seminar 1024

OpenVMS System Management Techniques, Tools, and Tricks

Pre-Symposium Seminar 1024 HP ETS 2002 - St Louis, MO Slide 1

Seminar 1024

David J. Dachteradjesys@fsi.net

DJE Systemshttp://www.djesys.com/

Agenda

Basic DCL ConceptsCommands

Command Procedures

Symbols

Flow Control (IF, GOTO, GOSUB, CALL)

Useful Lexical Functions

Agenda

Logical namesLogical name tables

Logical name table search orderModifying the search order

Logical name typesSingle Translation

Search list

“Rooted” (Concealed) logical names

Lexical Function CaveatF$TRNLNM() differs from F$LOGICAL()

Agenda

Logical names, cont’dCluster-wide logical names

Caveats

SYS$COMMON NotesCaveats (VMS$COMMON)

Site-Specific PathsOrganizing local system management

Agenda

Network TopicsTCP/IP

TCP/IP Services (fka UCX)

Multinet

TCPware

CMU/IP (VAX only)

DECnetAccess control

FAL logging

Agenda

Network Topics, cont’dRemote procedures

Security concerns

Network AlertsOPCOM alerts for DECnet network

access

OPCOM alerts for FTP network access

Agenda

System StartupSTARTUP phases

STARTUP parameters

Site-Specific startupsLogging SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM

Node-specific startups

Saving a crash dump at start-up time

Soft-coding # of logins allowed at startup

SYSMAN and STARTUP

Agenda

System ShutdownSHUTDOWN parameters

SHUTDOWN$xxxx logical names

AUTOGEN ShutdownsAGEN$SHUTDOWN_TIME logical name

Cluster ShutdownREMOVE_NODE

Using SYSMAN

Agenda

System/Startup File CaveatsDeprecated Lexical Functions

Lexical Function names misspelled

AUTOGENMODPARAMS.DAT

Reports and outputs

Agenda

OpenVMS Management ToolsStorageWorks Command Console (SWCC)

OpenVMS Management Station

AMDSAccessibility Manager for Distributed

Systems

Availability ManagerLike AMDS, runs on MS-Windows

Agenda

OpenVMS SecurityEssentials

UICs and File/Directory Protection

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

Access Control Entries (ACEs)

Rights Identifiers and ACEs

Propagating ACEs and Default Protections

Seminar 1024

Basic DCL

Concepts

Basic DCL Concepts

Command Elements

$ verb parameter_1 parameter_2

DCL commands consist of a verb and one or more parameters.

DCL Command Proc.’s

$ @procedure_name

Top level (or terminal) is DEPTH 0.

Each new command procedure invoked is a new procedure DEPTH.

Maximum depth is still 32.

Parameters

$ @procedure_name p1 p2 p3 … p8

Notes:• Only eight(8) parameters are passed from

the command line, P1 through P8• Parameters with embedded spaces must

be quoted strings.• Parameters are separated by a space.

Parameters, cont’d

$ @procedure_name p1 p2 p3 … p8

Notes, Cont’d:• Reference parameters via the variable

names P1 through P8.• No built-in “shift” function. If you need it,

write it as a GOSUB.

DCL Verbs

Internal commandsASSIGN, CALL, DEFINE, GOSUB, GOTO, IF, RETURN, SET, STOP, others…

External commandsAPPEND, BACKUP, COPY, DELETE, PRINT, RENAME, SET, SUBMIT, others...

DCL Verbs, Cont’d

“Foreign” Commands$ symbol = value

Examples:$ DIR :== DIRECTORY/SIZE=ALL/DATE

$ ZIP :== $ZIP/VMS

Command Qualifiers$ command/qualifier

$ command/qualifier=value

$ command/qualifier=(value,value)

$ command/qualifier=keyword=value

$ command/qualifier=-

(keyword=value,keyword=(value,value))

Non-positional Qualifiers

Apply to the entire command, no matter where they appear.

$ command param1/qual param2

Example:$ COPY A.DAT A.NEW/LOG

$ DELETE/LOG C.TMP;

Positional Qualifiers

Apply only to the object they qualify.

$ command param1/qual=value1 -

param2/qual=value2

Examples:$ PRINT/COPIES=2 RPT1.LIS, RPT2.LIS

$ PRINT RPT1.LIS/COPIES=1,-

RPT2.LIS/COPIES=3

Common Qualifiers

Many commands support a set of common qualifiers:

/BACKUP /BEFORE /CREATED /EXCLUDE /EXPIRED /INCLUDE /MODIFIED /OUTPUT /PAGE /SINCE

See the on-line HELP for specifics.

DCL Statement Elements

$ vbl = value

DCL statements are typically assignments where a variable receives a value.

Assignment Statements

$ vbl = F$lexical_function( params )

Examples:$ FSP = F$SEARCH(“*.TXT”)

$ DFLT = F$ENVIRONMENT (“DEFAULT”)

$ NODE = F$GETSYI(“NODENAME”)

$ vbl = string_expression

Examples:$ A = “String 1 “ + “String 2”

$ B = A - “String “ - “String “

$ C = ‘A’

Maximum string length 255 bytes (<=V7.3)

4096 bytes (>=V7.3-1)

$ vbl = numeric_expression

Examples:$ A = 1

$ B = A +1

$ C = B + A + %X7F25

$ D = %O3776

$ vbl[start_bit,bit_count]=numeric_exp

Examples:$ ESC[0,8]=%X1B

$ CR[0,8]=13

$ LF[0,8]=10

$ FF[0,8]=12

$ CRLF[0,8]=13

$ CRLF[8,8]=10

Assignment Statements$ ESC[0,8]=%X1B

$ SHOW SYMBOL ESC

ESC = "."

$ CR[0,8]=13

$ SHOW SYMBOL CR

CR = "."

$ LF[0,8]=10

$ SHOW SYMBOL LF

LF = "."

Assignment Statements$ FF[0,8]=12

$ SHOW SYMBOL FF

FF = "."

$ CRLF[0,8]=13

$ SHOW SYMBOL CRLF

CRLF = "."

$ CRLF[8,8]=10

$ SHOW SYMBOL CRLF

CRLF = ".."

DCL provides for substring replacement.

$ A := abcde

$ SHOW SYMBOL A

“ABCDE”

$ A[3,2]:=XX

$ SHOW SYMBOL A

“ABCXX”

$ vbl = boolean_expression

Examples:$ MANIA = (“TRUE” .EQS. “FALSE”)

$ TRUE = (1 .EQ. 1)

$ FALSE = (1 .EQ. 0)

$ YES = 1

$ NO = 0

Local Assignment:$ vbl = value

Global Assignment:$ vbl == value

Quoted String:$ vbl = “quoted string”

Case is preserved.

