/obihiro/act/frame/frame110000138.htm).First,thepresidentreleasesanannualbudgetplanningpolicy,whichsetstheframeworkfortheuniversity’sstrategicplan.Basedonthispolicy,theFinanceSectionpreparesanannualbudgetimplementationplan.EachunitsubmitsabudgetrequestforthenextfiscalyeartothepresidenteveryJanuary.AbudgethearingisheldbytheexecutivevicepresidentsandtheFinanceDivisionsothattheycanarriveatapreciseunderstandingoftherequests.Theserequestsareconsideredtoformaplan.ThebudgetplanisrevisedbytheUniversityExecutiveOffice,whosemembersincludethePresident,ExecutiveVicePresidentsandDirectorGeneral.TheManagementCommittee,whichincludesexternalexpertsandtheBoardofDirectors,mustapprovetheplan,thenthepresidentfinalizesitanddecidesonthebudgetallocation. ThefinancialchartofSVM/HU’sandDVM/OU’stotalexpendituresandrevenuesisshowninAppendix 9 aswellasinTable2.1.1-2.1.3.2.1.2.DegreeofautonomyoftheEstablishmentonthefinancialprocess Sapporo ThesubsidiesforNationalUniversitiesareallocatedfromtheuniversity’sHeadquarterstotheSVM/HU.Thesesubsidiescanbeusedforavarietyofactivitiesineducationandresearch.TheSVM/HUdeanisresponsibleformakingthebudgetplanforboththefacultyandGraduateSchools.ObihiroThesubsidiesforNationalUniversitiesareallocatedtotheDVM/HU.Thesesubsidiescanbeusedforavarietyofactivitiesineducationandresearch.TheDVM/HUdeanhasafairamountoffreedomwithwhichtoplanthebudgetfromthesesubsidies.2.1.3.%ofoverheadtobepaidtotheofficialauthorityoverseeingtheEstablishmentonrevenuesfromservicesandresearchgrants SapporoTheHUheadquaterstakesfive%oftheincomefromtheVTHthroughthefaculty.Ninety-five%oftheVTH’sincomeisusedforoperatingandmanagingtheVTH.Theoverheadpercentageforeachresearchgrantvaries,dependingongrantrulesandcangoupto30%(the
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Universityandveterinaryschooltake50%oftheoverhead,each).ObihiroThepercentageofoverheadtobepaidtotheUniversityisasfollows:researchfunding(30%)andclinicalanddiagnosticservice(0%,nooverhead).2.1.4.Annualtuitionfeefornationalandinternationalstudents Ingeneral,theannualtuitionfeeforanationaluniversityinJapanissetbyeachuniversity,basedonthestandardamountstipulatedinArticle2oftheMinisterialOrdinanceonTuitionandOtherExpensesatNationalUniversities,undertheprovisionsofArticle22-3oftheNationalUniversityCorporationAct(ActNo.112of2003).TheannualtuitionfeesforHUandOUarebasedonthisstandard.Theannualtuitionfeeforundergraduatestudentsisapprox.4,228euros(535,800yen),regardlessofnationality. 2.1.5.Estimationoftheutilitiesandotherexpendituresdirectlypaidbytheofficialauthorityandnotincludedintheexpendituretables SapporoMostoftheestateandbuildingsintheVeterinaryUnitofHUaremaintainedbycentralfundsfromtheHU,andtheutilitycostsarepaiddirectlybytheestablishment’sAccountsSection.Thesecostsareincludedintheexpendituretables.Theutilitycostsforwater,electricityandgasin2017were50,096.16euros(6,347,184yen),526,857.09euros(66,752,793yen)and52,380.39euros(6,636,596yen),respectively. ObihiroMostoftheestateandthebuildingsaremaintainedbycentralfundsandfacilitymaintenancefees(includingrepairs,utilities,waterpurificationandcleaning)arepaiddirectlybytheofficialauthority.Thesecostsareincludedintheuniversity’soverallbudget.2.1.6.Listoftheon-goingandplannedmajorinvestmentsfordeveloping,improvingand/orrefurbishingfacilitiesandequipment,andoriginofthefunding Sapporo1)Ongoinginvestments・Quantitativereal-timePCRsystemandliquid
chromatography-massspectrometry(LC-MS)fortheestablishmentofCenterforDiagnosisandDiseaseControl(GrantfromMEXTforWorld-leadingInnovativeandSmartEducationProgram).
・ImprovementstotheClinicalSkillsLabs(SubsidyfromMEXTforthePromotionofFunctionalStrength).
・Recruitingnewclinicalandsupportstaffinpreparationfor a 24/7 equine emergency service. (Subsidy fromMEXTforspecialpurposes).
2)Plannedinvestments・Upgradingapaperlessmeetingsystem(Subsidyfrom
MEXTforthePromotionofFunctionalStrength).・Ahigh-fieldmagneticresonanceimaging(3TMRI)is
plannedfortheVTH(VTHincome).3)Completedinvestments
・Renovationofthee-learningroom(45seats,subsidyfromtheGrantfromMEXTforWorld-leadingInnovativeandSmartEducationProgram).
