social structure and norms review
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Social Structure and Norms ReviewBlackhurst
AgendaIt’s been a while… so let’s review what we’ve learned. 1234
NormsMore, Folkways, Laws
CultureMaterial and Non-material culture
SanctionsFormal, Informal, Positive, Negative
ValuesHow can we tell what a society values?
5678
American ValuesRobin Williams’
Culture ChangeDiffusion, Discovery and Invention
Subcultureand Countercultures
Components of CultureTaboos, Symbols, Language
MORES Have a greater moral significance Violations of Mores endangers the well-being & stability of society Do not kill other people Do not steal Do not hurt children Keep your promises Pay back borrowed money
Rules that cover customary practices without a moral concern Males—take off hats inside a building Sending “Thank You” notes Using proper table manners Do not eat peas with your fingers Shake hands when you are introduced to someone Get to class on time Do your homework Do not cut in line
FOLKWAYS
NormsMores, Folkways, Laws
Laws are mores
formalized into laws.
Culture
Material Culture.• The concrete, tangible objects of a culture.• All of these physical aspects of a culture help to define its members‘ behaviors and perceptions.Ex: Art pieces, sculptures, computers
Non-Material Culture.• Non-Material Culture---ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people’s behaviors
Material and Non-material
Can you come up with more examples of
material/non-material culture?
What are the possible sanctions for someone who received a D in Sociology on their report card?
• Negative – Having a “D” bring your gpa down.• Positive – none• Formal – Teacher calls home.• Informal – Your friends make fun of you because they know
sociology is an easy class.
SanctionsFormal, Informal, Positive and Negative
ValuesHow can we tell what a society values?
Societies values show up in their norms.
If a culture values a specific set of rules for it’s people, it will impose those rules upon the people by making them conform to norms.
American ValuesRobin Williams
(1) Achievement and Success(2) Individualism(3) Activity and Work(4) Efficiency and
Practicality(5) Science and
Technology(6) Progress
(7) Material Comfort(8) Humanitarianism(9) Freedom(10) Democracy(11) Equality(12) Racism and Group Superiority(13) Education(14) Religiosity(15) Romantic Love
Diffusion - process of spreading culture traits from society to society. Technology and material traits diffuse faster than beliefs and ideas. Discovery – societies creating culture based on discovery for new uses of former ways to conform
Ex: Light bulb (There was always a way to light a room with a candle. They discovered a new way.)
Invention – Creation of culture traits and patterns from new elements in a society
Culture ChangeDiffusion, Discovery and Invention
SubcultureAnd counterculture.
• Subculture a group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important respects
• Counterculture a subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture
Culture ComponentsCultu
re Patterns
combination of a number
of culture
complexes into
an interrelated whole
Culture Complexes
individual culture traits combine to form culture
Culture Traitsindividual tool, act, or belief that’s related to a
particular situation or need
Symbols stand for or represent something else. Some symbols have greater meaning than others.
Language affects culture in different ways. It helps define reality by restricting thought to available words. It shapes behavior in the same manner. Equipped with language, humans can pass their experiences, ideas, and knowledge to others.
CultureSymbols, Language
Arapesh v. MundugumorWhat did we learn about their personalities compared with their culture?
Who studied these cultures?Margaret MeadWhere did she study?New GuineaWhen did she study?1930sWhy did she study these people?Her purpose was to determine whether differences in personal temperament results mainly from inherited characteristics or cultural influences.
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