[sistem informasi dan model pengembangannya]

SISTEM INFORMASI KEKAYAAN NEGARA

| Pertemuan 1 | SISTEM INFORMASI DAN MODEL PENGEMBANGANNYA

Program Magister Manajemen | Akuntansi Pemerintahan

Dr. Tb. Maulana Kusuma mkusuma@staff.gunadarma.ac.id | http://mkusuma.staff.gunadarma.ac.id

KONSEP INFORMASI: DATA vs INFORMASI

Data: raw facts– Alphanumeric, image, audio, and video

Information– Organized collection of facts– Have value beyond the facts themselves

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Defining and organizing relationships among data creates information.

Identical data can be represented in different formations different meaning / information.

DATA vs INFORMASI (lanjutan)

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TRANSFORMASI DATA MENJADI INFORMASI

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KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI

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KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI (lanjutan)

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SISTEM INFORMASI Set of interrelated components: collect,

manipulate, disseminate data and information Provide feedback to meet an objective Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems,

course reservation systems

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UNSUR-UNSUR SISTEM INFORMASI

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SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS KOMPUTER

Manual vs Computerized information systems Computer-based information system (CBIS)

– Hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures

– Collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

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KOMPONEN CBIS

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ERA SISTEM INFORMASI Data Processing (DP) Era

– To improve operational efficiency by automating information-based processes

Management Information Systems (MIS) Era– To increase management effectiveness by satisfying their

information requirements for decision making Strategic Information Systems (SIS) Era

– To improve competitiveness by changing the nature or conduct of business –IS/IT as a source of competitive advantage

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JENIS-JENIS SISTEM INFORMASI Transaction processing systems (TPS)

– Capture and record information about organization’s transactions

Management information systems (MIS)– Take information captured by TPS – Produce reports for planning and control

Decision support / knowledge-based systems (DSS/KBS)– Explore impact of available options or decisions (what-if

scenarios)– Automate routine decision making

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JENIS-JENIS SISTEM INFORMASI (lanjutan)

Enterprise applications– Highly integrated systems that support company-wide operations and data

– Often combine aspects of TPS, MIS, DSS/KBS

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Communication support systems– Facilitate communication internally and with customers and suppliers

Office support systems– Help employees create and share documents

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RENCANA STRATEGIS SISTEM INFORMASI

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CONTOH STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DIVISI SISTEM INFORMASI

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SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN

Management information system (MIS)– A collection of people, procedures, software, databases,

devices– Provides information to managers/decision makers

Primary focus is operational efficiency MIS outputs

– Scheduled reports– Demand reports– Exception reports

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SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN

Decision support system (DSS)– A collection of people, procedures, software,

databases, devices– Supports problem-specific decision making

Focus is on decision-making effectiveness

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UNSUR SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN

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UNSUR SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN (lanjutan)

Model base: provides decision makers access to a variety of models and assists them in decision making

Database External database access Access to the Internet and corporate intranet,

networks, and other computer systems Dialogue manager: allows decision makers to easily

access and manipulate the DSS and to use common business terms and phrases

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KEMAMPUAN SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN

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PERBANDINGAN MIS DAN DSS

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PERBANDINGAN MIS DAN DSS (lanjutan)

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KEGAGALAN DALAM PEMANFAATAN INVESTASI TI

Investments made only in technology; Not understanding or analyzing the nature of

activities that the technology is to support – strategically or operationally – in the organization.

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ADAPTASI TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI

Technology diffusion: measure of widespread use of technology

Technology infusion: extent to which technology permeates a department

Technology acceptance model (TAM): specifies factors that can lead to higher acceptance and usage of technology

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SISTEM INFORMASI KEKAYAAN NEGARA

Sistem yang digunakan untuk inventarisasi dan pengelolaan kekayaan negara berbantuan komputer.

Perancangan, pembuatan dan pengelolaan sistem dibawah kendali Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara (DJKN).

DJKN dibentuk sesuai Perpres No. 66 / 2006.

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DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KEKAYAAN NEGARA

Direktorat Jenderal yang mempunyai tugas merumuskan serta melaksanakan kebijakan dan standarisasi teknis di bidang kekayaan negara, piutang negara dan lelang sesuai dengan kebijakan yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Keuangan, dan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id26

DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KEKAYAAN NEGARA (lanjutan)

VISI"Menjadi Pengelola kekayaan Negara, Piutang Negara dan Lelang yang Bertanggung Jawab untuk Sebesar-besar Kemakmuran Rakyat".

MISI Mewujudkan optimalisasi penerimaan, efisiensi pengeluaran dan efektifitas

pengelolaan kekayaan negara; Mengamankan kekayaan negara melalui pembangunan database serta

penyajian jumlah dan nilai eksisting kekayaan negara; Mewujudkan nilai kekayaan negara yang wajar dan dapat dijadikan sebagai

acuan dalam berbagai keperluan penilaian; Melaksanakan pengurusan piutang negara yang efisien, efektif, transparan

dan akuntabel; Mewujudkan lelang sebagai instrumen jual beli yang mampu

mengakomodasikan kepentingan masyarakat. Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id27

DIREKTORAT HUKUM DAN INFORMATIKATUGAS DAN FUNGSIDi bidang hukum, bertugas melaksanakan pengharmonisasian dan penyusunan peraturan perundangan dan petunjuk teknis dibidang pengelolaan kekayaan negara, penilaian, pengurusan piutang negara, dan pelaksanaan lelang, termasuk di dalamnya kegiatan koordinasi penyusunan rancangan peraturan, evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan peraturan, publikasi dan pengelolaan dokumen hukum, penyiapan petunjuk pelaksanaan pemberian bantuan hukum, dan pelaksanaan bantuan hukum. Di bidang informatika, bertugas melaksanakan penyiapan bahan pengembangan sistem informasi di bidang kekayaan negara, penilaian, piutang negara dan lelang; pengolahan data, layanan informasi dan pengelolaan pusat informasi, pelaksanaan bimbingan teknis sistem informasi, penyusunan manual sistem dan dokumentasi program aplikasi, dan pembinaan jabatan fungsional Pranata Komputer.

Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id28

STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DIREKTORAT HUKUM DAN INFORMATIKA

Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id29

SMIPT-KN

Sistem Manajemen Informasi Pelayanan Terpadu – Kekayaan Negara.

Sistem yang digunakan untuk inventarisasi kekayaan negara.

Pengelolanya adalah Direktorat Hukum dan Informasi, Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara.

Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id30

PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN

DJKN memiliki 19.000 Satuan Kerja (Satker) untuk menangani Sistem Akuntansi Barang Milik Negara (SABMN).

Dari 19.000 Satker, 7000 Satker telah menggunakan komputer.

SMIPT-KN didukung oleh 87 Unit Kerja diseluruh Indonesia, dimana setiap Unit Kerja memiliki 50-400 orang karyawan.

Sumber: DJKN melalui wawancara31

PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN (lanjutan)

SMIPT-KN menggunakan Oracle sebagai basis data-nya dan dilengkapi fitur geographic information system (GIS), serat mampu melakukan scanning dokumen penunjang.

Sumber daya manusia di kantor pusat terdiri dari 11 orang yang dibantu oleh pihak lain melalui outsourcing.

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PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN (lanjutan)

Menyiapkan cetak biru (blue print) dan aplikasi SMIPT-KN yang dimulai pada tahun 2008 selama 3 tahun.

Dalam jangka waktu 5 tahun ke depan (tahun 2013), seluruh kekayaan negara sudah didokumentasikan didalam SMIPT-KN.

Saat ini sistem belum tersedia dan proses perancangan masih belum bisa diakses oleh publik.

Sumber: DJKN melalui wawancara33

PENGHAPUSAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA SELAIN TANAH DAN/ATAU BANGUNAN

Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id34

PEMINDAHTANGANAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA

Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id35

GAMBARAN UMUM PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM

System development project– Planned undertaking with fixed beginning and end– Produces desired result or product – Can be a large job with thousands of hours of effort or a

small one-month project Successful development project

– Provides a detailed plan to follow– Organized, methodical sequence of tasks and activities– Produces reliable, robust, and efficient system

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SIKLUS PEMBANGUNAN SISTEM

Systems development life cycle (SDLC)– Provides overall framework for managing systems

development process Two main approaches to SDLC

– Predictive approach – assumes project can be planned out in advance

– Adaptive approach – more flexible, assumes project cannot be planned out in advance

All projects use some variation of SDLC

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PREDICTIVE vs ADAPTIVE

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PENDEKATAN SDLC TRADISIONAL Project planning – initiate, ensure feasibility,

plan schedule, obtain approval for project Analysis – understand business needs and

processing requirements Design – define solution system based on

requirements and analysis decisions Implementation – construct, test, train users,

and install new system Support – keep system running and improve

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MODEL SIKLUS SDLC TRADISIONAL

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PENDEKATAN SDLC ADAPTIF Based on spiral model

– Project cycles through development activities over and over until project is complete

– Prototype created by end of each cycle– Focuses on mitigating risk

Iteration – Work activities are repeated

– Each iteration refines previous result

– Approach assumes no one gets it right the first time

– There are a series of mini projects for each iteration

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MODEL SIKLUS SPIRAL

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MODEL SIKLUS ITERATIF

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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP PERENCANAAN

Define business problem and scope. Produce detailed project schedule. Confirm project feasibility

– Economic, organizational, technical, resource, and schedule.

Staff the project (resource management). Launch project official announcement.

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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP ANALISIS

Gather information to learn problem domain Define system requirements Build prototypes for discovery of requirements Prioritize requirements Generate and evaluate alternatives Review recommendations with management

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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP PERANCANGAN

Design and integrate the network Design the application architecture Design the user interfaces Design the system interfaces Design and integrate the database Prototype for design details Design and integrate system controls

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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP IMPLEMENTASI

Construct software components Verify and test Convert data Train users and document the system Install the system

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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP SUPPORT

Maintain system– Small patches, repairs, and updates

Enhance system– Small upgrades or enhancements to expand system

capabilities– Larger enhancements may require separate

development project Support users

– Help desk and/or support team

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TREND PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM

Mengutamakan pendekatan adaptif, seperti: The Unified Process (UP) – iterative and incremental

software development process framework. Extreme Programming (XP) – a development process

that is more responsive to customer needs than traditional methods, while creating software of better quality.

Agile Modeling – hybrid of UP and XP. Scrum – an iterative incremental process of software

development.49

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Ralph Stair and George Reynolds, Fundamentals of Information Systems,

John Satzinger, Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition, Thomson Learning, 2006.

Situs Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara <http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id>

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