siegfried.schrei@siemens.com siegfried schrei siemens mi applications the brains orientation

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Siegfried SchreiSiemens MI Applications

The BRAINs OrientationThe BRAINs Orientation

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Manual Orientation • In addition, the anterior commisure and posterior commisure are

used for the horizontal orientation in the sagittal plane. • The standard orientation calls for lining up the interhemispheric

fissure. This sets the alignment in the coronal and axial planes.

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Where are the Anterior and Posterior commissure?

Positioning of Vertical AC and PC Lines

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Where are the Anterior and Posterior commissure?

Positioning of Vertical AC and PC Lines (Spect fix distance)

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Horizontal AC to PC line

Horizontal AC - PC Line.

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Rotate Brain to Anterior and Posterior commissure axis

Horizontal AC - PC Line.

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Size Alignments

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Talairach Atlas in Neurogam

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The mapped Brain

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Where are the Anterior and Posterior commissure?

The perfect alignment:

Reperate right and left hemisphere

AC – PC line for correct Axial planes

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Coregistration ModalitiesMRI Image or CT images are co registered to the manually reoriented SPECT or PET image by use E.Soft Image Fusion or Syngo 3D Image registration.Manually aligned by visual matching, surface matching or use of anatomical land marks. By far the preferable method is the fully automated alignment based on Mutual Information co registration.When fitting is complete each MRI image is resampled to the SPECT or PET orientation and resolution (128 x 128 Matrix, ca 5 mm cubic voxels).Point to point correspondence with any given set of coordinates referring to the same point in all of the images

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Talairach BoundsDefine a Talairach-based atlas for the each scan individually (MRI more easy compared to SPECT)Landmarks used

Right-most extent of the brainLeft-most extent of the brainAnterior-most extent of the brainPosterior-most extent of the brainSuperior-most extent of the brain Inferior-most extent of the temporal lobeAC and PC locations

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Talairach Atlas

Talairach atlas coordinate system

Resampled image with overlaid Talairach coordinate system

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Talairach Bounds

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Talairach levels of definition

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Talairach RegionsTalairach Atlas warped onto current brain.

Various "boxes" assigned to various regions

Measure volumes of labelled brain regions

Talairach BoxesCyan - Frontal

Blue - TemporalGreen -ParietalRed - Occipital

Pink - CerebellumYellow - Subcortical

Gray - BrainstemGray - Brainstem

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Talairach vs. Brodmann

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The matched regions

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T1 and T2 Images

Tissue Classified

Images

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Cortical Surface

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Neural NetworkCurrently defines the following regions

Caudate

Putamen

Thalamus

Cerebellum

Cerebellar lobes (warping)

Hippocampus (requires editing)

Globus Pallidus (requires editing)

In the near future will use a warped method for all structures – more valid, less editing

Will also add nucleus accumbens and amygdala

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Neural Network Inputs

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Artifical Neural Networks

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Cerebellum LobesCerebellar Lobe Volumes: Uses landmark-based warp for semiautomated measurement of Lobes I through V (anterior lobe), Lobe VI and Crus I of VIIA (superior posterior lobe), Crus II of VIIA through Lobe X (inferior posterior lobe), and the central white matter and output nuclei(corpus medullare).

Siegfried.Schrei@Siemens.com

Talairach Atlas II

What about the cerebellum?Not included in Talairach Atlas

Used for automated gross regional measures

Provides a coordinate system for structure probability