sga jahrestagung

SGA Jahrestagung The Elevator Noise source in the building?

Table of Contents

| Slide 2

– Elevator Noises

– System Boundaries

– Examples

– Agent Problem

– Piston Effect

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

Z R

R R H

Elevator Noises

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014 | Slide 3

– In the Car

– Airborne Noise – Vibration

– In the building – Airborne – Structure Borne Noise

The noise emission in buildings is projectable!

| Slide 4

Topics of “Ride Quality”

Z R R R H

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

VDI 2566

DIN 4109

RD 1371

NEII

SIA 181

Z R

R R H

ISO 18738

NEII

Applicable Codes & Standards

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014 | Slide 5

Max. Pk/Pk definition

The maximum peak to

peak value is the largest

peak to peak value of a

signal between two

boundaries

(e.g. B1, B2)

Maximum Peak to Peak Vibration (Max. Pk/Pk)

Z R

R R H

System Boundary

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014 | Slide 7

– Noise from the shaft – Machine Noise (especially in machine room less

elevators) – Main noise source are mostly the fans – Brake closing noise – Contactors noise

– Piston Effect Noise (Later)

– Noise emanating from the structure

– Distortion of car – Bearings and guide shoe scratching – Chattering All points can be addressed by suitable measures.

| Slide 8

Noise in the Car Causes and Solutions

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

– x- and y-vibration – Guide Rail system

These Vibrations can lead to noise generation in the car.

– z-vibration – Uneven sliding forces – Remaining vibrations from accelerating – Traction media – Torque ripple of machine – (Gearing)

Not interesting regarding noise generation.

| Slide 9

Vibration in the Car

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

– Airborne (mainly emanating from shaft doors) – Shaft noise leaving at door

– Bearings – Chattering

– Piston Effect Noise (Later) – Sough

– Structure Borne (mainly from machine room ) – Machine Vibrations – Brake Vibrations – Contactors noise

All points can be addressed by suitable measures.

| Slide 10

Noise in the Building

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

| Slide 11

Layout

Machine

Room

Machine

Room

(rear)

Machine

Room

Less

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

| Slide 12

MMR

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

« Noise levels in adjacent

rooms are of course in our

circle of concern but

unfortunately not in our own

circle of influence...»

System Boundaries

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014 | Slide 14

Piston Effect

– Car moves air in the shaft

– Shaft is closed at both ends

– Noise is generated at edges

– Repetitive noise is generated at Doors and Brackets

| Slide 15

Piston Effect

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

Car speed

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014 | Slide 16

Piston Effect - Solution

– Two main influence factors

– Speed

– Shaft ratio

| Slide 17

Effects of Piston Effect

– Noise in Car

– Noise on Landings

– Nowadays not only in high-speed elevators – Extremely high shaft utilisation – Much faster elevators

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

Agent Problem

| Slide 18

• Reputation

• High quality product

• Special interests

• Calm apartment

• Speed and space

• Low service fees

• Good Ride Quality in car

• Ease of ordering

• Flexibility in installation

• Cost (Installation)

• Reputation

• Lifetime

Building Owner

Architect

Consultant User

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

Gearless Machines with Standard Traction Media (Belt)

– Gigantic Improvement in Quality – No more rattling chains – No gear noise – Much smaller Machine – Much smaller Inverter BUT

Speeds increased by a factor of Five. Cars got much lighter

(Structure Borne Noise remains reduced)

| Slide 19

Rebound Effect

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

– Ride Quality is projectable.

– Teamwork between all involved agents

– Norms are not very well representing the perceived quality

– Quality of the building is important. (VDI 2566 or similar)

| Slide 20

Conclusion

© Schindler Elevator Ltd. | ESE | Dr. Heinz Widmer | EBI | November 13, 2014

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