space shuttle roll out press kit
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NAESA Nevvs"'-63Narwhal Aeronautics an dSrace Adm'n'sration
Washington DC 20546AC 202 75 5 8370
*. For Release IDMEDIATE
Press KitProject SPACE SHUTTLE ROLL-OUT
RELEASE 11O: 76-149
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RELEASE NO: 76-149
C014TENTS
GENERAL RELEASE..........................*....... 1-7
SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITER - OV 101CHiRONOLOGICAL EVET V.... N....... S.. 8-10
SPACE TRAZISPORTlATION SYSTM T............ 11
APPROACH AND LANDING TESS............. 12-13
CARRIER A I R C R A F T ........................ 14-19
APPROACH AND LANDING TEST TIMLlN ......... 14
TENTATIVE FREE FLIGHT PLL A............ 20-21
SPACE SHUTTLE SILT CREWS ................ o........ 22
74 7 CARRIER AIRCRAFT CREW ..................... o ........ *3
GROUND VIBRATION TESTS ............. * ................ 4-25
PROGRM A N G M E N T ........... *..E... 26
SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM: O F F I C I A L S . . . . . . . . . 27-29
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National Aeronautics an dSpace Administration
Washington D C 20546AC 20 2 755-8370
For Release
IMMEDIATEDavid GarrettHeadquarters, Washington, D.C.
- (Phone: 202/755-3090)
Bob GordonJohnson Space Center, Houston, Tex.(Phone: 713/483-5111)
RELEASE NO: 76-149
SHUTTLE ROLL-OUT SET FOR SIa1T. 17
The Flagshipof th e new er a of space t ransportat ion
wil l be unveiled at Palvdale, Calif . , Sept. 17, 1976, when
Orbiter 101, the first reusable Space Shuttle vehicleis
pu t on public display by the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration. The Space Shuttle, a versatileand
reusable spacecraft , is scheduled to begin Earth orbi tal
flights in 1979.
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National, state and local officials have been
invited to attend the rollout and unveiling of the Orbiter,
at the NASA Rockwell International Space Division assembly
plant at Palmdale. Congressional leaders and NASA officia's
will take part in the program which is scheduled to begin at
9:30 a.m. PDT Sept. 17.
Although Orbiter 101 is the first vehicle of f the
assembly line, it will not fly into space until the early
1980s. Its first job in 1977 will be as a test vehicle.
It will be launched from the top of a modified 747 jetliner
in a series of manned flights (Approach and Landing Tests -
ALT) to verify its aerodynamic and flight control characteris-
tics at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC), Edwards
Ai r Force Base, Calif. Subsequent to ALT, extensive ground
vibration tests will be conducted in 1978 at NASAs Marshdll
Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, Ala. When these
tests ar e concluded, Orbiter 101 will be returned to Palmdale,
Calif., for modifications to prepare it for space flight.
Th e second Orbiter (OV-102) will be used in the initial Earth
orbital flights from NASA's Kennedy Spate Center, Fla., in
1979.
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The Orb i t e r, workhorse of th e Space Shu t t l e program,
is designed to be used as many as 100 times, It is as large
as a commercial je t airliner (DC-9); its empty weight is
67,500 kilograms (150,000 pounds); it is 45 meters (122 feet)
in length and it has a wingspan of 14.4 meters (78 Beet).
Th e Space Shuttle is composed of th e orbiter, two
solid rocket boosters and an external fuel tank which feeds
th e Orbiter's three main engines. The Orbiter is attached to
the back of the fuel tank and the solid boosters ar e attached
to each side of the external tank. The solid rocket boosters
will be recovered, refurbished and reused. Th e external tank
will he jettisoned bu t no t recovered.
Th e Orbiter is capable of carrying inside its 60-foot-
long and 15-foot-wide cargo bay, a 29,250 kg (65,000 lb.)
payload into low Earth orbit about 320 kilometers (200 miles)
altitude.
Th e Orbiter wil1 be launched as a rocket and, after
its Earth orbital mission is completed, will return to Earth
and land l ike an ai rcraf t a t designated runways in California
or Florida.