Examples:$ PROMPT = “Press RETURN to continue “

$ INVRSP = “% Invalid response!”

Unquoted string:$ vbl := unquoted string

Case is NOT preserved, becomes uppercase. Leading/trailing spaces are trimmed off.

Examples:$ SAY := Write Sys$Output

$ SYSMAN :== $SYSMAN ! Comment

Foreign Commands

$ vbl := $filespec[ param[ param[ …]]]

“filespec” defaults to SYS$SYSTEM:.EXE

Maximum string length: 510 bytes (<=V7.3)

4096 bytes (>=V7.3-1)

Symbol Scope

SET SYMBOL/SCOPE=NOLOCAL

All “outer” level local symbols are “invisible”

LOCALUndoes NOLOCAL

NOGLOBALAll “outer” level global symbols are

“invisible”

GLOBALUndoes NOGLOBAL

Symbol Scope

SET SYMBOL/GENERAL/SCOPE=xxxx

Specifies that the values of the /SCOPE qualifier pertain to the translation of all symbols except the first token on a command line.

/GENERAL is incompatible with /ALL or /VERB.

Symbol Scope

SET SYMBOL/VERB/SCOPE=xxxx

Specifies that the values of the /SCOPE qualifier pertain to the translation of the first token on a command line as a symbol before processing only. It does not affect general symbol substitution.

/VERB is incompatible with /ALL or /GENERAL.

Symbol Scope

SET SYMBOL/ALL/SCOPE=xxxx

Specifies that the values of the /SCOPE qualifier pertain both to the translation of the first token on a command line and to general symbol substitution.

/ALL is incompatible with /GENERAL or /VERB.

Conditional Expressions

$ IF condition THEN statement

Variations:

$ IF condition THEN $ statement

$ IF condition THEN -

$ statement

$ IF condition

$ THEN

$ statement(s)

$ ENDIF

$ IF condition

$ THEN

$ IF condition

$ THEN

$ statement(s)

$ ENDIF

$ IF condition

$ THEN

$ IF condition

$ THEN

$ statement(s)

$ ENDIF

$ statement(s)

$ ENDIF

$ IF condition

$ THEN statement(s)

$ IF condition

$ THEN

$ statement(s)

$ ENDIF

This may not work in pre-V6 VMS!

$ IF condition

$ THEN

$ statement(s)

$ ELSE

$ statement(s)

$ ENDIF

Labels, GOTO

$ GOTO label_1

$label_1:

GOSUB, RETURN

$ GOSUB label_1

$label_1:

$ statement(s)

$ RETURN

GOSUB, RETURN

Emulate UN*X/DOS shell SHIFT:$SHIFT:

$ P1 = P2

$ P2 = P3

$ P3 = P4

$ P4 = P5

$ P5 = P6

$ P6 = P7

$ P7 = P8

$ P8 = ""

$ RETURN

SUBROUTINE - ENDSUB...

$ CALL label_1[ param[ param[ …]].

$label_1: SUBROUTINE

$ statement(s)

$ END SUBROUTINE

Lexical FunctionsFunctions built into the DCL Lexicon

F$CONTEXT F$CSID F$CVSI F$CVTIME F$CVUI F$DEVICE F$DIRECTORY F$EDIT F$ELEMENT F$ENVIRONMENT F$EXTRACT F$FAO F$FILE_ATTRIBUTES F$GETDVI F$GETJPI F$GETQUI F$GETSYI F$IDENTIFIER F$INTEGER F$LENGTH F$LOCATE F$MESSAGE F$MODE F$PARSE F$PID F$PRIVILEGE F$PROCESS F$SEARCH F$SETPRV F$STRING F$TIME F$TRNLNM F$TYPE F$USER F$VERIFY

Common Lexical Functions$ vbl = F$CVTIME(string[, keyword[, keyword]])

“string” = Absolute time expression

“keyword” = (1st instance) is one of

“ABSOLUTE”, “COMPARISION”, “DELTA”

“keyword” = (2nd instance) is one of “DATE”, “DATETIME”, “DAY”, “MONTH”, “YEAR”, “HOUR”, “MINUTE”, “SECOND”, “HUNDREDTH”, “WEEKDAY”

Common Lexical FunctionsF$CVTIME(), Continued…

Defaults:

$ vbl = F$CVTIME(string, -

”COMPARISON”, -

”DATETIME” )

Pre-defined date strings:

TODAY, YESTERDAY, TOMORROW, BOOT

Common Lexical FunctionsF$CVTIME(), Continued…

Date Formats:

Comparison

YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.CC

Absolute

DD-MMM-YYYY HH:MM:SS.CC

+/-DDDDD HH:MM:SS.CC

Common Lexical Functions

$ vbl = F$GETDVI( dev_name, keyword )“dev_name” is a valid device name

“keyword” is a quoted string

Examples:$ FBLK = F$GETDVI( “DUA0”,”FREEBLOCKS”)

$ MNTD = F$GETDVI( “DKA500”,”MNT”)

$ DVNM := DUA0:

$ VLNM := VOLNAM

$ VNAM = F$GETDVI( DVNM, VLNM )

$ vbl = F$QETQUI( -

function,-

item,-

value,-

keyword(s))

See the on-line help for descriptions.

$ VBL = F$GETJPI( pid, keyword )

Examples:$ USN = F$GETJPI( 0, “USERNAME” )

$ MOD = F$GETJPI( 0, “MODE” )

$ vbl = F$GETSYI( item[, node[, csid]] )

Examples:$ NODE = F$GETSYI( “NODENAME” )

$ FGP = F$GETSYI( “FREE_GBLPAGES” )

$ FGS = F$GETSYI( “FREE_GBLSECTS” )

$ vbl = F$ELEMENT( idx, delim, string )Find the nth (delim) delimited element of a string.

Examples:$ A = F$ELEM( 2, “,”, “A,B,C,D,E,F” )

$ B = F$ELEM( 1, “ ”, “Turn it off” )

Seminar 1024

OpenVMS

Logical Names

A form of symbol with limited or system-wide scope.