・Researchfacilityforfarmanimals(SubsidyfromMEXTforspecialpurposes).
・Research facility for infectious diseases and chemicalexposure (Subsidy from MEXT for the Promotion ofFunctionalStrength).
・Renovationof theanimal facility (Subsidy fromMEXTforspecialpurposes).Thefacilityincludesanatomyandnecropsyareas.
・Establishment of sixth laboratory room for commonuseofchemicalanalysisequipment.
・Renovationofremotelecturesystem(subsidyfromMEXTfortheSubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan).
・Establishmentofseconde-learningroom(tenseats,subsidyfromtheSubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan).
・Constructionofe-Portfoliosystemforgraduatestudents(GrantsfromMEXTfortheLeadingGraduateSchools).
・Advancedmedicalequipment.CTcoveredbyhospitalincomewhilethefollowingwerepurchasedwithsubsidiesfromMEXT:alinearaccelerator(LINAC),orthovoltageX-raymachine,laparoscopicsurgerysystem,digitalvideorecordingsystemforsurgicalprocedures,cardiacultrasoundmachineandautomatedapheresissystem
・Advancedresearchequipment.ThefollowingwerepurchasedwithsubsidiesfromMEXT:isotope-ratiomassspectrometry(IRMS)system,visualcommunicationsystem,digitalslidescannersystem,ultra-high-resolutionscanningelectronmicroscope,transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM),ionprotonsystemfornext-generationsequencing,cellsorter,confocallaserscanningmicroscope,biologicalcabinetX-rayirradiatorandGermaniumsemiconductordetectorforgamma-rayspectrometry.
Obihiro1) Ongoingandplannedinvestments・FormationofEducationandResearchCenterforFood
andAnimals(2015-2020)(SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)
・Installationofnewelectronicmedicalrecordsystemforthelargeanimalclinic
・ImprovementstotheClinicalSkillsLabs,15,153.91euros(1,920,000yen)(2018-2019)
2) Completedinvestments・Facilitationofclinicswithmodernclinicalequipment,
includinganMRIandCTforlargeandsmallanimals(2013-2015,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)
・ConstructionofAnatomyandNecropsyfacilities(2014,SubsidiesforNationalUniversities,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)
・ConstructionofaDiagnosticCenterforAnimalHealthandFoodSafety(2014-2015,SubsidiesforNationalUniversities,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)
・ConstructionofaLargeAnimalClinic(LAC),
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hospitalizationwardforlargeanimalsandisolationunitforlargeandsmallanimals(2014-2015,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)
・RecruitingnewclinicalandsupportstaffforstrengthenLACclinicalserviceincluding24/7equineemergencyservice.
・Equipementsforaspay/neuterservice ・ISO/IEC17025foraDiagnosticCenterandOIE
referencelaboratoriesfortheNationalResearchCenterforProtozoanDiseases(2016,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)
・FSSC22000,ISO22000(2014-2016,FoodManagementSystemandFoodProcessing)forUniversityFarm(SubsidiesforNationalUniversities)
・On-campus accommodation facility for HU students(2016,SubsidiesforNationalUniversities)
2.1.7.Prospectedexpendituresandrevenuesforthenext3academicyears SapporoThemaintenancecostswillincreasebecauseoftheabove-mentionedconstructionprojects.TheVTHwillemployfivemoreassociateprofessorsin2019tostrengthentheclinicalserviceandeducation.Accordingly,thepersonnelcostswillincreaseinnext3years.TheamountoffundingfromtheJapanesegovernmentandMEXTfortheuniversity(‘Publicauthorities’inTable2.1.2)isprojectedtodecreaseby1.6%peryearinthenextfiveyearsforHokkaidoUniversity. Otherrevenuesourcesareasfollows:TworevenuesourcesfromMEXTwereobtainedin2018. Therevenuein2018was2,196,353.59euros
(278,278,000yen)forthedoctoralprogrammeinWorld-leadingInnovative&SmartEducation(2018-2024);theamountmaychangeinthefollowingyears.
FortheprojectsusingtheOfficialSubsidyforthePromotionofFunctionalStrength(2018-2021),therevenuein2018was793,804.26euros(100,575,000yen)andtheamountmaychangeinthefollowingyears.
ObihiroTheprospectedmajorrevenuesforDVM/OUarederivedfromthefollowingsources:・TheSubsidyforNationalUniversityReform
(PromotionofmanagementreformofNationalUniversityCooperation),1,031,633.78euros(130,708,000yen)(2018-2021).
・TheSubsidyfortheFormationoftheEducationandResearchCenterforFoodandAnimalHealth,14,546,006.31euros(1,842,979,000yen)(2016–2021),4,805,966.85euros(608,916,000yen)(2018-2021)willbeallocatedtoveterinaryeducationandresearch.
・Externalservicesprovidedbytheuniversity,including
thetuitionfee,smallandlargeanimalclinics,diagnosticserviceandsalesofagriculturalproducts.
・Inadditiontothefundingabove,theacademicstaffwillobtaingovernmentand/orprivateresearchfunds(seedetailinTable10.1.5).
