sentence formulas. 4 kinds of sentences 1. simple 2. compound 3. complex 4. compound-complex

Sentence Sentence FormulasFormulas

4 KINDS OF SENTENCES4 KINDS OF SENTENCES

1. SIMPLE2. COMPOUND3. COMPLEX 4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX

CLAUSECLAUSEA clause is a group of words

having a subject and a verb. There are different types of

clauses.1. Independent2. Dependent

Independent ClauseIndependent Clause(A.K.A. Simple Sentence)(A.K.A. Simple Sentence)a group of words that contains a

subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought (An independent clause is a simple sentence!)◦Tanner didn’t like the smell of the

popcorn at the theater.◦Jozi’s mother read the book to her

before bed.◦Stop!

Dependent Clause Dependent Clause (A.K.A. Subordinate Clause)(A.K.A. Subordinate Clause)A group of words that contains a

subject and a verb but DOES NOT express a complete thought◦Before the bell rang _____________.◦________________ passing the ball to

the second baseman◦________ because the game was over.◦That there is a hole in the ozone

layer of the earth’s atmosphere _________.

◦

Dependent Clause Dependent Clause MarkersMarkers

Some common dependent markers (called subordinate conjunctions) are:

after, although, as, as ifbecause, before, even if, even

thoughif, in order to, since, though, unlessuntil, whatever, when, wheneverwhether, while

You Try!!!You Try!!!Although _______________________._______________because_________.Until__________________________.

Independent Clause Independent Clause ConnectorsConnectorsCoordinating Conjunctions -

connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause.◦When a coordinating conjunction begins

the sentences in an independent clause, then a comma is needed!!

Coordinating Conjunctions – FAN BOYS

◦for, and, nor, but, or, yet, sot

Simple SentenceSimple SentenceCalled an independent clause

Contains a subject and a verb

Expresses a complete thought

SIMPLE SENTENCE EXAMPLESSIMPLE SENTENCE EXAMPLES

• Some students like to study in the mornings.

• The boy plays soccer on Saturday afternoons.

• John and Lisa are going to the movies tonight.

YOU TRY!!!YOU TRY!!!1. Simple sentence2. Simple sentence using the word

“and”3. Simple sentence with

prepositional phrase4. Simple sentence with

understood subject

Compound SentencesCompound SentencesContains two independent

clauses. Compound sentences are also

joined together by a semi colon(;) or by adding a comma and a coordinating conjunction.

The Coordinating Conjunctions are:

For ButAnd OrNor Yet So

These conjunctions spell out Fan and Boys.

Compound Sentence Compound Sentence ExamplesExamples1. Mr. Jones is a very short man,

but he walks with an air of authority.

2. I have been to Mexico, and I don’t expect to return too soon.

3. Jenna laughed and glanced at the others dancing; I just stood there wanting to dance.

Compound Sentence Compound Sentence FormulaFormulaI , CC II ; I

When using the semicolon, REMEMBER

It can take the place of the conjunction and comma, but both sentences must be closely related.

YOU TRY!!!!YOU TRY!!!!

Examples: 1.Mr. Jones is a very short man, but

he walks with an air of authority.2.I have been to Mexico, and I

don’t expect to return too soon.3.Jenna laughed and glanced at the

others dancing; I just stood there wanting to dance.

You TryYou TryI , and II , but II ; I (Remember the independent

clauses must be closely related to use a semicolon.)

Applied PracticeApplied PracticeQuestion #1Question #1What are the two types of clauses?

Question #2Question #2True or False?

As long as a clause has a subject and a verb it is an independent clause.

Question #3Question #3Give an example of three

dependent clause markers (subordinate conjunctions like before).

Question #4Question #4What are the seven coordinating

conjunctions? (Hint: FANBOYS)

Question #5Question #5Write a simple sentence.

Question #6Question #6Write a compound sentence with

a coordinating conjunction.

Question #7Question #7Simple or Compound Sentence?The girl walked between the desks

and accidentally bumped his elbow.

Question #8Question #8

Simple or Compound Sentence?Hurry!

Question #9Question #9I went on a walk with my dog; I

ended up carrying him home.

Question #10Question #10I ate eggs, bacon, grits, and toast

for breakfast.

The famous opening sentence of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina:

(1) All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

Compound-Complex Compound-Complex SentencesSentencesMost sophisticated type of sentence!Contains 2 Independent clauses and

1 or more dependent clauseSince they are longer sentences, it is

VERY IMPORTANT to punctuate correctly.

EXAMPLE: ◦As the dog howled, one cat sat on

the fence, and the other licked its paws.

Complex SentencesComplex SentencesContains an independent clause

and 1 or more dependent clausesIt always has a subordinator

(because, since, after, although, when) (sometimes a That, Who, Which are used)

When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator, a comma is REQUIRED at the end of the dependent clause.

Complex SentencesComplex SentencesWhen the independent clause starts

the sentence, and the subordinator is in the middle, then NO COMMA IS NEEDED!

Examples:◦When he handed in his homework, he

forgot to give the teacher the last page.◦The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.