$ show logical sys$sysroot

"SYS$SYSROOT" = "DJAS01$DKA300:[SYS0.]" (LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE)

= "SYS$COMMON:"

1 "SYS$COMMON" = "DJAS01$DKA300:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.]" (LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE)

Logical Name Tables

LNM$SYSTEM_DIRECTORYLNM$JOB_xxxxxxxx

LNM$GROUP_xxxxxx

LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE

DECW$LOGICAL_NAMES

LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY

Logical Name Tables

Search Order:

$ sh log/tab=* lnm$file_dev

"LNM$FILE_DEV" = "LNM$PROCESS" (LNM$SYSTEM_DIRECTORY)

= "LNM$JOB"

= "LNM$GROUP"

= "LNM$SYSTEM"

= "DECW$LOGICAL_NAMES"

Logical Name Tables

Modifying the search order:$ DEFINE/TABLE=LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY -

LNM$FILE_DEV LNM$PROCESS,LNM_PRIVATE,-

LNM$GROUP,LNM$SYSTEM,-

DECW$LOGICAL_NAMES Defines a new search list in supervisor mode.

» Some software will only use “trusted” logical names in certain directories or those DEFINEd in an “inner’ (more privileged) mode.

Logical Names

Single translation$ DEFINE lnm value

Search List$ DEFINE lnm value,value[,…]

Concealed Logical Names$ DEFINE lnm value/TRANS=CONCEAL

Rooted Logical Names$ DEFINE lnm ddcu:[dir.]/TRANS=CONCEAL

Logical Names

Creating$ DEFINE lnm value

$ ASSIGN value lnm

Deleting$ DEASSIGN lnm

Logical NamesAccess Modes

User DEFINE/USER

Supervisor DEFINE (/SUPER is default)

Executive DEFINE/EXECUTIVE,

requires CMEXEC privilege.

Kernel Can only be created by using

the $CRELNM system service,

requires CMKRNL privilege. Executive and Kernel mode logical names are “trusted”

since privilege is required to create them.

Logical Names

Single Translation$ DEFINE lnm value

Examples:"LNM$PROCESS" = "LNM$PROCESS_TABLE"

(LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY)

"LNM$JOB" = "LNM$JOB_80D27B00" (LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY)

"LNM$GROUP" = "LNM$GROUP_000030" (LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY)

"LNM$SYSTEM" = "LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE" (LNM$SYSTEM_DIRECTORY)

“SYS$LOGIN" = "DKA0:[DDACHTERA]" (LNM$JOB_80D27B00)

Logical Names

Search Lists$ DEFINE lnm value,value[,…]

Examples:$ sh log sys$sysroot

= "SYS$COMMON:"

$ sh log user_exe ! Presenter’s environment, not provided by VMS.

"USER_EXE" = "USER_IMG:" (LNM$JOB_80D27B00)

= "USER_COM:"

= "SYS$SPECIFIC:[SYSEXE]"

= "SYS$COMMON:[SYSEXE]"

1 "USER_IMG" = "USER_ROOT:[EXE.ALPHA]" (LNM$JOB_80D27B00)

1 "USER_COM" = "USER_ROOT:[EXE]" (LNM$JOB_80D27B00)

Logical Names

Concealed Logical Names$ DEFINE lnm value/TRANS=CONCEAL

Example:$ sh log sys$sysdevice

"SYS$SYSDEVICE" = "DJAS01$DKA300:" (LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE)

$ sh log sys$sysdevice/full

"SYS$SYSDEVICE" [exec] = "DJAS01$DKA300:" [concealed,terminal] (LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE)

Logical Names

“Rooted” Logical Names$ DEFINE lnm ddcu:[dir.]/TRANS=CONCEAL

Examples:$ show logical sys$specific,sys$common,user_root

"SYS$SPECIFIC" = "DJAS01$DKA300:[SYS0.]" (LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE)

"SYS$COMMON" = "DJAS01$DKA300:[SYS0.SYSCOMMON.]" (LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE)

"USER_ROOT" = "DKA0:[DDACHTERA.]" (LNM$JOB_80D27B00)

Logical Names

Using rooted logical names

Examples:$ show logical sys$sysroot,user_root,user_com,user_img

= "SYS$COMMON:"

"USER_ROOT" = "DKA0:[DDACHTERA.]" (LNM$JOB_80D27B00)

"USER_COM" = "USER_ROOT:[EXE]" (LNM$JOB_80D27B00)

"USER_IMG" = "USER_ROOT:[EXE.ALPHA]" (LNM$JOB_80D27B00)

Logical Names & Lexicals

Beware:

F$LOGICAL() (deprecated) differs from F$TRNLNM().

F$LOGICAL() uses hard-coded search list internally: Process, Job, Group, System.

F$TRNLNM() uses LNM$FILE_DEV

Cluster-Wide Logical Names

New in V7.2.

Defined in table LNM$SYSCLUSTER

LNM$SYSTEM is now a search list:$ show log/tab=* lnm$system

"LNM$SYSTEM" = "LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE" (LNM$SYSTEM_DIRECTORY)

= "LNM$SYSCLUSTER"

1 "LNM$SYSCLUSTER" = "LNM$SYSCLUSTER_TABLE" (LNM$SYSTEM_DIRECTORY)

Cluster-Wide Logical Names

Caveat: There is no /CLUSTER qualifier for

DEFINE, ASSIGN or DEASSIGN. Use /TABLE= LNM$SYSCLUSTER

Logical Names

Notes:VMS$COMMON usually not found in system logical names.

It IS possible to have a system with a missing or corrupted VMS$COMMON.

OpenVMS upgrades will fail.

Difficult to recover.

Running in this condition is not supported.

Logical Names

Leave OpenVMS-provided logical names alone.

ReDEFINE-ing things like SYS$SYSROOT can jeopardize support position or system certification (Healthcare, etc.)

If any of these are reDEFINEd, do it at the /PROCESS level, not system-wide and make sure to leave the system account “pristine”.

Logical Names

Leave OpenVMS-provided logical names alone.

Probably okay to do this in a privileged account other than SYSTEM.

If these are needed at SYSTARTUP_VMS time, invoke a proc. to do the DEFINEs, then invoke the proc.’s that need the local logical names, then clean up using DEASSIGN/PROCESS.

Logical Names

It is possible to organize your site-specific procedures and keep them separated from the OpenVMS files without reDEFINE-ing any logical names provided by OpenVMS.

Logical Names

OpenVMS Logical Names:Usually contain a “$” (dollar sign).

User (Site-Specific) Logical NamesAvoid “$” – use underscore:

SYS_MANAGER

SYS_BACKUP

SYS_OPERATOR

SYS_HELP

SYS_ROOT

Logical Names$ sho log sys_*(LNM$PROCESS_TABLE)(LNM$JOB_80D128C0)(LNM$GROUP_000030)(LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE) "SYS_BACKUP" = "SYS_ROOT:[BACKUP]" "SYS_HELP" = “SYS_ROOT:[SYSHLP]" "SYS_MANAGER" = "SYS_ROOT:[SYSMGR]" "SYS_OPERATOR" = "SYS_ROOT:[OPERATOR]” “SYS_ROOT“ = “SYS$SYSDEVICE:[XYZCORP.]” = ”SYS$SYSROOT:”

Logical Names

Site-specific logical names for system management can be organized in their own logical name tables.