2.1.8.Descriptionofhowandbywhoexpenditures,investmentsandrevenuesaredecided,communicatedtostaff,studentsandstakeholders,implemented,assessedandrevised SapporoTheSVM/HUdeandraftsthefinancialplanfortheestablishment,whichincludedanactionplanforasix-yearterm(thecurrenttermbeing2016-2021).TheplanisdiscussedandapprovedattheFacultyMeeting.TheplanissubmittedtotheuniversityandundergoesthebudgetappraisalprocessintheExecutive’soffice.ThedeanalsomakesadraftoftheannualbudgetandsettlementandthensendsittotheBudgetCommittee,whichconsistsofacademicandsupportstaff.ItisthenapprovedbythoseattheFacultyMeeting.ThebudgetisreviewedattheFacultyAssembly.TheVTHdirectorisresponsiblefordraftingthebudgetfortheVTHandsendingittotheAnimalHospitalSteeringCommittee,whichmeetsthreetimesayear.Thecommitteediscussesanddecidesonthebudget.TheFacultyMeetingreviewsandapprovestheVTHbudget.TheVTHmeeting,whichconsistsofaround20facultymembersfromtheClinicalDivisionandmeetsmonthly,reviewsthebudgetexecutionandpossibleimprovementstoit.TheVTHclinicalpracticeprofitsareusedtocoverVTHexpensesandmanagement;therefore,itsfinancialconditionisself-sufficient.Onceayear,theuniversityopensthefinancialreportstothepubliconitswebsiteandinabrochure(http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/pr/johokokai/pub/22jo/finance/).Thedetailedbudgetandsettlementreportforeachfacultyisalsocirculatedamongstfacultymembersandsupportstaffbutnotprovidedtothestudents.ObihiroAbudgetplan,includingexpenditures,investmentsandrevenues,isdeterminedbytheExecutiveOfficewhichconsistsofthepresident,executivevicedirectorsanddirectorgeneral,andtheFinancialSection.Itconsiderstheuniversity’smasterplanandthenatureofitsbudgetaswellasthebudgetrequestsfromfaculties,departmentsandothersections.Theinformationpertainingtoannualexpenditures,investmentsandrevenuesispresentedinayearlyfinancialreportbytheFinancialSectiontoprovideabroaderfinancialpicture.TheManagementCommitteeanalysesitandthen theDivisionHeadCommitteeapprovesit.Thereportisopentothepublicandcanbedownloadedviatheinternet(https://www.obihiro.ac.jp/corporation-info-finance).
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Table2.1.1.Annualexpendituresduringthelast3academicyears(inEuros) (Appendix9)1Euro=126.7Yen
Sapporo Areaofexpenditures 2018* 2017 2016 MeanPersonnel(permanent) 4,826,305.44 5,031,977.20 4,697,692.99 4,851,991.88 Personnel(temporary) 1,824,363.89 2,122,926.95 1,475,014.99 1,807,435.28 Operatingcosts 7,289,825.92 11,749,518.38 6,591,875.15 8,543,739.82 Maintenancecosts 285,914.42 219,288.65 625,316.29 376,839.79 Equipment 1,775,367.01 725,725.82 774,545.87 1,091,879.57 Totalexpenditures 16,001,776.68 19,849,437.00 14,164,445.29 16,671,886.34 Obihiro
Areaofexpenditures 2018* 2017 2016 MeanPersonnel 4,360,377.76 5,024,464.93 4,919,437.81 4,768,093.50 Operatingcosts 2,903,534.18 3,260,144.35 3,043,923.65 3,069,200.73Maintenancecosts 144,675.36 273,736.50 165,641.25 194,684.37 Equipment 205,205.19 239,724.59 301,004.40 248,644.73 Totalexpenditures 7,613,792.49 8,798,070.37 8,430,007.11 8,280,623.33
Valuesareroundedtotheclosestwholenumber. Themeanofthetotalexpendituresiscalculatedasthesumofthemeanofthethreeyears. *Thedataof2018isroughestimate.ThefixeddatawillbeprovidedafterthesettlementdateofFY2018.Table2.1.2.Annualrevenuesduringthelast3academicyears(inEuros)(Appendix9) 1Euro=126.7YenSapporo Revenuessource 2018*3 2017 2016 MeanPublicauthorities*1 6,817,384.74 13,198,971.35 5,156,005.64 8,390,787.24 Clinicalservices 3,049,616.00 3,046,378.60 3,147,011.92 3,081,002.17 Diagnosticservices 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Otherservices 2,123,657.62 2,060,495.16 2,342,501.64 2,175,551.47 Researchgrants 3,877,541.65 3,348,618.78 3,459,823.40 3,561,994.61 ContinuingEducation*2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Donations 298,333.58 414,583.01 354,617.52 355,844.70Othersources(balancecarriedforwardfromthepreviousyear,etc) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Totalrevenues 16,166,533.59 22,069,046.90 14,459,960.12 17,565,180.19 Obihiro
Revenuessource 2018*3 2017 2016 MeanPublicauthorities 4,931,579.71 5,992,725.24 5,184,299.10 5,369,534.68 Tuitionfee(standardstudents) 1,163,295.75 1,164,272.83 1,112,286.49 1,146,618.36 Clinicalservices 744,599.00 643,133.54 553,548.65 647,093.73 Diagnosticservices 59,124.44 59,709.08 54,616.42 57,816.65 Otherservices 134,439.68 498,557.16 434,562.96 355,853.27 Researchgrants 1,214,870.64 1,417,081.97 1,197,942.60 1,276,631.74 ContinuingEducation*2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Donations 603,607.98 631,664.61 645,812.63 627,028.41 Othersources(balancecarriedforwardfromthepreviousyear,etc) 0.00 0.00 215,193.77 71,731.26
Totalrevenues 8,851,517.20 10,407,144.43 9,398,262.62 9,552,308.10 Valuesareroundedtotheclosestwholenumber. Themeanofthetotalexpendituresiscalculatedasthesumofthemeanofthethreeyears.*1:Thisrevenueincludesthepersonnelcosts,tuitionfeeandpartsoftheSubsidiesforNationalUniversities,allofwhichareallocated
fromHUHeadquarterstotheSVM/HU.*2:NochargesforthecontinuingeducationthatSVM/HUandOUoffer. *3:Thedataof2018isroughestimate.ThefixeddatawillbeprovidedafterthesettlementdateofFY2018.
