soviet scientist, dr. nikolai . · pdf file6/2/16 1 the initial research on adaptogens was...
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The initial research on adaptogens was started in 1947 by a Soviet scientist, Dr. Nikolai Lazarev.
Much of the early research into adaptogens was done by Dr. I.I. Brekhman
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In 1969 Brekhman and Dardymovdefined the generalpharmacological properties of adaptogenic substances:
a) The substance is relatively non-toxic to the recipient.
b) An adaptogen has “non-specific” activity and acts by increasing resistance of the organism to a broad spectrum of adverse biological, chemical, and physical factors.
c) These substances tend to help regulate or normalize organ and system function within the organism.
Several theories of adaptogenic effects have been suggested.Dardymov and Kirkorian argued that adaptogens functionprimarily due to their antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects. While many plants have antioxidantactivity the vast majority of them are not adaptogens.
Research by Panossian postulates that adaptogens work primarily by affecting the Hypothalamic/ Pituitary/Adrenal (HPA) axis and the Sympathoadrenal System(SAS). Thus, adaptogens modulate our response to stress(physical, environmental, or emotional) and help regulate the interconnected endocrine, immune, and nervoussystems.
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This re-regulation of a disordered or highly stressedsystem is achieved by metabolic regulators such ascytokines, catecholamines, glucocorticoids, cortisol,serotonin, nitric oxide (NO), cholecystokinin,corticotrophin- releasing factor (CRF), and sexhormones. This broad array of biochemicalactivators helps explain why adaptogens also have antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic, anti-depressant, nervine, and amphoteric effects as well.
A new area of study known asmicrobial endocrinology has found that high levels of stresshormones can make us more susceptible to infection. Adaptogens can help prevent bacterial infections by reducing cortisol levels. By enhancing immune function adaptogens mayhelp resolve infections as well.
New research by Panossian and Wagner expands on previous research and they have found a cellular mechanism for adaptogenic activity. Adaptogens activate chaperone molecules known as heat shockproteins (Hsp70, Hsp16), a forkheadprotein (FOXO) and neuropeptide y, which prevent mitochondrial dysfunction caused by chronically elevated stress hormones.
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Asian Ginseng root - Panax ginseng
Cordyceps fungus - Cordyceps sinensis
Eleuthero root - Eleutherococcus senticosis
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Rhaponticum root - Rhaponticum carthamoides
Rhodiola root - Rhodiola rosea
©Herbalis t&Alchemist,Inc.
Wu Wei Zi berries/seeds - Schisandra chinensis
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Jiaogulan herb – Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Licorice rhizome - Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis
Morinda root - Morinda officinalis
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Reishi fungus - Ganoderma lucidum
Shatavari root - Asparagus racemosus
Shilajit bituminous pitch
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Tienqi Ginseng – Panax notoginseng
Possible Adaptogens
Aralia mandshurica, A. elata, A. schmidtii roots
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Bryonia root - Bryonia alba
Epimedium/Yin Yang Huo leaf – Epimedium spp.
Eucommia bark - Eucommia ulmoides
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Guduchi stem - Tinospora cordifola
Prince Seng root - Pseudostellaria heterophylla
©Martin Wall
Suma bark - Pfaffia paniculata
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Additional Plants Claimed to be Adaptogens
Bacopa herb (Bacopa monniera)
Chebulic Myrobalans (Terminalia chebula)
Cross Vine leaf (Bignonia capreolata)
Elecampane Root (Inula helenium)
Gotu Kola herb (Centella asiatica)
Hoppea root (Hoppea dichotoma)
Maca tuber (Lepedium meyenii)
Mimosa stem bark (Albizzia julibrissin)
Nettle seed (Urtica dioica)
Oplopanax elatus/Echinopanax elatus bark
Pippali Long Pepper (Piper longum)
Policias root (Policias fruticosum)
St. John's wort herb (Hypericum perforatum)
Sea Buckthorn leaf (Hippophae rhamnoides)
Shankhpushpi herb (Evolvus alsinoides)
Trichopus seed (Trichopus zeylanicus)
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Chamomile flower – Matricaria recutita
Lemon Balm herb – Melissa officinalis
Linden flower – Tilia platyphyllos, T. cordata
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Betony – Stachys officinalis
St. John’s wort herb – Hypericum perforatum
Passion Flower leaves, vine – Passiflora incarnata
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Rosemary herb – Rosmarinus officinalis
Lavender – Lavandula angustifolia
Mimosa bark and flower – Albizia julibrissin
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Hawthorne berries, flowers, leaves – Crataegus oxycanthoides
Lycium/Goji fruit – Lycium chinense, L. barbarum
Maca tuber – Lepidium meyenii
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