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Under construction since Ju:te 19, 1974, the Orbiter's
main parts come from numerous aerospace contractors throughout
th e country. Th e crew module and aft fuselage were fabricated
by the prime contractor, Rockwell International's Space
Division, Calif.; the mi d fuselage (cargo bay) by General
Dynamics, San Diego, Calif.; wings by the Grumman Aerospace
Corporation of Bethpage, N.Y.; and it s tail assembly by the
Fairchild Republic Company, Farmingdale, N.Y. Th e Orbiter's
three main engines, which provide 211,500 kg (470,000 lb.)
of thrust each at launch, are bef.oAg built by the Rocketdyne
Division, Rockwell International, Canoga Park, Calif.
Late in Jan. 1977, Orbiter 101will be moved from
Palmdale to nearby DFRC, a distance of 56 km (35 mi.),
where approach and landing tests will be conducted.
(END OF GENERAL RELEASE. BACKGROUND IIFORMATION FOLLOWS.)
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SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITER - O' 101
CIiRONOLOG:CAXL EVENiTS
Aug. 9, 1972 NASA gives au thor i ty to proceed onSpace Shuttle Or.Liter contract.(Selection of Rockwell International'3
Space Division announced July 16, 1972.)
June 4, 1974 Orbiter Vehicle O' 101-Start structuralassembly of crew module (Downey)
Aug. 26, 1974 OV-10'-Start structural assembly of af tfuselage (Downey)
Mar. 27, 1975 OV-10i-Mid fuselage (General Dynamics,Sa n Diego) delivered to Palmdale facility
May 23, 1975 OV-101-Wings (Gruxr6nan, N.Y.) delivered toPalmdale .acility
May 25, 1975 OV-101-Vertical stabilizer (Fairchild,N.Y.) delivered to Palmdale facility.
Aug. 25, 1975 OV-101-Start final assembly and mating(Palmdale)
Sept. 9, 1975 OV-101-Aft fuselage ,Space Division)delivered to Palmdale
Oct. 31, 1975 OV-101-Lower forward fuzz-2ge (SpaceDivision) delivered to Palmdale
?Iov. 17, 1975 OV-102-Start fabrication c' crew module(First orbital flight vehicle)
Dec. 1, 1975 OV-101-Upper forward fuselage (Space
Division) delivered to Palmdaie
Jan. 16, 1976 OV-101-Crew module (Space Division)delivered to Palmdale
Mar. 3, 1976 OV-101-Cargo bay doors (Tulsa Division)delivered to Palmdale
Mar. 12. 1976 OV-lO1-Complete final assembly and close-out systems installation (Palmdale)
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Mar. 15, 1976 OV-101-Start functional checkout (Palmdale)
April 19, 1976 OV-102-Start assembly of forward fuselage(Downey)
June 1976 OV-102-Start assembly of crew module (Downey)OV-101-Complete functional checkout (Palmdale)OJ-101-Start ground vibration and proof loadtests (Palmdale)
Aug.-SeDt. 1976 OV-102-Start assembly of forwa-rd fuselage(Downey) NASA 747 (Bceing ferry aircraft)-
Structural modification (Seactle)
Sept. 17, 1976 Rollout first Space Shuttle Orbiter (OV-101)(Palmdale)
OV-102-Start assembly of a f t fuselage(Downey)
Oct.-Nov. 1976 OV-101-Start r e t e s t (Palmdale)NASA 747-Complete modificationOV-'01-Ccmplete integrated systemscheckout (Palmdale)
Jan.-Feb. 1977 OV-101-Configuration inspection (Palmdale)OV-102-Deliver mi d fuselage to Palmdale
OV-101-First captive flight with NASA 747(Dryden)
July-Aug. 1977 OV-101-First free flight approach andlanding t e s t (ALT) (Dryden)OV-102-Start f inal assembly and closeoutsystems instal lat ion (Palmdale)OV-102-Delivcr lower and upper forwardfuselage and af t fuselage to PalmdaleOV-102-Deliver wings to Palmdale
Sept.-Oct. 1977 OV-102-Deliver crew module, verticalstabilizer, and body flaps to Palmdale
Nov. 1977 OV-102-Complete final assembly and close-ou t systems installation (Palmdale)OV-102-Start functional checkout (Palmdale)
Jan. 1978 OV-101-Complete free flight tests
Mar. 1978 OV-101-Deliver orbiter to Marshall SpaceFlight Center, Ala. (MSFC) (ferried byNASA 747) for vertical ground vibrationtest
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Apr. 1978 Ov-101-Start vert ical ground vibration test(2ISFC)
May 1978 OV-101-Deliver external tank for ver t ica lground vibrat ion t e s t to MSFC Ala.