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Table2.1.3.Annualbalancebetweenexpendituresandrevenues(inEuros)(Appendix9)
1Euro=126.7YenSapporo Academicyear Totalexpenditures Totalrevenues Balance2018* 16,001,776.68 16,166,533.58 164,756.90 2017 19,849,437.01 22,069,046.90 2,219,609.89 2016 14,164,445.30 14,459,960.12 295,514.82
Obihiro Academicyear Totalexpenditures Totalrevenues Balance2018* 7,613,792.49 8,851,517.19 1,237,724.702017 8,798,070.36 10,407,144.42 1,609,074.062016 8,430,007.10 9,398,262.62 968,255.52 *Thedataof2018isroughestimate.ThefixeddatawillbeprovidedafterthesettlementdateofFY2018.
2.2. Comments MEXTprovidedfinancialsupportbyallocatingthe“SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan”fortheVNJtoimprovetheveterinaryeducationonboththelocalandinternationallevel(FY2012-2017).SVM/HU:10,158,934.49euros,OU:8,891,539euros,respectively.Thefundwasusedtoinstallthelatesteducationalfacilities(includingtheequipmentforclinicalservices,IT-relatedimprovements,suchasthedevelopmentofbi-directionalremotelecturesystemande-learningsystem),purchaseresearchequipmentanddeveloptheeducationalenvironment.
Thefundwasprovideduntilthefiscalyear2017.BothSVM/HUandOUacquiretheanotherpublicfundingtoaffecttheforsufficientrunningcostsofequipment,personnelcosts,transportationandaccommodationforstaffandstudents,thosearerequiredforsustainingtheprogramme. 2.3. Suggestions for improvement ThegradualdeclineintheMEXTsubsidiestothenationaluniversitiesisexpectedtocontinueinthefuture. Therefore,thefacultymustcontinuetoobtaininternalandexternalfundsformaintainingthequalityofeducationandresearch.
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Standard 3: Curriculum 3.1. Factual Information (Findings) 3.1.1.DescriptionoftheeducationalaimsandstrategyinordertoproposeacohesiveframeworkandtoachievethelearningoutcomeEducationalAimsTheVNJprogrammeaimstoprovideaworld-classveterinaryeducationbyjoiningthehighereducationfacultiesandfacilitiesofHUandOU.TheVNJprogrammecombinesthestrengthsandadvantagesofthetwoveterinaryschools.Theideaofthisuniquecooperativeeducationprogrammeisbasedonacomplementaryteachingframeworkthatrespondstowiderpublicinterests.Itisunderpinnedbythestrengthsanddistinctivenessoftheeducationalandresearchresourcesateachoftheuniversities. Ourmissionistobenefitsocietyandtheenvironmentbyprovidingveterinaryprofessionalswithasolidfoundationofknowledge,skillsandethics.Theywillcontributetothepromotionofthehealthandwelfareofbothanimalsandhumans.OurprimaryeducationalobjectivesaredescribedinStandard1. VNJ’sdiplomapolicyWetrainourstudentstobeveterinarianswithafirmsenseofmission,ethicalperspective,intelligence,creativityandhumanity:・Theywillacquireknowledgeandtechniquesforthe
preventionof,aswellasfordiagnosticsandtherapeuticsagainst,animaldiseases,andforpromotionofanimalandpublichealth.
・Theywillacquireknowledgeandtechniquesformaintainingastablefoodsuppliesandsafetyaswellaspreventinginternationaltransboundaryanimaldiseases.
・Theywillacquireknowledgeandtechniquesthatwillplacethemattheleadingedgeoflifesciencesandveterinarymedicineresearch.