User Logical name table can be added to LNM$FILE_DEV, but don’t do that system-wide – DEFINE things /PROCESS.

See the earlier example of how to modify the LNM$FILE_DEV search list for a process.

/PROCESS is the default for DEFINE and ASSIGN if not specified.

Logical Names

None of us is immortal.

Remember to document your customizations THOROUGHLY!

If you get hit by a bus today, will someone else be able to come in and understand what you’ve done?

Seminar 1024

OpenVMS

Networking

Network stacks for OpenVMS: TCP/IP DECnet

» Phase IV» Phase V (DECnet/OSI)

Utilities:

LANCP (works without DECnet)

SET HOST/MOP (Phase V - NET$CCR)

Networking - TCP/IP

TCP/IP Services for OpenVMSFormerly known as UCX (Ultrix Connection)

Developed, sold and supported by HP, shares code base with Tru64 TCP/IP

Management interface somewhat weak.Some features (like adding secondary name server) require editing config. files manually. Access to non-volatile Database inconsistent: sometimes SET CONFIG, sometimes SET/PERMANENT.

Networking TCP/IP

TCPwareNative to and developed on OpenVMS (originally on VAX/VMS, ported to Alpha).

Developed, sold and supported by Process Software, Inc.

Proprietary Management Interface, now similar to Multinet in some ways.

Slightly more functionality than (UCX), performs better than Multinet and *UCX).

Networking - TCP/IP

MultinetDeveloped from BSD V4.3 code by TGV, Inc. on VAX/VMS, ported to Alpha.Now developed, sold and supported by Process Software, Inc.

Proprietary Management Interface.

Functionality similar to TCPware.

Performance is somewhat better than (UCX), less than TCPware.

Networking - TCP/IP

Author’s opinion re: Marvel:

TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS will probably be Marvel-ready sooner than Process Software’s products; however, TCPware and Multinet provide more robust functionality - should be worth waiting for on Marvel. (SMP considerations)

Networking - TCP/IP

CMU/IP

Freeware, a bit old.

Originally developed by TEK, released to Carnegie Mellon Univ. C.S. department - became freeware.

VAX only - no known Alpha port.

TCP/IP-V4 only.

Networking - DECnet

Developed by Digital for PDP-11, migrated to VAX and ported to Alpha.

Phase-IV is in use widely.

Phase V used where it is needed. Also known as DECnet-Plus or DECnet/OSI.

Networking - DECnet

DECnet Phase IV is very SysAdmin friendly, but takes some getting used to.

“Set it and forget it” - easily configured, does not issue a lot of OPCOM messages unless there is trouble on the line(s).

Specification was published, no longer publicly available on the web.

Networking - DECnet

DECnet Phase IVPermanent database

DEFINE commands in NCP

Volatile databaseSET commands in NCP

Networking - DECnet

DECnet Phase IVProvides MOP Remote Console

CONNECT command in NCP

Provides MOP downline load, upline dumpLOAD and TRIGGER commands in NCP

Provides for remote management of other nodes.

SET EXECUTOR NODE command in NCP, requires privilege and remote password.

Networking - DECnet

DECnet Phase V (DECnet-Plus)More complicated to manage - management paradigm follows the OSI seven-layer model.

Circuits are built from the bottom up, following the OSI seven-layer model.

Management is performed using NCL (Network Control Language).

Non-volatile database is .NCL files - no “permanent” database.

Networking - DECnet

DECnet Phase V (DECnet-Plus)OPCOM messages are more plentiful and more verbose than Phase IV.

Allows for diagnosis of trouble in each layer.

Provides some features not available in Phase IV.

Complete specification is not published.

Networking - DECnet

Access Control» Set up proxy records in

SYS$SYSTEM:NET$PROXY.DAT using the AUTHORIZE program.

» Enable proxy access in NCP (Phase-IV): incoming, outgoing.

– Incoming proxy access, if disabled, defaults to the access control info of the target object instead of the source node/user.

Networking - DECnet

Access Control» Create the proxy database if it doesn’t

already exist. Use AUTHORIZE, CREATE/PROXY

» Set up proxy records in Authorize.» Enable proxy access in NCL (Phase-V):

See the SET SESSION CONTROL statements.

Networking - DECnet

FAL Logging Two Logical Names:

» FAL$LOG» FAL$OUTPUT

Networking - DECnet

FAL Logging FAL$LOG

In SYLOGIN or the DECnet object file:

$ DEFINE FAL$LOG “1/disable=8”This is an unsupported feature

“1”: file name and file type access information

disable=8 disables “Poor Man’s Routing”: dir node1::node2::node3::

Networking - DECnet

FAL Logging FAL$LOG, cont’d

Produces copious output - use with discretion.

FAL$OUTPUTCan be used to specify the name of the log file to create in place of SYS$OUTPUT

$ DEFINE FAL$OUTPUT FAL.LOG

Networking - LAT

LAT - Local Area Transport Robust, Efficient

» Can package data for multiple sessions at the same MAC address into common packets.

Not routable» No routable info in the network layer

DEC-proprietary (licensed)» Specification published under license

Networking - LAT

LAT Control Program (LATCP) Managememt interface for LAT Controls services broadcast by an

OpenVMS node Used to create, manage and delete LTA

devices on OpenVMS nodes.

Networking MOP

Maintenance Operation Protocol Not routable

» No routable info in the network layer DEC-proprietary (licensed)

» Specification published under license Remote Console facility Downline load, upline dump.

Networking MOPMaintenance Operation Protocol User interfaces - Remote Console:

» NCP (DECnet Phase IV)CONNECT NODE

CONNECT VIA circuit_id PHYS ADDR mac_addr

» LANCPCONNECT NODE name/DEVICE=enet_dev:

» SET HOST/MOP (DECnet Phase V)SET HOST/MOP node_name

SET HOST/MOP/ADDR=mac_addr/CIRC=xxxx

Networking MOP

Maintenance Operation Protocol User interfaces - Downline Load, Upline

dump:» NCP (DECnet Phase IV)

DEFINE/SET NODE name -

ADDRESS xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx -

SERVICE CIRCUIT xxx-n -

LOAD FILE filespec -

SECONDARY LOADER filespec -

DUMP FILE filespec

Networking MOP

Maintenance Operation Protocol User interfaces - Downline Load:

» LANCPDEFINE NODE name -

/ADDRESS=xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-

/FILE=filespec– Mostly for use in booting LAVc nodes– LANCP does not provide for upline dump

Networking - Remote Access

Types of remote Access: DECnet

» SET HOST (CTERM)» Remote File Access» NML (NCP SET EXECUTOR NODE)

LAT» Connect (from terminal server or PC

w/LAT)» SET HOST/LAT

Networking - Remote Access

Types of remote Access, cont’d: TCP/IP:

» TELNET» Rshell» Rlogin

Networking - Remote Proc.’s

Types of Remote Procedures: DECnet

» DECnet objects» SUBMIT/REMOTE, PRINT/REMOTE

TCP/IP» RPC (Remote Procedure Call)» Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

Networking - Remote Proc.’s

Security Concerns DECnet objects like TASK Unsecured accounts by any access

method. (This is not a security presentation.)