July 1978 OV-102-Complete configuration inspection(Palmdale)
OV-102-Final acceptance ro l lou t (Palmdale)
Aug. 1978 OV-102-Deliver first orbi ta l f l ight vehicleto Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Fla.
Dec. 1978 OV-li-Complete vert ical ground vibrat iont e s t (MSFC)OV-102-Ready fo r t ransfer to Pad 39A (KSC)
Feb. 1979 OV-1O1-Deliver to Rockwell, Palmdale, ands t a r t modification.
Mar, 1979 OV-102-First manned orbi ta l f l ight , SpaceTransportation System (KSC)
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SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
The Space Transportation System of the next decadewill consist of the Space Shuttle, Spacelab and upper
stages to propel payloads beyond the capability of the
Shuttle to synchronous orbit and to the planets.
With th e Space Shuttle, th e rather large stable of
launch vehicles that we use today--both civilian and
military--will be eliminated. The Shuttle will be used
to place almost all our satellites into orbit and, more
importantly, it will have the capability to retrieve mal-functioning satellites and repair them in orbit or return
them to Earth. This capability assumes particular impor-
tance with th e predicted growing future requirements for
additional weather, Earth resources, communication, and
navigational satellites. No longer will it be necessaryto write off a multi-million-dollar satellite due to a
malfunction following launch.
The Space Shuttle will be 'apable of carrying the
Spacelab into orbit. Spacelab, trried in the Shuttle
cargo bay, provides a shirtsleeve, pressurized environ-
ment fo r scientific and technical investigators to work
in space. Airlocks and a pallet external to thepressurized
area will be available for experiments that require directaccess to the space environment.
Fo r lunar and planetary missions, the Shuttle will
be capable of carrying upper stages into Earth orbit which
will propel probes and satellites into outer space. These
upper stages will also be used to place satellites into
high geosynchronous orbits.
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APPROACH AND LANDING TESTS
The Orbi ter Approach and Landing Tests programis to
verify subsonic airworthiness, pilot-guided andautomatic
approach landing capabilities of the Orbiter.These tests
which will be conducted at Dryden Center,Edwards Air Force
Base (EAFB), will begin in February 1977,with a series of
unmanned and manned flights mated on top ofa modified 747
jetliner. (se3 ALT schedule.)
The-first tests call for the, 101 vehicle tobe placed on
top of the 747 for a number of taxi runs on the runway ofEAFB. The taxi tests will be followed by six
unmanned captive
flights where the Orbiter will be carried toan altitude of
approximately 7,450 ma (25,000 ft.) by the747 bu t no t released.
These unmanned captive f l igh ts will be followedby a
s'eries of captive flights with th e ALT crewaboard the Orbiter.
Tsese tests are designed to verify most ofthe Orbiter's
systems and crew procedures as well as providesome veri-
fication of Orbiter dynamics an d controlability.
The first manned "free" flights will be conductedin July
1977. The Orbiter will be carried aloft, releasedfrom the
747 carrier an d flown to an unpowered landingthree to four
minutes later on the dry lake bed landing stripat EAFB. The
747, specifically modified for these test flights,will carry
the Orbiter to an altitude of about 8,400 m(28,lOO ft.) It
will take about 30 minutes for the 747 to reachthis altitude.
The flight path of the Orbiter and 747 followsa race
track pattern with separation occuring whenthe vehicles are
about 13 km (8 mi.) to the right, and flying para l le lto th e
landing runway. From the separation point, theOrbiter will
fly a a"U shaped ground track to the runway.
To perform the separation maneuver, the 747will pitch
down and accelerate to 250 knots equivalentairspeed (KEAS).
The 747 pilot will then reduce engine thrustto idle, deploy
the 747 inf l ight spoi lers , and stabil ize the vehiclesa t 26 0
KEAS, with a flight path of 9 degrees. At thispoint the
Obiter pilot will initiate separation by armingand firifng a
series of explosive bolts at an altitude of about6,600 m
(22,000 ft.) above runway level.
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At separation the Orbiter pi lo t will command a pi tch
up maneuver which will provide a vertical separationof more
than 66 m( 2 00 ft.) after 5 seconds. The 747 will thenturn
left while the Orbiter turns right to provide horizontalse -
paration. The Orbiter will pitch down, accelerate to 270
KEAS an d then perform a practice flare, allowing the airspeed
to decrease to 185 KEAS while evaluating the flying qualities
of the Orbiter.