GlobalEducationalStrategyThesix-yearcurriculumwasbuilttopreparestudentsforveterinaryroles,asdefinedinthecompetency-basedframework.OurcohesiveframeworkhelpstheVNJcurriculumachieveourlearningoutcomesandconsistsoffivepillars.1. VeterinaryMedicineModelCoreCurriculum
(VMMCC)(Appendix 10)TheVMMCCisacomprehensivesubject-specificlearningoutcomecatalogue(https://www.jaeve.org/cur/).Itcovers51theoreticalsubjectsand19practicalsubjects,whichcorrespondtotwo-thirdsoftheentireveterinarycurriculum.TheVNJcurriculumadherestotheVMMCC,asitguidestheminimumrequirementsofstandardeducationstudentsmustmeetbygraduation.ThelearningoutcomesstatementintheVMMCCrepresentsthecapabilitiesandcompetenciesexpectedofeverygraduateofveterinaryschoolsinJapan.Implementing
theVMMCCisonemethodofqualityassuranceinveterinaryeducation. OurcorecurriculumisdesignedinaccordancewithVMMCCandEU-listedsubjectstoachievetheESEVTDayOneCompetences(Table3.1.2,Appendix 11 and 12).2. VeterinaryCommonAchievementTest(VCAT)TheVCATisanationallydefinedveterinarycommonachievementtest,whichhasbeenimplementedbythenon-profitorganisationVeterinaryEducationSupportOrganisation(vetESO)since2017toqualifyveterinarystudents’preclinicalcompetencies.ThevetESOprovidesandoverseesafair,standardizedformatforassessingpre-clinicalcompetencies.Thetestisheldpriortotheclinicalyears(Year5),andemploysbothComputer-BasedTesting(vetCBT,atotalof300multiplechoicequestions)toassessknowledgeandObjectiveStructuredClinicalEvaluation(vetOSCE)toassessbasicclinicalskills.StudentswhopasstheVCATcanparticipateinclinicalrotations.TheVCATinformationisavailabletothepublic. vetESO:http://veteso.or.jp/exam/index.html3. ComplementaryClinicalRotationsAshortageoflargeanimalcasesatveterinaryschoolsinurbanareashasbecomeachallengeinJapaneseveterinaryeducation,andtheoppositesituationisobservedinveterinaryschoolslocatedinsmallpopulationareas.Asdescribedin“Introduction”and“Standard1”,weoperateauniquerotationsystem,whichtakesadvantageofeachuniversity'slocation,specialties,strengthsandcharacteristicsforourstudents. HU’sVTHreceivesmanycompanionanimalcases(thesecondlargestcaseloadinJapanesenationalveterinaryschools).Thecaseloadforfood-producinganimalsandequinesatOUVTHisthelargestamongVTHsofnationalveterinaryschoolsinJapan.OU’sVTHforsmallanimalsacceptsmanyprimarycasesinadditiontoreferralcases.Thiscomplementaryclinicalrotationrequiresthemovementofstudentsbetweenthetwocities. 4. TutorialResearchResearch-basedlearningengagesstudentsindiscovery-oriented,activelearningandproblem-solvingandhelpsthemtodeveloplogical,critical-thinkingandcommunicationskills.Throughthisadvancedcourse,studentsacquireskillsinbasicandadvancedresearchmethods/techniques,scientificwriting,presentationanddiscussion.Theirthesesandoralpresentationsarereviewedandevaluatedbytheacademicstaffmembers.Thebenefitsofthisexperiencearenotspecifictolaboratoryresearchandareexpectedtohelpthestudentstocultivatelifelonglearningskillsinallveterinarydisciplines. 5. Third-PartyQualityAssuranceEvaluation&
InternationallyStandardizedVeterinaryEducationToensurethequalityofoureducation,wewillapplyveterinary-specializedQAinadditiontoperiodicalexternalQAatinstitutionallevels.Toprovideahigh-qualityeducationforourstudents,wewillcontinueto
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improvethefacilities,educationalresourcesandqualityofteachingandlearningaswellastheprogramme.TheVNJprogrammehasbeenrefinedoverseveralyearstomeetnationalandinternationalstandardsincludingEUDirective2005/36/EC.Assessinglearningoutcomesiscriticaltoensuringourgraduates’competencies.InadditiontothesummativeandformativeassessmentofeachsubjectandtheVCAT,thenationalexaminationforveterinarylicence(JuishiKokkaShiken)offersafinalassessmentofveterinaryeducation.Theexaminationispaper-basedandconductedovertwodaysbyMAFF.Applicantswhocompleteundergraduateveterinaryeducationcantaketheexamination.Thosewhopassthisexaminationaregrantedanationallicenceforveterinariansandqualifyforfurtherprofessionaltraining. 