slicing the wage pie: addressing income inequality of ...slicing the wage pie: addressing income...

Terrence Willett, Doreen O’Donovan, Leila Jamoosian, Megan Leonard, & Val Otazu

Monterey, CAIR 2019

Slicing The Wage Pie:Addressing IncomeInequality of Graduates

Vision for Success Goals for Example College

High Profile Income Equity Issues

2010-11

2016-19

US Women soccer players earned less but contributed a higher % of world cup revenue

US Women soccer players generated more revenue than men

US female figure skating generates more revenue than male figure skating but pay is equal

Types of Pay Differentials

Pay Inequity Pay Segregation

Full-Time v. Part-Time

2 people of different demographics with same job title and experience, paid differently

Inequity due to different proportions of workers by demographics in particular industries

Working 75% time often has <75% compensation impacting those needings flexible schedules

Assessing Income Equity

Access to wage dataCTEOS, EDD/LMI, EMSI, Launchboard, & others

Accurate classification of job titles

Comparing pay across different job titles and adjusting for inflation

Total compensation v. hourly wageHealth care including maternity leaveAccess to overtime or other bonus wage opportunitySchedule flexibility

Smallest gender wage

gaps appear in the

lowest paid

occupations and

biggest wage gaps

appear in the highest

paid occupations.

Gender wage gaps

occur between

occupations and

within occupations.

Institute for Women’s Policy Research, The Gender Wage Gap by Occupation in 2017 and by Race and

Ethnicity:

Netflix: Explainedhttps://www.vox.com/2018/9/7/17828964/gender-wage-gap-explained-netflix

2018 Research from Denmarkhttps://www.henrikkleven.com/uploads/3/7/3/1/37310663/kleven-landais-sogaard_nber-w24219_jan2018.pdfhttps://www.vox.com/2018/2/19/17018380/gender-wage-gap-childcare-penalty

33%Attributed to occupation

Education narrows gap by 6%

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/130341/1/dp9656.pdf

Sources of Employment Data

• CA Employment Development Department (EDD)- Not self reported- W-2 wages in CA only, no independent contractor, out-of-state, or federal wages- Difficult (but not impossible) for individual college to get

• Annual Survey of CTE concentrators administered by Santa Rosa Junior College (SJRC) - Self-report- All types of wages in any location- Only for CTE students at Community Colleges

• Other

Examining Equity with CTE Outcomes Survey Data

https://cteos.santarosa.edu/

• Local Analysis

• SJRC CTEOS Tableau Reports

• CTE Data Launchboard

• Local Dashboards

Bay Area CTEOS Post College Wages 2015-2018 (preliminary)

Sidebar: Adjusting for Inflation

Wagecurrent = Wageyear x * (CPI-Ucurrent / CPI-Uyear x)

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

National and regional valuesSeasonally adjusted and unadjustedUrban wage earners (CPI-U) or all wage earners

https://www.bls.gov/cpi/

Interesting CTEOS Response Examples

table titlesTW std10 if std10 != " " & titlesTW=="Accountant",

contents(mean current_wagesCPI2019

count current_wagesCPI2019 )

table titlesTW std10 if std10 != " " &

std10 != "N" &

std10 != "P" &

titlesTW=="Registered Nurse",

contents(mean current_wagesCPI2019

count current_wagesCPI2019 )

Bay Area CTEOS 2015-2018 Average Wages by Gender by Sector (preliminary)

$0 $20 $40 $60

Small Business

Retail/Hospitality/Tourism

Public Service

Other

Life Sciences / Biotechnology

Information & Communication…

Health

Global Trade & Logistics

Energy, Construction & Utilities

Education

Business

Agriculture, Water & Environmental…

Advanced Transportation & Renewable…

Advanced Manufacturing and Advanced…

Male

Female

Bay Area CTEOS 2015-2018 Number of Students with Wages by Gender by Sector (preliminary) Female Male

Advanced Manufacturing and Advanced Technology 39 351

Advanced Transportation & Renewable Energy 19 318

Agriculture, Water & Environmental Technologies 75 104

Business 1,427 1,306

Education 95 29

Energy, Construction & Utilities 95 285

Global Trade & Logistics 2 12

Health 1,773 573

Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) / Digital Media 504 871

Life Sciences / Biotechnology 55 64

Other 170 52

Public Service 494 782

Retail/Hospitality/Tourism 351 189

Small Business 1,157 135

Female

Nursing Student Wage Gain

Male

Bay Area Launchboard Median Annual Earnings 1-year after Exit 2012-2016

By M Tracy Hunter - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33962866

Regulations

Federal Equal Pay Act

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

CA Equal Pay Act

Local Policies &UnionContracts

Prohibits sex-based discrimination including bonuses, company cars, exp accounts, insurance, etc.

Changes timeline for complaints:Each paycheck is a new act of discrimination rather than the first paycheck thus extending timeline for a complaint.

Includes ethnicity and was expanded in 2015 to make changes in how pay comparison analyses are conducted.

SCFFplications What is the relationship among:

Program of study

Participation rate of Pell, Promise, & 1st generation students

Likelihood of completion

Overall wage gains

Wage equity

Advising new students into programs

Advisory committees with local employers on income equity

Hosting hiring equity workshops

Negotiation courses for students

What Can Colleges Influence?

Your Turn

Thank You!

Terrence Willett

terrence@cabrillo.edu

Leila Jamoosian

Megan Leonard

Doreen O’Donovan

Val Otazu