social situation in russia: the social quality approach natalia s. grigorieva moscow state...
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Social Situation in Russia:the Social Quality Approach
Natalia S. Grigorieva
Moscow State University named after M.V.
Lomonosov
Taiwan, March, 2007
The main problems of Russia in Social Policy
The social policy measures are aimed to minimize social function of the whatever social rhetoric's are used
1. In Russian Literature is no wide discussion on the model of social policy as well as on theoretical approaches that foreign researchers are developing
2. The theme of social solidarity seems to gradually disappear from context of Russian social police
3. No tradition of social policy research in Russia in its classical western understanding
The main problems of Russia in Social Policy (contd.)
4. One of the serious flaws of modern Russia social policy theory is in fact the Soviet social policy is a definitely under research area
5. The very important issue is disintegration of the common social space
6. Over the 16 years reforms (stating from 1990), the indicators of social sphere development in Russia deteriorated
SOCIAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA
DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS
1989-- 147,0 mln 2006 – 142,2 mln
1989-2004 (- 3,5 mln)
HIGH MORTALITY RATES (per 1000)-growing
1989 -- 10,7 2004 -- 16,0
LOW BIRTH RATES (per 1000) -decreasing
1989 -- 14, 6 2004 –10, 4
SOCIAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA (contd)
LOW LIVING STANDARDS
LOW LIFE EXPECTENCY AT BIRTH MEN — 58,89 WOMEN — 72,30 GENDER GAP – 13 years
HIGH MORTALITY RATES IN WORKING AGE (per 100 000)
1999 – 675 2004 -- 800
SOCIAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA (contd)
POVERTY – below poverty line
2004 -- 17,8 % (25,5 mln people)
1992 – 33,5 %
INCOME INEQUALITY - GINI
2004 – 0,407
1992 – 0,260
INCOME INEQUALITY –
10 th highest/ 10 th lowest = 26,4
SOCIAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA (contd)
Average monthly income
Average monthly wage before tax
Average pension
Minimum wage
Monthly child allowance untill16
Monthly child allowance 0-1,5
SHARE OF SUBSISTENCE MINIMUM, 2004 – 2,451 rub
309.2
281.9
109.6
22.3
3
21
SOCIAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA (contd)
LABOUR MARKETLOW MINIMUM WAGE2006 – 1100 rub. ($ 42)LOW WAGES (STATE EMPLOYEES)Average monthly wage before tax– 674013 % of employees in industry41 % of employees in health and social care –
subsistence min and belowUNEMPLOYMENT2004 – 8,3 % of economically active population
DO WE HAVE SOCIAL POLICY?DECREASE IN STATE PARTICIPATION
DECENTRALISATION
PERSONAL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
LIBERALISATION
PRIVATISATION
FEE FOR SERVICE
SOCIAL ( WELFARE) STATE FOR THOSE WHO CAN PAY?
LACK OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY
LOW RESISTANCE
LOW SOCIAL MOBILITY (EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY)
SOCIAL POLICY MYTHS
PRIVATE PROVISION IS ALWAYS BETTER THAN PUBLIC
PEOPLE (ESPECIALLY BETTER-OFF) PREFER TO PAY, EVEN MORE, THEY WANT TO PAY
FINANCING SOCIAL POLICY
BUDGET
OUT-OF–BUDGET SOCIAL FUNDS
OUT-OF-POCKET
FINANCING SOCIAL POLICY - % GDP
1997 2001 2004
BUDGET(total)
10,9 8.1 8,7
federal 2,5 2.3 2,1
regional 8,4 5,8 6.6
Social funds
10,0 7,9 8,2
13285,2
16779
21000
2945331220
2586,23428,9
4979,86159,1
6965,3
23722698,9
3539,4
4388,65463,5
214,2730
1440,3
1770,51501,8
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
GDP Income Expensd profitsit
2003 г. 2004 г. 2005 г. 2006 г. (ожидаемое исполнение) 2007 г. (проект)
GDP and Budget in 2003 - 2007 (billion. rubles)
FINANCING SOCIAL POLICY- SOCIAL FUNDS 1993-2001
PENSION FUND
EMPLOYMENT FUND
SOCIAL INSURANCE FUNDCOMPULSORY HEALTH INSURANCE FUNDS
EMPLOYERS EMPLOYEES 28 % 1% 1,5%
none
5,4% none
3,6%
none
UNIFIED SOCIAL TAX35.6% (2001) - 26.0 % (2005)
P E N S IO N F U N D2 0 %
S O C IA L IN S U R A N C E F U N D3 ,2 %
C O M P U L S O R Y H E A L TH IN S U R A N C E F U N D S2 ,8 %
U N IF IE D S O C IA L TA X
SOCIAL POLICY-RECENT INITIATIVES
MONETARISATION OF IN-KIND BENEFITS
NATIONAL PROJECTS
National Projects
HEALTH
EDUCATION
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
AGRICULTURE COMPLEX
But, the new initiatives in social policy-- are aimed to solve acute but yet very concrete social problems
21,9 23,4
29,3
48,9
62,6
107,7
37,2
50,8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Agriculture Education Health Affordable Housing
Financing National Progects
2006 год 2007 год
The Future of Social Policy One of the problem is stuck with the absence of clearly defined mechanism of social standards (several legally established; minimal wage, socially guaranteed norms, of the social infrastructure and etc)
These norms are fragmented and exist outside any system
A need for Federal law able to standardize not just elements of social sphere, but a decent living standard of every citizen of the country
Broad theoretical discussion
Systematic versus fragmentary approach
Changing financing mechanisms
The work during this conference, may help us delineate our own work more clearly and may give us ideas for future work.
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