session 6 leaving new jersey for new york and beyond vagabonds & sojourners tramping the...

Session 6

Leaving New Jersey for New York and Beyond

Vagabonds & Sojourners Tramping the Appalachians

But first, Geology in the News

3.9 in 2008 depth 15,000’

4.8 in 2011 depth 10,000’

Earthquake South of San Antonio

Earthquakes Oct, 20, 2011 & 2008 depths 9,820 & 15,000 feet

Next, the quake in Turkey

Turkey Oct. 23, 2011. Earthquake 7.2

East of Lake Van

Lake Van (Turkish: Van Gölü, Armenian: Վանա լիճ Vana lich or Vana Lij, Kurdish: Gola Wanê[3][4][5] ) is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far east of the country in Van district. It is a saline and soda lake, receiving water from numerous small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains. Lake Van is one of the world's largest endorheic lakes (having no outlet). The original outlet from the basin was blocked by an ancient volcanic eruption.

The lake's outlet was blocked at some time during the Pleistocene, when lava flows from Nemrut volcano blocked westward outflow towards the Muş Plain. Now dormant, Nemrut Dağı is close to the western shore of the lake, and another dormant stratovolcano, Süphan Dağı dominates the northern side of the lake

Out of New Jersey and into New York

The Graden State Parkway

Leaving Ocean CityUp the Garden State Parkway to IH-80

IH-80 to the GW Bridgeup NJ 9W on the top of the

Palisades black lava ridge to NY StateThe George Washington Bridge

Out of New Jersey and into New York

New Jersey

New YorkH

ud

son

Riv

er

George Washington Bridge

Heading for New York state on the top of the Palisades black diabase cliff

NJ 9-W going north

Palisades black diabase cliff

Hudson River

Driving North on d-W we leave the lava cliff for the glaciated red beds,Leave New Jersey, and enter New York and pass through Orangeburg.

Remember, the lava rocks of New Jersey

New Jersey

New York

Hudson River

Triassic re

d beds &

black la

vasNew JerseyOrangeburg, NY

What’s interesting about Orangeburg?

George Washington Bridge

Orangeburg, NY: Camp Shanks and Shanks Village

Camp Shanks: NY WW II port of embarkation

Shanks Village: NYC Veterans Housing

Hudson River

Palisades black lava ridge

Glaciated Triassic red beds

“Shanks Village”Today

The geology of south east New York state

New Jersey

New York

Connecticut

Triassic re

d beds &

black la

vas

The Great Valley

New Jersey Highlands

(Blue Ridge Mountains)

Teco

nic M

ou

ntain

s

The geology of south east New York state

Focus on the Hudson River

focus

Triassic re

d beds &

black la

vas

Hudson River

Notice how wide the Hudson River is here

And narrow here

The wide Hudson called the Tappan Zee

Let’s take a side trip to Connecticut across the Tappan Zee Bridge

Triassic black lava ridge

Hudson River (Tappan Zee)

Glaciated metamorphic & igneous rocks of the Teconic “Mountains”

Tappan Zee Brid

ge

Tappan Zee Bridge looking toward Connecticut

Heading for the Merritt Parkway and New Canaan, Conn

NJ New York

ConnMerritt Parkway

New Canaan, CT

Tappan ZeeBridge

The Merritt Parkway, Connecticut

The Merritt Parkway, opened in 1938

The Merritt Parkway, the Oldest Parkway in the United States

What’s geologically interesting in New Canaan?

Glacial Deposits: Connecticut

Glacial sand & mud crowning the hill top

New Canaan, Village Center

Glacial sand & mud crowning the hill top

How might we get river deposits on hill tops?

New Canaan, Village Center

Taconic Mountain igneous rocks before last glaciation

Ice filled valleys Ice filled valleys

Glacial ice; last ice ageGlacial outwash Sand & gravel from melting glacier to the northGlacial outwash now being removed by erosion

A local example of glacial age stream deposits on the top of hills: Williamson & Travis Counties

Pilot KnobPilot Knob volcanovolcanoWho has a house built on the glacial outwash

in New Canaan?

Gage stream deposits on hill tops:Williamson & Travis Counties

Sandi’s home for her high school senior year

Should you go to New Canaan

Now up the Hudson River Valley

http://www.priweb.org/ed/TFGuide/NE/topo/topo_files2/topo_pdfs/ne_topo2.pdf

Conn

New York State

Triassic red beds & black lavas

Blue

Ridge

/Tec

toni

c m

ount

ains

Gre

at V

alle

y

Our route: out of Conn into NY at West Point & on up to Vermont

Hudson River

New Canaan

West Point

New Jersey

New York

ConnecticutTriassic red beds &

black basalt lavas

Great Valle

y

“Blue Ridge” Mountains

Taco

nic an

d o

lder n

etamo

rph

ic rocks

Gre

at V

alle

y

“Blue Ridge” Mountains

Storm King State Park

West Point

West Point & the Hudson River up close

Storm King State Park

Note: as we leave New Jersey,

the Hudson Highlands (Blue Ridge) terminates into the Taconic Mountains

after crossing the Hudson at West Point

The narrow Great Valley of New Jersey spreadsout in New York along the Hudson River

Why the direction change of the“Blue Ridge” and Taconic mountains?

