stars, galaxies and nebulae. another state of matter solids, liquids and gasses plasma—like a gas,...
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Another state of Matter
• Solids, Liquids and Gasses
• Plasma—like a gas, except can be charged electrically
• In this plasma lamp, electricity and magnet form structures
What is a star?
• A Luminous Ball of Plasma held together by gravity
• Fueled by Nuclear Fusion
HydrogenHydrogen
Helium
And this electron escapes
A star begins
• With a collapsing cloud of material
• Mostly made of Hydrogen, the lightest, simplest element
• a photograph of the center of the Swan Nebula, or M17, a hotbed of newly born stars wrapped in colorful blankets of glowing gas and cradled in an enormous cold, dark hydrogen cloud.
One Nebula, two Nebulae
• Clouds of dust and gas (especially hydrogen) where stars form
• The Horsehead Nebula
How do they take these pictures?
• The Hubble Telescope
• Launched in 1990
• Will stop working this year
How many Stars in a Galaxy?
• As few as 10 million (10,000,000)
• As many as 1 trillion (1,000,000,000,000)
Our Galactic Cluster is called The Local Group – it has about
30 galaxieshttp://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/gclusters/localg.html
Our Galactic Address!
Name -
Street, City, Postal Code -
Continent -
Planet – Earth
Star – the Sun
Galaxy – Milky Way
Galaxy Cluster – The Local Group
Dark Matter
• We can’t see it
• But it has gravity– a lot!
• Makes up 90% of galaxies
• Something scientists are trying to find out about right now
?
Black Holes
• A place from which nothing can escape
• Not even light!
• Very compact mass in a deformation of spacetime
Supermassive Black Hole
• What it sounds like
• At the center of most, if not all, galaxies
• Here, an artist has imagined a supermassive black hole tearing a star apart
Red Giants
• Towards the end of a star’s life
• Expands to 9 times it size
• Starts to fuse carbon, neon, silicon and oxygen
• This star is Betelgeuse
Collapse
• Will eventually collapse into a “planetary nebula”
• Remnants may be recycled into new stars
Quiz-time!
• What element is being fused in the sun and other stars to make energy and helium?
• Hydrogen
• What do we call gas that can be electrically charged?
• Plasma
• Some examples?
• Fire, lightning, stars
To Know for Midterm
Astronomical Unit – distance between planets
Light Years – distance between stars and galaxies
Star
Nebula
Galaxy
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