3.1.2.Descriptionofthelegalconstraintsimposedoncurriculumbynational/regionallegislationsandthedegreeofautonomythattheEstablishmenthastochangethecurriculum Veterinaryeducationmustbecomprisedofsixyearsofstudy,asestablishedbytheBasicActonEducation.TheStandardsfortheEstablishmentofUniversities(SEU)statesthatatotalof182creditsistheminimumrequirementforgraduationinveterinaryeducationandthattheuniversityisautonomousindevelopingitscurriculumandcontent. InNovember2008,MEXTrevisedtheStandardsfortheEstablishmentofUniversities.Alegalframeworkcalledthe“CooperativeEducationProgram”wascreatedtoallowmultipleuniversitiestoprovideeachotherwitheducationalresourcesandtomakeitpossibletoutilizesuchresourceseffectively(MEXTOrdinanceNo.35,2008). Inadditiontosuchnationallegislation,approximately70%oftheeducationatveterinaryschoolsmustadheretotheVMMCC(see3.1.1).Theremaindercanbecomposedofsubjectsthatutilizethespecificstrengthsandsocialneedsofeachuniversity.ThecurrentVNJcurriculum(Curriculum2012)consistsof200credits(correspondingto360ECTS),whichcomplieswiththeVMMCC.HUoffers44creditsandOUoffers38creditsinthecooperativeeducationprogramme.Thelistofallcoresubjects(Appendix11)andtheVNJcurriculummapareshowninFigure3.1. 3.1.3.Descriptionofhowcurricularoverlaps,redundancies,omissionsandlackofconsistency,transversalityand/orintegrationofthecurriculumareidentifiedandcorrected. Becauseaveterinarycurriculumconsistsofagreatdealofcontentandishighlyintegratedacrossdisciplines,curricularproblemscanbedifficulttoaccuratelydetect. Curricularoverlaps,redundancy,omissionsandinconsistencieswerediscussedbytheVNJacademicstaffaspartoftheinitialcurriculumdevelopment.
Curriculummappingalsohelpstounderstandthevertical,horizontal,disciplinaryandinterdisciplinarycoherenceofthecurriculum(Figure3.1).Itisalsousefulforidentifyinghoweachlearningoutcomeisassessedatthedifferentstagesofthecurriculum. Academicstaffcanaccessthesyllabi(Appendix 13)andeducationalcontentofotherrelatedclassesontheVetPortalwebsite,aweb-basedclasssupportingsystem(seedetailinStandard6).Byusingthekeywordsearchfunction,academicstaffcanretrieveasetofsearchresultstoidentifypossibleoverlapsandomissionsintheirclasscontent.Theacademicstafffindssuchproblems,andthentheycoordinatetoresolvesuchissueswiththerelevantstaffandcounterparts. SeriousproblemsarereportedtotheAcademicAffairsCommitteeandtheProgrammeExecutiveBoardtodiscussaresolution.CurricularproblemsaresharedattheFacultyMeetingofeachuniversityandattheannualVNJJointFacultyAssembly.Studentfeedbackisanimportantsourceforidentifyingunnecessaryoverlapsorotherproblemsinthecurriculum.Thecommentsonstudentevaluationsarereleasedtoeachfacultymemberandareusedasoneofthetoolsforcurriculumimprovement.Thecourse/subjectcoordinatorhastheresponsibilitytominimizeoverlapsandconsistencyissues.Thecurriculum’scontent,designandsubjectallocationaretheresponsibilityoftheAcademicAffairsCommittee,whichmeetsmonthlytodiscussandreviewthecurriculum. 3.1.4.Descriptionofthecoreclinicalexercises/practicals/seminarspriortothestartoftheclinicalrotations Year1InsubjectsofIntroductoryeducationforveterinarymedicine,studentslearnhandlingandrestraint,animalbehaviourofmajordomesticanimalspecies(cattle,pig,sheep,horse,poultry),farmbiosecurity,milking,theslaughterprocessofpigs,andfoodprocessingofdairyandmeatproducts. Year2-5Theclinicaltrainingthattakesplacebeforetheclinicalrotation. ClinicalExaminationTraining:bloodtests(bloodcelltests,biochemicaltests,andendocrinetests),urine,faecal,biopsy,cardiacfunction,dermatologicalandneurologicaltestsDiagnosticImagingTraining:diagnosticimagingmethodsincludingX-rays,ultrasound,MRIandCT InternalMedicineTraining:diagnosticprocedures,historytaking,physicalexaminations,properuseofvariousclinicalexaminations,medicalrecords,informedconsent,drugadministrationmethodsandmajorclinicalsignsanddifferentialdiagnosesforrepresentativediseasesofcardiovascular,respiratory,gastrointestinal,urological,