The Orbiter pilot will then pitch down to accelerate
and at the same time initiate the firstof two 90 degree
turns to the left which will align hi m with the lakebed
runway.
At the completion of the second turn, the Orbiteris
aligned with the runway at an altitude of 2,150 m (6,500ft.)
and about 98 miles from the touchdown point, speed 270KEAS,
flight path -9 degrees.
First flare (Preflare) starts at an altitude of 270 m
(900 ft.), and transfers the Orbiter from the -9 degreeglide
slope to a -3 degree glide slope. The landing gear is de-
ployed shortlv afterwards at about 105 m (350. ft.) altitude,
and the landingflare (Final Flare) is initiated at slightly
less than 30 m (100 ft.) altitude. The final flare establishesa sink rate of approximately 3 feet pe r second which is held
to touchdown. Touchdown airspeed is about 180 KEAS and
elapsed time from separation to touchdown is about 5 minutes15 seconds.
The combined weight of the 747 and Orbiter is 28,500kg
(570,000 lbs.) Th e Orbiter will weigh about 67,5C9 kg
(150,000 lbs.) an d the 747 (with 34,650kg 977,000 lb.)of fuel
will weigh approximately 205,800 kg (420,000 lb.)
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CARRIER AIRCRAFT
The 747, purchased by NASA in the summer of 1974, iscurrently being modified at the Boeinq Aerospace Companyfacilities in Everett, Wash. The 231-foot-long aircrafthas had the majority of its seats and passenger accommoda-tions removed and replaced by equipment and instrumentsrequired to support the Orbiter test flights. Structuralmodifications include addition of reinforcement frames andpanels. Panels and stabilizer tip fins have been attachedto the horizontal stabilizer.
Support s t ru ts(two af t , one forward) have been added
to the aircraft to hold the Orbiter. Th e Orbiter will beaffixed to these points and, at the proper moment in flight,explosive bolts will release the Orbiter from the 747.
In addition to serving as the carrier aircraft for theapproach and landing tests, the 747 will ferry the Orbiterfrom its manufacturing facilities in California, to the
NASA KSC launch facilities in Florida. The 747 will alsn heused to ferry the Orbiter to launch facilities at VandenbergAi r Force Base, near Lompoc, Calif.
APPROACH ANi LANDING TEST TIMELINE
Orbiter Vehicle (OV-101) overland to DFRC January '77
Taxi-runs and unmanned captive flights (5) February '77
Manned captive f l ights (5) May '77
Manned "free" f l igh ts (8) July '77
Conclude "ferry" f l ight phase (3) March '78
Ferry flight to MSFC, Alabama March '78
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TENTATIVE FREE FLIGHT PLAN
FLIGHT CONFIGURATION DESCRIPTION MAJOR OBJECTIVES
Tailcone on Practice flare a t Manual landingal t i tude Handling qualities
180 degree turn Gentle brakingLake bed landing Nose wheel steering
2 Tailcone on Test inputs at Test inputsfor high
300 kts speed, low speed,1.8g turn an d with speedTest inputs at brake
200 kts Turn maneuverability45 degree speed Nose wheel steering
brake withinputsLake bed landing
3 Tailcone on Test inputs at Test inputs forhigh
300 kts speed, !.ow speed,1.8g turn an d with speedTest inputs at brake
200 kts Turn maneuverability35 degree speed Nose wheel steering
brake withinputs
Lake bed landing
4 Tailcone on FCS mode switching Verify FCS* modes andManual direct FCS switching180 degree turn Auto guidanceAuto FCS Steering with differ-Closed loop auto ent ia l braking
guidance to abovepreflare al t i tude
Lake bed landing
5 Tailcone on 180 degree side Concrete landingapprcach to Braking on pavedconcrete landing surface
45 degree speed Autoland informationbrake
6 Tailcone o ff Practice flare a t Manual landingaltitude Handling quali t ies
7 Tailcone of f Auto FCS Auto guidance45 degree speed Speed brake
brake modulationclosed loop auto
guidance to abovepreflare al t i tude
Speed brake re t rac t ionLake bed landing
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IrENTATIVE FREE FLIGHT PLMN (cont'd)
FLIGHT CO-NFIGJRATION DESC1IPTION MAJOR OBJECTIVES
8 Tailcone o ff Closed loop auto Auto guidanceguidance and Auto landingspeed brakemodulation totouchdown
Lake bed landing
* ECS - F l i g h t Contro l Subsystem
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SPACE SHUTTLE ALT CREWS
NASA has selected two, two-man crews fo r the SpaceShuttle Approach and Landing Test (ALT), the
initial f l ight
t e s t of th e Shuttle Program. The ALT free f l ight tes tsare
scheduled to begin in July 1977.