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Location of New Jersey

Ord

ovici

an G

eosy

nclin

e

12,0

00+

feet

thic

k

Ord

ovici

an G

eosy

nclin

e

6,00

0+ fe

et th

ick450 million years ago,

end Ordovician time

Cambrian Geosyncline 12,000+ feet thick

Taconic mountains

Location of New Jersey

350 million years ago, Devonian time

Dev

onia

n ge

osyn

clin

e

Devonian geosyncline crushed & melted by Acadian mountain building

These mountainsare the piedmont

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Location of New Jersey

350 million years ago, Devonian time

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Acadian Mountains (Piedmont?)

25 million years later

Location of New Jersey

325 million years ago, Mississippian time

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Deposition off theAcadian Mountains

Location of New Jersey

325 million years ago, Mississippian time

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Africa moving toward North America

25 million years later

Location of New Jersey

300 million years ago, Pennsylvanian time

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Beginning of Appalachian Geosyncline

Location of New Jersey

300 million years ago, Pennsylvanian time

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Appalachian mountain buildinggeosyncline crushed & melted bycollision with Africa & South America

50 million years later

Location of New Jersey

250 million years ago, Permian time

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Appalachian mountain buildinggeosyncline crushed & melted by?

Location of New Jersey

250 million years ago, Permian time

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Appalachian mountain buildinggeosyncline crushed & melted by?

50 million years later

Location of New Jersey

200 million years ago, Triassic time

The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time

Triassic red beds & black lavas

A brief summary

What might we remember about thegeologic history of the Appalachians

1. Appalachian mountain were createdfrom geosynclinal deposits as threemountain building episodes overa period of about 250 million years

2. The Taconic mountains were formed first from a thick, narrow a geosyncline extending from New England into

the Canadian Maritime Provinces

3. The Acadian mountains appear to account for the Piedmont province of the central & southern Appalachians

Back to our drive north up the Hudson Valley

Hudson River

“Blu

e Rid

ge” Mounta

ins

Gre

at V

alle

y

Driving north from West Point

West Point

Valley and R

idge

Catskill Delta

Red beds

Gre

at V

alle

y

Remember: everything we encounter from here north will be glaciatedLet’s look at the big picture

CatskillDelta

Area of last slide

Catskill Red Bed Delta, 350 million years old

Acadian Mountain

Catskill red bed delta

Catskill Delta

CatskillDelta

Area of this slide

Valley and R

idge

Catskill Delta

Red beds

Gre

at V

alle

y

What’s interesting near New Paltz, NY

New Paltz

Mohonk Mountain House

Gre

at V

alle

y p

rovi

nce

Val

ley

& R

idge

pro

vinc

e

Moho

nk Rid

ge

Mohonk Ridge

Catskill Delta red beds

Mohonk Mountain Lodge

Back to the Hudson River valley

Catskill red bed delta

Valley & Ridge

Tac

on

ic M

ou

nta

ins

Hu

dso

n V

alle

y (G

reat

Val

ley)

Geologic Cross Section

Valley & Ridge

Catskills

TaconicMountains

Hudson River Valley

Another View

Catskill red bed delta TaconicMountains

Easily eroded Devonian Hudson Valley limestones and shales

Marcellus gas shale at the surface

Marcellus Outcrops: Black

Back to the Hudson Valley

Catskill red bed delta

TaconicMountains

Easily eroded Devonian Hudson Valley limestones and shales. (Great Valley)

Mohawk RiverValley

Mohawk River & the Erie Canal

The Canal and the rocks of New York

Niagara Falls

Resistant Niagara Limestone ridge creating the falls

Creation of the Finger Lakes

Glacial still-stand during melting

Glacial lake Chautauqua

glacier

Lake Chautauqua up close

Chautauqua Institute

Leaving Lake Chautauqua for Albany on theNew York Throughway and on to Vermont of NY 4

Leaving Lake Chautauqua for Albany on theNew York Throughway and on to Vermont of NY 4

What natural resources are in New York State?

No iron, coal, or oil in or near the Hudson River valley

1 billion year old Adirondack dome

No iron, coal, or oil in or near the Mohawk River or Erie Canal

What geology do we find going north from Albany into Vermont?

Appalac

hian T

rend

Focus area

Vermont

A closer look

VermontAlbany

Can you find the geological provinces we have visitedfrom New Jersey to Vermont?

New Jersey

Let’s look at a cross section here

Where did the Taconic Mountains of Vermont come from?

Vermont Vermont

Taconic MountainsBefore westward thrusting

Taconic Mountains today

Westward Thrusting of the Taconic Mountains

MiddleburySynclinorium

Driving into Vermont

Rutland

Killington

MiddleburyN

ew Y

ork

Ver

mo

nt

1 b

illio

n y

ear

old

Ad

iro

nd

ack

Mo

un

tain

s Green

Mo

un

tains

Mid

dle

bu

ry S

yclin

ori

um

Taconic Overthrust

Killington Ski Resort

Fighting the New England Boiler Plate

Complex Structures of the Middlebury Synclinorium

Middlebury College

Middlebury Synclinorium

Taconic overthrust

Green Mountains

Green Mountains

Middlebury College