Network Alerts

OPCOM Alerts for network access SET AUDIT/ENABLE=CONNECTION

» DECnet (Phase IV)» $IPC» SYSMAN

SET AUDIT/ENABLE=LOGIN=» ALL, BATCH, DETACHED, DIALUP,

LOCAL, NETWORK, REMOTE, SUBPROCESS

Network Alerts

Additional OPCOM Alerts for FTP Add commands to the DCL proc.

associated with the FTP service.» Example: MULTINET:FTP_SERVER.COM

Can be as general or specific needed. See the documentation and example

code for your TCP/IP stack.

Seminar 1024

System Startup

Procedure

System Startup

Default /STARTUP procedure: SYS$SYSTEM:STARTUP.COM Set using SYSBOOT, SYSGEN or

SYSMAN.

System Startup

STARTUP Phases: In SYS$STARTUP:VMS$VMS.DAT

» RMS Indexed file» Changes to this area of the startup are

*NOT* supported by HP.

System Startup

STARTUP Phases:$ TY SYS$STARTUP:VMS$VMS.DAT

BASEENVIRON DVMS$BASEENVIRON-050_VMS.COM

E*BASEENVIRON DVMS$BASEENVIRON-050_SMISERVER.COM

E*BASEENVIRON DVMS$BASEENVIRON-050_LIB.COM

E*BASEENVIRON DDECDTM$STARTUP.COM

E*BASEENVIRON DLICENSE_CHECK.EXE

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_VMS.COM

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_ERRFMT.COM

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_CACHE_SERVER.COM

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_CSP.COM

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_OPCOM.COM

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_AUDIT_SERVER.COM

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_JOBCTL.COM

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_LMF.COM

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_SHADOW_SERVER.COM

E*CONFIG DVMS$CONFIG-050_SECURITY_SERVER.COM

E*DEVICES DVMS$DEVICE_STARTUP.COM

E*INITIAL DVMS$INITIAL-050_VMS.COM

E*INITIAL DVMS$INITIAL-050_LIB.COM

E*INITIAL CVMS$INITIAL-050_CONFIGURE.COM

E*LPBEGIN DVMS$LPBEGIN-050_STARTUP.COM

E*PRECONFIG DIPC$STARTUP.COM

E*PRECONFIG DVMS$SPIRALOG_STARTUP.COM

System Startup Phases, Files

INITIAL

DEVICESSYCONFIG

SYLOGICALS

SYPAGSWPFILES

PRECONFIG

CONFIGSYSECURITY

BASEENVIRON

LPBEGINSYSTARTUP_VMS

LPMAIN

LPBETA

System Startup Phases, Files

INITIAL

DEVICESSYCONFIG These files are always

SYLOGICALS executed, even during a

SYPAGSWPFILES “MIN”-imum boot.

PRECONFIG

CONFIGSYSECURITY

BASEENVIRON

LPBEGINSYSTARTUP_VMS

LPMAIN

LPBETA

System Startup

Site-Specific STARTUPs: SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM in

SYS$MANAGER path. SYSTARTUP_V5.COM in V5.x SYSTARTUP.COM in V4 and earlier.

System Startup

STARTUP Parameters: STARTUP_P1

» blank - Normal System Startup» “MIN” - Minimal Startup

– No SYSTARTUP_VMS but– Most of the other SY*.COM proc.’s will still be

System Startup

STARTUP Parameters: STARTUP_P2

» blank - Normal System Startup» “1”, “YES” or “TRUE” - Verify on

STARTUP_P3 thru _P8» Reserved for future use

System Startup

SYSTARTUP_VMS : Author prefers to keep procedure

modular for easier maintenance, invoke modules from SYSTARTUP_VMS:$ SET NOON

$ @MOUNT_DISKS

$ @DEFINE_GROUP_LOGICALS

System Startup

SYSTARTUP_VMS : Author prefers to keep procedure

modular for easier maintenance, invoke node-specific proc.’s from SYSTARTUP_VMS:

$ FSP = F$SEARCH( -

“SYS$MANAGER:SYSTARTUP.COM” )

$ IF FSP .NES. “” THEN @&FSP

» Avoids redundant, cut-and-paste code.

System Startup

SYSTARTUP_VMS : Logging SYSTARTUP_VMS:

$ SET NOON

$ DEFINE SYS$OUTPUT -

SYS$MANAGER:SYSTARTUP_VMS.LOG

$ DEASSIGN SYS$OUTPUT

System Startup

Saving/reporting a crash dump at System Startup time:

$ ANALYZE/CRASH_DUMP SYS$SYSTEM:SYSDUMP.DMP

COPY ddcu:<dir>:SAVEDUMP.DMP ! copy to wherever is convenient.

SET OUTPUT SYS$MANAGER:SYSDUMP.LIS ! Set this as you like

READ/EXEC

! READ SYS$SYSTEM:SYSDEF ! For VAX

READ SYS$LOADABLE_IMAGES:SYSDEF ! For Alpha

SHOW CRASH

SHOW STACK /ALL

SHOW SUMMARY

SHOW PROCESS /PCB /PHD /REGISTERS

SHOW SYMBOL /ALL

System Startup

DEFINE-ing Group Logicals at Startup:» SET up a DCL procedure to DEFINE (or

assign) the needed logicals using /GROUP and whatever access mode is appropriate.

» Invoke that procedure as a detached process at system startup time.

System StartupDEFINE-ing Group Logicals at Startup:

Example:$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:LOGINOUT.EXE-

/UIC=[300,1]-

/INPUT=GROUP_300_LOGICALS.COM-

/OUTPUT=GROUP_300_LOGICALS.LOG

The UIC specified does not need to exist in the UAF.