The two crews are: Fred W. Haise, Jr., commander and
Charles G. Fullerton, pilot; Joe H. Engle, commanderand
Richard H. Truly, pilot. Eoth crews are scheduledto fly
AL T missions with Haise and Fullerton making the firstflight.
The crews will participate in the various phases of
Orbiter test and checkout between no w an d the firstflight.
Both crewswill train for the flights using NASA T-38
aircraft with special speed-brake; the Shuttle TrainingAircraft, a modified, twin-jet Gulfstream II; Shuttle
Procedures Simulator; and the Orbiter Aeroflight Simulator.
Haise, 42 (civilian), commander of the first crewwas selected for the astronaut program in April 1966. He
was backup lunar module pilot for Apollos 8 and 11, lunar
module p i lo t on Apollo 13 and backup commander on Apollo16.
He is th e only crewman named that has flown in space.
Fullerton, 39 (Lieutenant Colonel, USAF), p i lo t of th efirst crew, was one of the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory
Program crewmen selected fo r the astronaut program in
September 1969. He was a member of the support crews forthe A~'ollo 14 and 17 missions.
Engle, 43 (Colonel, USAF), commander of the second
crew, was selected for the astronaut program in April1966.
He was a member of the astronaut support crew forApollo 10
an d the backup lunar moduleqpilot for the Apollo 14 mission.
Truly, 38 (Commander, USN), pilot for the second crew,
was one of the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program
crewmen selected fo r the astronaut program in September1969.
He was a member of the support crew fo r a l l three Skylab
missions.
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747 CAM.RInE AIRCRAFTCREW
Crew members for the 747 carrier aircraftare
Fitzhugh L. Fulton, Jr., and Thomas C. Mcuurty,pilots;
Victor W. Horton and Thomas E. Guidry, Jr.,flight test
engineers. Fulton, McMurty and Horton are fromthe NASA
Dryden Flight Research Center and Guidry isa flight
engineer from the NASA Johnsor. Space Center.
Fulton is a veteran multi-engine test pilotwith wide
experience as a launch pi lo t . He was launch pi lo tfo r the
X-15 and for manned l i f t ing bodies, as well ason other
experimental a i r c r a f tf l igh t test programs. He was an
XB-70 project pilot for NASA an d the USAF. CurrentlyFulton is co-project p i lo t on the t r iple-sonic YF-12
f l ight research program.
McMarty ha s been flying experimental ai rcraf t forNASA
since 1967. As project p i lo t on the SupercriticalWing, he
made the first f l igh t with th e new a i r f o l . shape.He has
flown as co-proje' : t p i lo t on the Digital Fly-Ehy-Wirea i rc ra f t
and the Supercr i t .cal Wing F-l1, and as Co-projectp i lo t on
NASA's 990 and C-141 multi-engine ai rcraf t .
Horton is flight test engineer on the YF-12 a tDFRC
and has flown as launch-panel operator of the B-52air- launch
ai rcraf t . Guidry of JEC has flown as t e s t engineer on th eC-135 Zero-G studies and the C-130 Earth Resources
ai rcraf t .
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GROUND VIBRATXON TESTS
Orbiter 101 will be ferried from DFRC to the MarshallSpace Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala., for ground vibrationtests in March 1978.
It will be mated in the Dvnamic Test Facility at MSFCto the 46-meter (154-foot) tall external tank and solidboosters, as it would fo r actual launch. The tank inflight will carry the 675,000 kg (1.5 million lbs.) ofliquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants fo r theOrbiter's three main engines. The two solid boosters willbe attached to the external tank. This 55-m (184-ft.) tallvehilel Dill undergo vibration tests which are designed tosimulate expected vibration and stress loads during th elaunch phase, when all th e Shuttle engines -- the threemain engines of the Orbiter and the two solid boosters -- firesimultaneously furnishing 30 million newtons (6.8 million lbs.)of thrust.