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integumentary,endocrine,blood,skeletalandnervoussystems/organsSurgeryTraining:preparationforsurgery,ligatureandclosuretechniques,anaesthesia,skinincisiontechniques,intra-abdominalsurgerytechniques,orthopaedicexaminationtechniques,bandagingtechniquesandfracturerepairtechniques,andhooftrimmingforfarmanimals(cattle).TheriogenologyTraining:rectalpalpation,artificialinsemination,oestrusdetection,pregnancydiagnosis,genitaldiseasediagnostictechniquesforfarmanimals(cattle/horses),embryocollectionandtransfer,vaginalcytology,andgenitaldiseasediagnostictechniquesandreproductivemanagementincludinganalysisofreproductiverecords.CommunicationTraining:basictheoryofcommunicationskills,historytaking,clientcommunicationinsmallandlargeanimalpractices,communicationwithco-medicalsandcolleagues. 3.1.5.Descriptionofthecoreclinicalrotationsandemergencyservicesandthedirectinvolvementofundergraduatestudentsinit1. Timing,groupsizeperteacherofcoreclinicalrotation
(seeclinicalrotationtable(p23)andAppendix 14)
Smallanimals(6weeks,6credits) (Sixweeksintotal:FourweeksatHU’sVTHandtwoweeksattheVTHofeachlocation)InYearFive,eightgroupsofstudents(maximumoftenpergroup)joinaclinicalrotationthroughtwodepartments(InternalMedicineandSurgery)atHU’sVTHforfourweeks.Atotaloffourteenfacultiesfrombothdepartmentssupervisethem(roughlyonestudentperfacultymember).AnadditionaltwoweeksareallocatedinYearSix.Largeanimals(4weeks,4credits) (Fourweekstotal: threeweeksatOU’sVTHandmobileclinicsandoneweekateachlocation)StudentsinYear5(40studentsfromHUand40studentsfromOU)musttakeparticipatoryclinicaltrainingforfarmanimals(dairycattle,beefcattle,horses,sheepandpigs).Thesizeofthegroupsisvariabledependingontheregisterednumberofstudents.Ingeneral,oneortwoclinicalstaffmember(s)takecareofonegroupsoffivetosevenstudents.Sometimesgroupsaresubdividedinclinicalrotation.Theaveragegroupsizeisthreetofourperoneclinicalstaffmember.Theyrotatethroughinternalmedicine,surgeryandtheriogenologyforfarmanimals.Eachacademicstaffmembersupervisesonetothreestudentsandthestudentscompletethreeweeks(3credits).AnadditionalweekisallocatedinYear5or6.Nightduty/emergency(2credits)Companionanimals:1.5credits Thenight/emergencydutyisconductedatintramural(HUVTH)andextramuralprivateclinic(alocalprivate
clinic,SapporoNightAnimalHospitalEmergencyandCriticalCare).StudentsworkfortwonightsatHU’sVTH(twostudentsperacademicstaffmemberandoneveterinarytechnician)andonenightattheprivateclinic.Oneacademicstaffmembertakestwostudentstotheclinic. Largeanimals:0.5creditsInadditiontothedailyduties,studentsparticipateinnightandemergencyservices.Emergencyrotation(threedays)isintegratedinthe4weeksoflargeanimalclinicalrotation.Studentsarerequiredtodonightdutyforonenight.Studentsareinvolvedinmonitoringthestatusofhospitalisedanimalsaswellasinemergencycares.Facultymembersandveterinariansondutysupervisethem.Adegreeofhands-onexperienceasopposedtoobservationisvariable,dependingonthecase.Weprovideasimulationcaseconferenceincasethatstudentsarenotexposedtoasufficientnumberofemergencycases. 2. ActivitiesandresponsibilitiesDuringtheirclinicalrotation,studentsparticipateinalltheworkattheVTH,underthesupervisionofveterinaryfacultyandotherstaffmembers.Theactivitiesandresponsibilitiesofstudentsvarybetweendepartmentsandclinicalservicesandshouldbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththe“GuidelinesforStudentsActivitiesinParticipatoryClinicalRotation”.Clinicalproceduresarecategorizedintothreelevels,dependingoninvasiveness:level1,low-invasiveclinicalprocedures,aretobeperformedbyordinary-levelstudents;level2,moderatelyinvasiveclinicalprocedures,aretobeperformedonlybyselected,capablestudents;andlevel3,highlyinvasiveprocedures,shouldnotbeperformedbystudents.Studentsperformtheseactivitiesunderthefaculty’sdirectandcarefulsupervision.