System Startup

DEFINE-ing Group Logicals at Startup:

Alternate Example:$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:LOGINOUT.EXE-

/UIC=[300,1]/INPUT=NLA0:/OUTPUT=NLA0:

» The UIC specified does not need to exist in the UAF.

» The example creates the LNM$GROUP_000300 table.

» Logical names can then be created in that table by any suitably privileged process.

System Startup

Setting logins at Startup: Global DCL symbol (STARTUP

process) is set up during SYS$STARTUP:VMS$BASEENVIRON-050_VMS.COM:$startup$interactive_logins == 64

System Startup

Setting logins at Startup, cont’d: Global DCL symbol (STARTUP

process) is used in SYS$STARTUP:VMS$LPBEGIN-050_STARTUP.COM:$set logins/interactive='startup$interactive_logins

System Startup

Setting logins at Startup, cont’d: Change the value of

startup$interactive_logins during SYSTARTUP_VMS:

$ startup$interactive_logins == -

F$GETSYI( “IJOBLIM” )

System Startup

Setting logins at Startup, cont’d:

Notes: Set the desired value for IJOBLIM in

MODPARAMS and run AUTOGEN, or change the CURRENT value using SYSMAN or SYSGEN. Change takes effect on next boot.

System Startup

Notes, cont’d: IJOBLIM is a dynamic parameter. The

SET LOGINS/INTERACTIVE command displays or varies its value. See the HELP.

System Startup

SET LOGINS/INTERACTIVE caveat: Largely undocumented, little known fact:

until this command is issued for the first time after a reboot, the job controller will not create interactive processes.

If used in SYSTARTUP_VMS, it may enable logins before the system is ready for users to log in.

System Startup

SET LOGINS/INTERACTIVE caveat: DO NOT USE THIS COMMAND IN

SYSTARTUP_VMS!!! …or any proc. that it invokes!!! Use the global DCL symbol instead

(STARTUP$INTERACTIVE_LOGINS).

System Startup - VMS Files Must never be changed unless software

documentation or VMS support instructs you to do so.

May be replaced when VMS or layered products are upgraded.

May use deprecated lexical functions (like F$LOGICAL()), or may contain misspelled function names (like F$GETSYS(), DCL sees only F$GETS).

System Startup - VMS Files Site-specific startups are usually found

in the SYS$MANAGER path.

Seminar 1024

SYSMAN and

STARTUP

SYSMAN & STARTUP

SYSMAN can be used to modify the “user” portion of the startup database.

» Two database files used by SYSMAN:STARTUP$STARTUP_VMS

Used for the VMS startup

DO NOT MODIFY !!!

STARTUP$STARTUP_LAYEREDWhen you add an item using SYSMAN it

goes here.

SYSMAN & STARTUP

SYSMAN can be used to modify the “user” portion of the startup database.» Not as flexible the traditional method using

SYSTARTUP_VMS.» Not as widely used. Incoming SysAdmins

may be unware of previous modifications to the startup database using SYSMAN.

» Allows for specifying that some startup procedures run in BATCH, in-line (DIRECT) or in sub-processes (SPAWN).

SYSMAN & STARTUP» Allows for entering startup items that run

after SYSTARTUP_VMS.– SYSTARTUP_VMS is invoked during the

LPBEGIN phase.– Valid phases for SYSMAN STARTUP entries

are LPBEGIN, LPMAIN, LPBETA and END.– Premature logins are possible if

SYSTARTUP_VMS enables logins before startups in later phases (LPMAIN, LPBETA or END) have run.

Seminar 1024

Conversational Boot,

Minimum Startup

Conversational BootMost Current Alphas, VAX 7000:

>>> boot –fl x,1

VAX 6000>>> BOOT boot_profile/R5=1>>> BOOT boot_profile/R5=x0000001

Older small VAXes>>> B/R5:1 or B/R5:x0000001

VAX 8000’sSee the manual

Minimum Boot>>> b –fl 10,1

SYSBOOT> SET STARTUP_P1 “MIN”

SYSBOOT> CONTINUE

Use SET WRITESYSPARAMS 0 before CONTINUE for a one-time minimum boot.

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System Shutdown

Procedure

System Shutdown

$ @SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN» Prompts interactively for parameters» Parameters can also be specified on the

command line that invokes the procedure.– See the SHUTDOWN and REBOOT symbols in

SYS$MANAGER:LOGIN.TEMPLATE

System Shutdown

SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN.COM

Parameters:P1 = Minutes to final shutdown

P2 = Reason for Shutdown

P3 = Spin down disk volumes? (Y/N)

P4 = Invoke SYSHUTDWN.COM? (Y/N)

P5 = When will system be rebooted?

P6 = Should auto. reboot be performed? (Y/N)

P7 = Options (SAVE_FEEDBACK, etc.)– P5 and P6 are reverse order to the prompts.

Site-Specific Shutdown Proc.

SYSHUTDWN.COM

Found in the SYS$MANAGER path.

System Shutdown

SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN.COM

Logical NamesSHUTDOWN$MINIMUM_MINUTES

Default value for minutes to final shutdown.

AGEN$SHUTDOWN_TIMEUsed by AUTOGEN as minutes to final SHUTDOWN or REBOOT.

Shutdown Options

REBOOT_CHECK

SAVE_FEEDBACK

DISABLE_AUTOSTART

POWER_OFF

Shutdown Options

REBOOT_CHECK Performs a basic check for the

existence of files needed to reboot the system.

Not comprehensive - cannot detect a damaged boot block, corrupted bootstrap image, etc.

Shutdown Options

SAVE_FEEDBACK Saves some vital statistics about the

system that can be used by AUTOGEN after the system comes back up.

Same as the SAVPARAMS phase of AUTOGEN.

Shutdown Options

DISABLE_AUTOSTART Use this if needed to prevent

AUTOSTART queues on this node from being restarted once SHUTDOWN has STOPped them.

Shutdown Options

POWER_OFF If the system console supports it,

request that the machine power itself down once VMS has been SHUTDOWN.

Shutdown Options - Clusters

REMOVE_NODE for all but the last node.» Node exits the cluster gracefully.

CLUSTER_SHUTDOWN for the last cluster node to be shutdown.» If used on all nodes, each node waits for

other nodes to reach the point of exiting the cluster, then proceeds to shutdown (“dissolves” the cluster).

Every Shutdown Author recommends you always specify

option REBOOT_CHECK for all nodes. Has been helpful in preventing some

nasty surprises.

Seminar 1024

AUTOGEN

SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN.COM

DCL procedure supplied by OpenVMS as an aid in tuning the OpenVMS system.

Not a replacement for diligent system management.