Th e vibration tests are designed to gain informationneeded for analysis of flight control stability and dynamicloads during the launch and flight phases of the mission.Th e tests will be conducted in a modified test stand inwhich the entire 109-n (363-ft.) tall Apollo Saturn V
under.went similar vibration tests.in the mid 1960's.
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PROGRAM MANAGEMEUT
Overall direction of th e Space Shuttle Project is inthe Office of Space Flight a t NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
This office is responsible fo r th e detailed assignment ofresponsibi l i t ies , basic performance requirements, control ofmajor milestones and funding al locat ions to th e various NASAfield centers.
The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Tex.,
is th e Space Shuttle lead center an d as such has responsi-bi l i ty fo r overall program management, overall systemsengineering an d systems integration. JSC also has overallresponsibi l i ty and authority fo r defini t ion of those elements
of th e to ta l systems tha t in te rac t with other elements,such
rjs to ta l configuration combined with aerodynamic loads. JSCis also responsible fo r development, production, and delivery of
the Shuttle Orbiter, and manages the contract with the
Rockwell International Space Division.
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, is
responsible for the design of launch and recovery facilities
and will serve as the launch site. Edwards AF B is the
landing site fo r the first several Shuttle orbital test
flights.
The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC),
Huntsville, Ala., isresponsible for the development,
production an d delivery of the Orbiter main engines, the
solid rocket boosters and external tank fo r th e hydrogen/oxygen fuel.
The 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft Tests an d the Orbiter
Approach and Landing Tests will be conducted at the Dryden
Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif.
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SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM OFFICIALS
DR. MYRON S. MALXIN is the Space Shuttle ProgramDirector located at NASA Headquarters. Named to this
post
in April 1973, he heads overall design, developmentand
testing of the Space Shuttle. Dr. Malkin joined NASAafter
serving as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defensefor Technical
Intelligence Evaluation for almost on e year. He wa spresident
of NU S Corp., an engineering consulting firm, from 1969-71,
and earlier held positions as program manager for TitanII
and Minuteman III. He wa s general manager of the Manned
Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program a t General Electr icfrom
1961-69. Dr. Malkin was born in Youngstown, Ohio andreceived B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Yale Universitv.
ROBERT F. THOMPSON, the Space Shuttle Program Manager,is located a t th e NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). He is
responsible for the overall management and integrationof
al l elements of th e program. Thompson was appointed tothis position in 1970, af te r serving as manager of th e
Skylab program through the conceptual design and development
phases. He joined NASA's predecessor organization,NACA,
in 1947, and was selected as on e of the early membersof the
Space Task Group, the nucleus of JSC. He was chiefof the
Landing and Recovery Division for Mercury, Gemini, andearly
phases of the Apollo program, prior to managing the early
Skylab effort. He is a recipient of NASA's Outstanding
Leadership, Exceptional Service and Distinguished Service
medals. Born in Bluefield, Va., Thompsongraduated from
Virginia Polytechnic Institute with a B.S. in aeronautical
engineering.
AARON COHEN is manager of th e Space Shuttle Orbiter
Project located at NASA's JSC. He is responsible fordesign,
development, production and testing of Rhe Orb i t s r.He
joined NASA at JSC in 1962 as a member o! . the ApolloPrxngram
Office and subsequently held varied execut:ve postsin the
program. He was appointed Command and Sertvj'ic Module (CSM)
manager in 1970, directing CS M efforts or: both Apollo and
Skylab programs unt i l his appointment to the Space Shuttle
post in 1972. Cohen has earned two NASH Vxceptional Service
Awards, the NASA Certificate of Commendation andth e NASA
Distinguished Service Medal. Born in Corsicana, Tex.,he
has a B.S. in mechanical engineering fror Texans A6'1and
an M.S. in Applied Mathematics from Stevens Institute.of
Technology.
