solid state drive(ssd) (pranav)

Apr 11, 2023

Solid State Drive(SSD)

Presented By- Pranav Bharti

Shailesh Kumar Prateek Kumar

{IIIrd Year}(COMPUTER SCIENCE&ENGINEERING)

Apr 11, 2023

Contents

Introduction Development & History Structure Memory Controller Bandwidth & Interleave Performance Technical Comparison of SSD & HDD Advantage Disadvantage SSD Application Conclusion

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Introduction A solid-state drive(SSD)is a data storage

device that uses solid state memory to store persistent data. It is flash based storage device and It uses same I/O interface developed for hard disk drives.

SSDs do not have any moving mechanical components, which distinguishes them from traditional magnetic disks such as hard disk drives(HDDs).

In contrast, SSDs use microchips that retain data in non-volatile memory chips and contain no moving parts. 

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Development & History

The origins of SSDs came from the 1950s using two similar technologies, magnetic core memory and card capacitor read-only store(CCROS)  These auxiliary memory units as they were called at the time, emerged during the era of vacuum tube  computers.

Later, in the 1970s and 1980s, SSDs were implemented in semiconductor memory for early supercomputer  of IBM, Amdahl and Cry.

In 1995, M-Systems introduced flash-based solid-state drives. They had the advantage of not requiring batteries to maintain the data in the memory (required by the prior volatile memory systems), but were not as fast as the DRAM-based.

Flash-based SSDs

Origin

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Structure

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Memory

Flash memory-based SSDs: Use non volatile NAND flash memory. Ability to retain the data without a constant

power supply. Lower cost compared to DRAM. Flash memory SSDs are slower than DRAM

solution. DRAM-based SSDs: Based on volatile memory such as DRAM. Internal battery or an external AC/DC adapter is

needed to hold the data. Ultrafast data access. Primarily to accelerate application. Higher cost compared to NAND flash memory.

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Controller

The controller is an embedded processor and executes firmware level code.

Every SSD includes a controller i.e. an embedded processor that executes firmware-level code and is one of the most important factors of SSD performance.

Functions: Error Correction(ECC). Wear levelling. Bad block mapping. Read scrubbing and read disturb management. Read and write caching. Garbage collection. Encryption.

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Bandwidth and interleave

• Without interleaving– For read: 25+100 us per page

• 8000 reads/s = 32MB/s

– For write: 200+100 us per page• 3330 writes/s = 13 MB/s

• With interleaving– For read

• 10000 reads/s = 40MB/s

– For write• 5000 writes/s = 20 MB/s

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Performance

• Read– 25μs from page to data register– 100μs transfer in the serial line

• Write– Page granularity– Sequentially with in a block– Block must be erased before writing– 200μs from register into flash cells

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Technical Comparison of SSD & HDD

Solid-State Drive Hard Disk DriveRandom access time 0.1 ms. Random access time 5-10 ms.

Read latency time very low. Read latency time high.

100MB/s to 500MB/s. 50MB/s to 100MB/s.

High Reliability. Low reliability.

SSDs have no moving parts to fail mechanically.

HDDs have moving parts and are subject to sudden failure.

Small and light weight. Relatively large and heavy.

Till now SSDs are available in size up to 512GB.

Till now HDDs are available up to 4TB .

Power Consumption 2watts 12 watts.

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Advantages

High performance-Significantly faster than a standard HDD.

Faster seek time-Up to 60x faster than HDD. Higher reliability-No moving parts.Lower power-Lesser power consumption, cooler

operation.Silent Operation-Ideal for post production

environments.Light weight-Perfect for portable devices.Wider Operating Temp.

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Disadvantages

They are more expansive than traditional hard drives.

They currently offer less storage space then traditional hard drives.

Slower write speed.

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SSD Applications

ServersDesktop ComputersLaptopsUltrabooksHD CamcorderSmart TVSet Top Boxes

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Privately Held, 2006, Gyeonggi-Do, S. Korea Claims fastest enterprise class SSD Very close ties to Seoul National University and Samsung Distribution deal with Imation who is better known for

optical Controller IP from Indilinx, founded by other SNU

graduates

NASDAQ: SMOD, 1985, Fremont, CA 61% of 2007’s $828.4 million revenue was generated by HP

& Cisco SMART recently purchased Adtron Close ties to Francisco Partners, Silverlake, & Samsung

NASDAQ: STEC, 1985, Santa Ana, CA Zeus IOPS is the highest performing enterprise class SSD STEC’s differentiator is its in-house controller technology Margins could be pressured as competitors improve

product performance

Mtron

SMART Modular

STEC

SSD-Enterprise Leaders

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Conclusion

Faster Data AccessLess Power UsageHigher ReliabilityLatest high-end Laptops and Ultrabooks now

comes with SSDIn coming years SSD will replace HDD

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QUERY ?

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