AUTOGEN Applies changes to the default system

parameters as specified in the fileSYS$SYSTEM:MODPARAMS.DAT

Is invoked during installs and upgrades, sometimes more than once.

Can be used to help size the swap and page files.

AUTOGEN - MODPARAMS

SYS$SYSTEM:MODPARAMS.DAT This is where changes to the default

values are made so they persist from one AUTOGEN to the next.

Entries look like this:parameter_name = needed_value

MIN_parameter_name = needed_value

MAX_parameter_name = needed_value

ADD_ parameter_name = needed_value

AUTOGEN - MODPARAMS

parameter_name = needed_value Provides a hard-coded value for the

parameter.SCSNODE = “ALPHAONE”

GBLPAGES = 121589 AUTOGEN calculations do not over-ride

hard-coded values.

AUTOGEN - MODPARAMS

MIN_parameter_name = minimum_value Provides a minimum value for the

parameter.MIN_GBLPAGES = 121589

AUTOGEN may calculate and use a higher value, but will always use the MIN_ if it calculates a lower value.

AUTOGEN - MODPARAMSMAX_parameter_name = maximum_value Provides a maximum value for the

parameter.MAX_GBLPAGES = 12158900

AUTOGEN may calculate and use a lower value, but will always use the MAX_ if it calculates a higher value.

AUTOGEN - MODPARAMS

ADD_parameter_name = addtl_value Provides an addition to the default value

for the parameter.ADD_GBLPAGES = 81920

AUTOGEN can use feedback to calculate a new value, then adds the specified value to the calculated value.

AUTOGEN - PhasesSAVPARAMS - Collects Feedback

GETDATA - Collects all other data

GENPARAMS - Generates new parameters

TESTFILES - Calculates new sys file sizes

GENFILES - Generates new system files

SETPARAMS - Creates new boot param.’s

SHUTDOWN - Shutdown the system

REBOOT - Reboot the system

HELP - Displays AUTOGEN info

AUTOGEN - PhasesSAVPARAMS

Saves dynamic feedback from the running system.

Same as SAVE_FEEBACK option of SHUTDOWN.

AUTOGEN - PhasesGETDATA

Collects all data to be used in AUTOGEN calculations.

Includes existing feedback data if it is not over 30 days old.

Includes MODPARAMS info.

AUTOGEN - PhasesGENPARAMS

Performs calculations and generates the new system parameters (but does not yet set them into the “Current” parameters).

Creates the new list of installed images based on the state of the currently running system.

AUTOGEN - PhasesTESTFILES

Calculates new page and swap file sizes, but does not apply any changes.

AUTOGEN - PhasesGENFILES

Generates new swap and page files based on AUTOGEN calculations.

Use entries in MODPARAMS to override:

DUMPFILE=0

SWAPFILE=0

PAGEFILE=0

AUTOGEN - PhasesSETPARAMS

Creates the new boot-time (“current”) parameters.

Changes take effect on the next boot.

AUTOGEN - PhasesSHUTDOWN

Shutdown the system and leave it ready for a manual boot or other console-level operations.

AUTOGEN - PhasesREBOOT

Reboot the system using the newly generated parameters and/or system files.

AUTOGEN - PhasesHELP

Display HELP information for how to use AUTOGEN.

Useful to output this to a file:

$ @SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN-

/OUTPUT=AGEN_HELP.LIS HELP

AUTOGEN - PhasesTypical uses:

See if current MODPARAMS settings are suitable:

$ @SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN -

SAVPARAMS TESTFILES

Generate new system parameters for next boot:

SAVPARAMS SETPARAMS

AUTOGEN using previously saved feedback:

GENPARAMS SETPARAMS

AUTOGEN - PhasesTypical uses:

AUTOGEN ignoring feedback:

GENPARAMS SETPARAMS NOFEEDBACK

AUTOGEN using previously saved feedback, if it is

valid:

GENPARAMS SETPARAMS - CHECK_FEEDBACK

AUTOGEN - ReportSYS$SYSTEM:AGEN$PARAMS.REPORT Generated on each run of AUTOGEN during

the GENPARAMS phase. Indicates any MODPARAMS errors detected

by AUTOGEN. Indicates the results of AUTOGEN

calculations and resulting changes to system parameters.

AUTOGEN - LoggingAUTOGEN issues useful information on SYS$OUTPUT, also.

Some SysAdmins find this useful:$ @SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN/OUT=AGEN.LOG -

start_phase end_phase

Seminar 1024

Useful Tips

and Tricks

Useful Tips and Tricks

An “uptime” command:

$ SHOW SYSTEM/NOPROCESS

$ UPT*TIME :== SHOW SYSTEM/NOPROCESS

Useful Tips and Tricks

An simple command to show usage:

$ SHL :== -

PIPE SHOW USERS/FULL | -

(READ SYS$PIPE P9 ; -

WRITE SYS$OUTPUT P9 ; -

READ SYS$PIPE P9 ; -

WRITE SYS$OUTPUT P9 ; -

SET LOGINS)

Seminar 1024

OpenVMS System

Management Tools

System Management Tools

Supplied as no-charge additional software, licensed with OpenVMS.

StorageWorks Command Console(SWCC)

OpenVMS Management Station(“TNT” or “Argus”)

Accessibility Manager for Distributed Systems (AMDS), Availability Manager

Seminar 1024

StorageWorks

Command Console

StorageWorks Cmd Console

Provides MS/Win GUI for management of StorageWorks storage array controllers.» HSJ (CI)» HSZ (SCSI)» HSG (FC-SF)

Uses TCP/IP to communicate with server agent on OpenVMS.

Behaves like other “Explorer” software.

Limitations: PC’s IP address must back-translate

» DHCP is o.k. so long as DNS is updated when address lease is obtained / renewed.

Does not work over WAN unless PC’s DNS name is “visible” outside of firewall and firewall allows the TCP ports.

OpenVMS server agent will only run on one node of a cluster.

Limitations, cont’d: Unit names and storage-set names are

assigned randomly and arbitrarily.» Some names can be changed manually

using the CLI. Can hold onto the virtual console so that

other access means are denied:» SET HOST/DUP, SET HOST/SCSI

Limitations, cont’d: Disks falling into the Failed Set are

detected and reported as warnings; however, CLI messages are not passed through to the GUI - you must still connect to the CLI to get them.» “Other controller restarted”» Cache battery alerts

Limitations, cont’d:

No provisions for running HSx utilities and diagnostics.

No performance data available via the GUI - use the CLI to run VTDPY.

Management Considerations PCs must be authorized to access

OpenVMS server agent. Use the SWCC configuration utility supplied with the OpenVMS-side software.