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DONALD K. SLAYLTON is manager fo r th e Approach and
Landing Tests Space Shuttle Program Office a t JSC. He has
overal l program responsibi l i ty fo r managing th e approachand landing t e s t effor t s and is responsible fo r integrat ionof these act iv i t ies a t JSC, KSC and DFRC and other NASA
Centers as required. Slayton was docking module pi lo t
during the Apollo Soyuz Test Project in July 1975. He
joined NASA as one of th e or ig ina l seven astronauts in1959 and unt i l h is assignment to the ASTP crew, served as
Director of Flight Crew Operations a t JSC. He is the
recipient of two NASA Distinguished Service Medals, the
NASA Exceptional Service Medal, the Collier Trophy and
numerous other honors from universities and organizations.
A native of Sparta, Wis., Slayton is a graduate of the
University of Minnesota where he received a Bachelor of
Science degree in aeronautical engineering.
DR. ROBERT H. GRAY was named Space Shuttle Projects
Office manager fo r NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in
July 1973. He manages Space Shuttle operations planning
fac i l i t ies preparations leading to launch, randing act iv i t ies
and refurbishment of th e craf t . Earl ier, Dr. Graywus KSC
deputy director of Launch Operations and director ofUnmanned Launch Operations, direct ing more f l ights (178)
than any engineer in the free world. He joined NASA in1958 af te r three years as th e Vanguard Launch Director and
Deputy Manager of th e Vanguard Group a t Cape Canaveral
fo r th e Naval Research Laboratory. Gray was named chief
of Goddard Space Flight CenterField Projects Branch in
1959, a post' he held until going to KS C in 1965. Honors
accorded Gray include the Navy's Outstanding Performance
Award fo r the Vanguard program and from NASA the Distinguished
Service Award and th e Exceptional Service Medal. Graygraduated from Allegheny College, Pa., with a B.S. inphysics and received an honorary Doctora te o f Science f rom
Allegheny in 1968. Dr. Gray wa s born in Cambridge Springs,Pa.
ROBERT E. LINDSTROM has been manager of the Shuttle
Projects Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)
Huntsville, Ala., since March 1974, after serving as deputy
manager for the preceding two years. From 1970-72, he was
deputydirector of MSPC's Process Engineering Laboratory.
Prior to 1960, he wa s with the Army Ballistic Missile Agencyas a Saturn project engineer an d as project engineer for the
Jupiter C vehicle which launched Explorer I. He joined MSFC
in 1960 as manager of th e Saturn 1-lB program. Lindstrom -
left government employment in 1963, to serve in top posta in
industry bu t rejoined MSFC in 1970. He holds numerous awards,
including NASA's Exceptional Service Medal an d the Director's
Commendation Certificate. He wa s born in Sycamore, Ill., and
received a B.S. in ceramic engineering from the.vU rs4ty
of Illinois.
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GEORGE B. HARDY is manager of the Solid Rocket Boosterproject, Space Shuttle program, for MSFC. Earlier he servedas manager of the Program Engineering and Integrationproject, Skylab program; assistant manager of the S-1BLaunch Vehicle project; and deputy project manager forS-1-lB Stage Project in the Saturn program. Hardy beganhis professional career in 1952 with E. I. DuPont inGeorgia; he moved to the Redstone Arsenal in 1958 andtransferred to MSFC in 1962, as a project engineer. He isa native of Russellville, Ky., and graduated from GeorgiaInstitute of Technology in 1952 with a B.C.E. in civilengineering.
JAMES B. ODOM is manager of the External Tank project,Space Shuttle program, at NASA's MSFC. Odom began hisprofessional career in 1955, with Chemstrand Corporation,Decatur, Ala. He moved in 1956, to the Army BallisticMissile Agency and in 1959, joined the organization thatbecame MSFC in 1960. He has been associated with Earthsa te l l i te programs, lunar unmanned probes and th e Apolloprogram. A native of Georgiana, Ala,, Odom wa s graduatedfrom Auburn University with a B.S. in mechanical engineeringin 1955.
JAMES R. (BOB) THOMPSON, JR. is manager of the SpaceShuttle Main Engine Project a t NASA's MSFC. He servedearlier as chief of MSFC's Man/Systems Integration Branch,Astronautics Laboratory. Thompson joined th e propulsionresearch development team at MSFC in 1963, where he wasresponsible for component design and performance analysisof th e engine system on Saturn launch vehicles. He is fromGreenville, S.C.; and is a graduate of th e Georgia Ins t i tu teof Technology (1958) and the University of Florida (1963),with a B.S. in aeronautical engineering and an M.S. inmechanical engineering. He is seeking a Ph.D. in f lu idmechanics at the University of Alabama.
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