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Tutoria
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3.1.6.Descriptionoftheteachinginslaughterhousesandinpremisesfortheproduction,processing,distribution/saleorconsumptionoffoodofanimalorigin Intra-muralOUhasitsownslaughterhouseandfoodprocessingfacilitiesoncampus(seedetailin4.1.4,p27). Fortheveterinarycurriculum,weusethesefacilitiesforthefollowingsubjects:SeminarinAgricultureandFarmAnimalScience(Year1)andPracticeinMeatHygiene(Year5).Duringthefirstyear,studentslearnabouttheslaughteringandmeatprocessingofpigs(40studentsperfourorsixacademicstaffmembers+fivetosixsupportstaffmembersincludingTA). Duringtherotationintheninthsemester(Year5),groupsoffivetotenstudentsperacademicstaffmemberundertakeoneweekoftraininginmeatinspection,includingcattleslaughtering,ante-andpost-morteminspections,microbiologicaltests,toxicologicaltests,pathologicalanalysesandBSEtests.ThetrainingisheldattheslaughterhouseandfoodprocessingpracticefacilityatOU.Extra-muralExcursionstopublicslaughterhousesandmeatprocessingplants,milkprocessingplantsoflocalprivatecompaniesandrenderingfacilitiesareconductedinpublichealthandfoodhygienecoursesduringthethirdandfourthyears(approximately40studentsheadedbytwofacultymembers). Underthecontractwithoneofthebiggestfoodcompany,students(Year3)areallowedtovisitthecommercialmegafarmsofpigandpoultry,slaughterhouse,andfoodprocessingplantsin“PracticeinAnimalHygiene”course.Thegroupsizeis13-14studentswithtwoacademicstaffmembers.UtilizingtheinternshipprogramofHokkaidoprefecture,westartedEPTofmeathygieneinspectionatthetwoslaughterhousesofHokkaidoprefecturein2018.Year5or6studentswhopassedtheVCATvisitedtheslaughterhousesandexperiencedthemeatinspection(cattleandpig)fortwodaysundertheguidanceoftheveterinaryspecialistsattheslaughterhouses.Althoughthecapacityislimited,atotalof13studentswereacceptedforthisFSQEPT. 3.1.7.DescriptionoftheselectionproceduresoftheElectivesbythestudentsandthedegreeoffreedomintheirchoiceTheVNJprogrammedoesnothaveatracksystem.Instead,weprovidestudentsAdvancedSeminars(Appendix 15)aselectivesubjectsinsixveterinaryfieldsincludingBasicVeterinaryMedicine,AppliedVeterinaryMedicine,Pathobiology,PublicHealth/FoodHygiene,ClinicalVeterinarySciences,InternationalVeterinaryMedicine.Studentschooseatleastoneseminar.Theseseminarsgivethemadeeperbackgroundinspecializedfieldsandenablethemtohavemorechoicesfortheirfuturecareers.
Studentshaveafairamountoffreedominchoosingmostoftheelectivesubjects.Somesubjects/coursesinAdvancedSeminarshaveafixednumberofparticipantsduetothelimitationsofequipmentorthecapacitiesoftheroomandstaff.Iftoomanystudentsselectonespecificsubject/course,thenthesubject/coursecoordinatorwilladjustthenumberofstudentsorarrangetoallocatestudentstoothersubjects.Ingeneral,theselectionofstudentsisbasedontheiracademicrecordsandinterests. 3.1.8.Descriptionoftheorganisation,selectionproceduresandsupervisionoftheEPT TheobligatoryEPTisa1credit(corresponding1week,45hourworkingload)self-directedandself-plannedinternship.Studentsarefreetochooseasupervisorandthelocationofexternalplacements.TheinformationoftheEPT/internshipisalsoprovidedbyanEPTlist,byanemail,VetPortal,oronabulletinboard.Therelevantsections(theAcademicAffairsSectionatSVM/HU,theStudentServicesSectionatOU)helpsstudentstofindanEPTplacement.Theacademicstaffalsoadvisestudents,basedontheirexpertise.OncestudentsselectasupervisorandlocationforEPT,theymustsubmitanEPTapplicationtotheacademicaffairsectionofeachuniversity.InadditiontotheobligatoryEPT,ourstudentsproactivelyjoinavarietyofinternshipprogrammestogainreal-lifeworkexperience. 3.1.9Descriptionoftheproceduresusedtoascertaintheachievementofeachcorepractical/clinicalactivitybyeachstudent ThecoresubjectsaredesignedtoobtainDayOneCompetences(Appendix11, 12). Differentproceduresareusedtoevaluatestudents’achievements,dependingonthenatureofthelearningoutcomesbeingassessed:1. Paper-basedassessmentsincludemultiplechoice
questions,shortanswertests,problem-solvingquestionsandessays/writtenreports.
2. Practicaltestsincludespottests,oralquestionsandperformance(skill)tests.Students’learningbehaviourisalsoconsidered.
3. Thereareoralpresentationsofindividualorgroupwork,groupdiscussions,andcasepresentations.
Duringtheclinicalrotation,therearemultipleproceduresforevaluatingeachstudent’sachievement:1. Logbooks(Appendix 16a) 2. Students’learningbehaviour3. Answerstooralquestions4. CaseLog(Appendix16b) 5. Rounddiscussion(twiceaweek) 6. Caseconference(onceaweek)7. Self-evaluationRecordofclinicalcompetences(which
willbeintroducedforYear5studentsin2019)(Appendix16c).
3.1.10.Descriptionofhowandbywhothecorecurriculumisdecided,communicatedtostaff,studentsandstakeholders,implemented,assessedandrevised
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Minorrevision(subjectlevel)Minorrevisionateachsubjectlevelisroutinelyimplementedbysubjectteachersduringacademicyear.SubjectCoordinatorisresponsibleforupdatingstudentsbyVetPortal,onlinesyllabus,orbyemail.Majorrevision(curriculumlevel)ThepresentVNJcurriculum(Curriculum2012)wasfirstdiscussedbetweentheacademicstaffmembersinthesamedisciplinesatbothuniversities.Detailspertainingtotheprogramme,suchastheeducationalcontent,settingsubjects,subjectallocation,ratiooflecturestoHands-ontrainingandtimetablesforeachyeargroup,werediscussedandfinalizedbythelocalandjointAcademicAffairsCom
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