Controllers and/or controller pairs must be set up using the SWCC configuration utility supplied with the OpenVMS-side software.

Management Considerations HSZ and HSG controller pairs present

only a single virtual device for remote access - cannot connect to an individual controller by name using the CLI window.

You will still need to access the physical console terminal port from time to time, as when a controller fails out of the pair.

Seminar 1024

OpenVMS

Management

Station

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Provides an MS/Win GUI for management of some areas of OpenVMS:

User records and identifiers OpenVMS storage Printer (but not batch) queues. Uses TCP/IP to communicate between

Windows client and OpenVMS Server.

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Considerations: No interfaces for application-specific

user setups. Provides only for “traditional” OpenVMS

printer queues - no provisions for TCP/IP considerations.

V3.0 is still available for Alpha/NT. Later versions are Intel only.

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Considerations: Runs on W/NT and W2K, W/98, and

W/95, but needs Internet Explorer V3.02 or later to provide some support.

V3.2 Server needs OpenVMS V6.2 or later.

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Set up Wizard

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Set up Wizard

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Set up Wizard

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Set up Wizard

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Set up Wizard

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Logon to a managed system

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Accounts Window

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Account

Detail

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Printers and other Symbiont Queues

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Detail of Printers / Symbiont Queues

OpenVMS Mgt Station

OpenVMS Storage

OpenVMS Mgt Station

OpenVMS Storage Detail

OpenVMS Mgt Station OpenVMS Server reads OMS

configuration when it starts.

Storage configured in OMS and not yet MOUNTed gets MOUNTed (if enabled).

Symbiont queues configured in OMS and not yet STARTed get STARTed.

OpenVMS Mgt Station OpenVMS Server builds a DCL

procedure that can be used to MOUNT your storage, even if the server cannot be started for whatever reason:TNT$EMERGENCY_MOUNT.COM

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Can be useful to ease certain system management tasks that would otherwise require the use of command-line utilities, but is not a replacement for those utilities.

OpenVMS Mgt Station

Download URL:http://www.openvms.compaq.com/openvms/products/argus/download.html

Seminar 1024

Accessibility Manager for

Distributed Systems

(AMDS) and

Availability Manager

Provides DECwindows interface for

system or cluster management, some

performance monitoring. Warnings can be issued when

performance metrics go out of spec. - you determine the thresholds for your environment.

Can (maybe) be used to “un-hang” a cluster (force quorum adjustment).

Considerations: Uses a proprietary, non-routable

network protocol. For optimum availability management,

needs to run on a separate OpenVMS workstation (not a cluster member).

AMDS workstation must be on same LAN segment as cluster nodes or protocol must be bridged bt segments.

Considerations: AMDS workstation can be accessed

remotely (X on Linux, Solaris or *BSD; Reflection/X or Exceed, etc. on MS Win; DECwindows on OpenVMS).

Licensing:

AMDS license is now included in the OpenVMS base license (as of AMDS V7.1).

Software Kit:

On the OpenVMS binary CD.

On the OpenVMS website.

Startup Procedure:

$ @SYS$STARTUP:AMDS$STARTUPSpecify START as the first parameter.

Logical Names: Defined in

AMDS$SYSTEM:AMDS$LOGICALS.COMAMDS$GROUP_NAME is the node information display group, default is DECAMDS

Define a group name for each cluster

AMDS$DEVICE defines the network device to use if multiple LAN connections are present.

Availability Mgr

Availability Manager An MS Windows tool (W/NT, W2K) Does not require an X-server on the PC. Uses the same non-routable protocol as

AMDS - similar restrictions. Could be accessed remotely using

PCAnywhere, or maybe Citrix.

AMDS Screen shots follow.

Many display objects can be selected to “drill down” for more information.

Seminar 1024

OpenVMS

Security Elements

OpenVMS Security Elements

An OpenVMS system is only as secure as the SysAdmin makes it.

Understanding and using the elements of OpenVMS Security is the best way to help ensure the security and integrity of an OpenVMS system.

Points to remember:

TELNET and FTP sessions are not encrypted, passwords are sent as clear text. Use Secure Shell and Secure FTP for best security.

LAT and DECnet are not encrypted, passwords are sent as clear text.

User Identification Codes

[group,user]

Similar to UN*X UIDs, except digits are always octal.

Users belong to only one UIC group. Use Rights Identifiers to grant additional access.

Protection Masks

Based on the UIC.

Four classes of permission:System

WorldUN*X only has Owner, Group, World

Levels of Permission in each class:

Read - Open read only

Write - Open write only

Execute - Run (if it’s a program/proc.)

Delete - Delete the file(Requires write access to parent directory.)

Directories

Read - List files

Write - Create/delete files

Execute - Traverse the directory(Look up files)

Delete - Delete the directory(Requires Write access to parent).

Devices

LOGICAL I/O

PHYSICAL I/O

Queues

READ - Display queue, jobs

MODIFY - Modify queue, jobs

SUBMIT - SUBMIT/PRINT jobs

DELETE - Delete jobs or the queue

Access Control Lists

Specify access control beyond the UIC based protections.

Consist of access control entries.

Access Control Entries

Associate access control with UICs or Rights Identifiers

Levels of access:

READ DELETE

WRITE CONTROL

EXECUTE

Object owner always has CONTROL

Rights Identifiers

Created using AUTHORIZE.

Can be associated with a resource (disk file - to control disk quotas).

GRANTed to or REVOKEd from users using AUTHORIZE.

Can be dynamic – non-privileged users can acquire and release using SET RIGHTS_LIST in DCL.

Propagating ACEs, Default Protections

Set an ACE on a directory with the DEFAULT attribute.

Default Protection ACE is set on a directory.

Will be applied to new files, or use SET SECURITY/DEFAULT to propagate to existing files.

Set ACEs in the proper sequence

First matching ACE determines access.

Enter ACEs from least restrictive to most restrictive. EDIT/ACL can be helpful.

ACL takes priority over UIC based protection mask.

Seminar 1024

Closing Comments,

Freeware Sources» The OpenVMS Freeware CDs are online at

the OpenVMS website.» The DFWCUG DECUS CD-ROM Archive:

ftp://ftp.montagar.com/decus/» DFWCUG OVMS Freeware V3 Archive:

ftp://ftp.montagar.com/freeware-v3/» DJE Systems OpenVMS Freeware archive:

http://www.djesys.com/freeware/vms/» OpenVMS FAQ

http://www.openvms.compaq.com/wizard/faq/vmsfaq.html

Seminar 1024

Thanks for coming!

Disclaimer: All information is correct to the best of the author’s knowledge.

Please fill out the evaluation forms, if available.

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