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Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Team working in the real world
Units United Conference29th June 2009
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Thought for the day. Today Programme. Radio 4. 26th February 2009
•“Here is the gift of relationship. It lies at the very core of what it is to be human.”
Rev David Wilkinson, principal of St John’s College, Durham
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
The artist is Mel Gittridge, and this image was exhibited as part of Expressions, a touring display of art by people who have experienced mental or emotional problems- this picture captures the idea of environments where people can take power, supported by other environments where people can take power.
Start with what builds relationship
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
What whole system?
Family, friends, neighboursThe
practitioner
The local mental health service
The team
Within CAMHS
Primary-specialist care
Health and social care
Hospital and community care
Statutory and “social purpose” provision
Health and education
Moving to adult-hood
Housing, employment, leisure, benefits, substance misuse, learning difficulty, sensory impairment, etc.
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research New Economics Foundation. Co-Production. A manifesto for growing the core economy.2008. 2
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
It is about “deepening and broadening” public service
• “The point is not to consult more, or involve people more in decisions; it is to encourage them to use the human skills and experience they have to help deliver public or voluntary services”
New Economics Foundation. Co-Production. A manifesto for growing the core economy.2008. 10-11
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Co-production and working from strengths
• “… people are defined entirely by their needs and so those needs become the only asset they have. No-one should be surprised when people then behave in ways that perpetuate such needs” (11).
• “When ..assets are deliberately ignored or sidelined they atrophy”. (11)
• “Co-production demands that public service staff shift from fixers who focus on problems to enablers who focus on abilities. … This role is not recognised or rewarded within the management structures that are currently in place”.(13)
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
“Front-line staff are essential to delivery and empowerment...
• Their morale is as important as client morale. Yet in practice, the participation that they are asked to extend to clients is often not extended to them”.
New Economics Foundation. Co-Production. A manifesto for growing the core economy.2008. 13
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
“System alignment”
• Allow yourselves with others to be moved by stories
• Give wide and shared exposure to the lived experience of people who use your service
• Envision the future together and ambitiously
• Don’t be coy about the love you put into your work
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Real teams have..• Clear and shared objectives• Members who have to work closely
together to achieve the objectives of the team
• This interdependency includes users and their supporters
• Members who have different and clearly defined roles within the team
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Human systems
Moving Following
Opposing
Bystanding
Make a move
Oppose a move
Follow a move
Observe and make comments intended to move the group
forward and connect ideas
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Take them away and you get….
Mover Follower
Opposer Bystander
No direction
No correction
No completion
No perspective
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
StalemateMover Follower
Opposer Bystander
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
DictateMover Follower
Opposer Bystander
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Let’s not
Mover Follower
Opposer Bystander
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Hall of mirrors
Bystander
Bystander
Bystander
Bystander
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Dream teamMover Follower
Opposer Bystander
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Real teams have..• The minimum number of team
members required to get the job done
• Opportunities to review the performance of the team and how it could be improved
• A team identity, in that others can recognise it as a team
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Effective teams have…..
• Good processes for decision making• Norms for excellence• Support for innovation- both
rhetorical and practical, including..• Defended time out to review what it
is trying to achieve, how it is going about it and what needs to change
• Safety in participation
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Hackman’s five trip wires• Describe the performing unit as a team but
continuing to manage members as individuals. • Fail to exercise appropriate authority over the team
- leave it to clarify what it does.• Neglect internal structures for operational
management• Fail to provide organisational supports in the form
of rewards, training, information, and the material resources required to get the job done.
• Assume that team members already have all the competence they need to work well in teams.
Familiarity
Reliable Information
Clear Communications
Integrity
Shared Values
Shared Vision
Trusting Relationships
Change/Uncertainty/Dishonesty
Conflicting Needs
Pressures/Stress
Complex/Poor Data
UnclearCommunications
Lack of Time /Prior Experience
Distrusting Relationships
Source: Richard Lauve, MD (VHA Inc.)
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Appreciative InquiryIs about developing the competence to CHOOSE a way of thinking• “Appreciative Inquiry is the cooperative search
for the best in people, their organizations, and the world around them.”
• “It involves systematic discovery of what gives a system 'life' when it is most effective and capable in economic, ecological and human terms.”
From “An opportunity to learn more about Appreciative Inquiry” Presentation by Anne Radford
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
We manifest what we focus on and “we grow toward what we persistently ask
questions about”or
What we talk about gets bigger!
Solution focus/appreciative inquiry- exploring what works so that we can do more of it
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
It works to build the positive core of the organisations involved.
• Organisations need a lot less fixing and a lot more affirmation.
• Appreciation builds relationships, collective intelligence, and freedom to innovate
From “An opportunity to learn more about Appreciative Inquiry” Presentation by Anne Radford
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
“The Power of Appreciation..
• ..rests with its self-reinforcing and self-generative capacity”
Srivastva and Cooperrider, 1999
• This requires inclusion, safety in participation and good communication =
• Effective team working and leadership• Teams are where this is modelled and
enacted
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Working well with living systems means
working well with “complexity”
– See for example – • Bob Hudson. (2006). Whole systems working- a
Guide and Discussion paper. CSIP-ICN• Jake Chapman. (2004). Systems failure. Why
governments must learn to think differently. London: Demos
Complicated ComplexSimple
Source: Brenda Zimmerman, PhD
• Formulae have only a limited application
• Raising one child gives no assurance of success with the next
• Expertise can help but is not sufficient
• Every child is unique
• Uncertainty of outcome remains
Raising a Child
Recipe is essential
Recipes are tested to assure replicability of later efforts
No particular expertise; knowing how to cook increases success
Recipes produce standard products
Certainty of same results every time
Following a Recipe Building a
Moon RocketFormulae are critical
and necessary
Sending one rocket increases assurance that next will be ok
High level of expertise in many specialized fields & coordination
Rockets similar in critical ways
High degree of certainty of outcome
From - Plsek, P. “Complexity, culture and large systems change” presentation
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Questions? (after Chapman, 2004)
• Are we spending too much time trying to apply complicated solutions to complex problems?
• What approach would we adopt if we accepted that systems cannot be controlled nor their behaviour predicted?
• What might we need to do differently?
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Build collective understanding of what
working in complex systems really means • Small changes can have big effects • ..and big changes very little effect• Emergence- the whole is greater
than the sum of the parts• Tolerance of uncertainty and
flexibility• Recognising the futility of control
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
The pointlessness of controlfrom Jenny Rogers “Influencing Skills”
• You can’t force people to work effectively on something they disagree with.
• Organisations are so complex and subject to so many diverse influences that it is pointless trying to control them.
• Distance from most senior to most junior makes it unlikely that control can be exercised over that stretch
• Much control is unnecessary -where there is openness and willingness to give feedback
• Control reduces risk taking- a necessary precondition for the innovation on which organisations depend
• It’s exhausting and your time can be better spent!
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
• People’s ability to stay the same will always be greater than our ability to make them different
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
What implications of more ecological thinking?
• Push and exhortation (nor even resources!) from leaders and policy makers can be counter-productive.
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Working with your stakeholders- what is their• Readiness to change? • Confidence to change? • Judgement of the importance of change?
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Respectfully consider these cells and provide information to inform
Advantages Disadvantages
Change + -
No change - +
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
What implications of more ecological thinking?
• Change needs to happen bottom-up but the right conditions need to be created.
• …like gardening, or throwing a party?
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Working with complexity values• Allowing solutions to emerge
by:–encouraging rich interaction,
removing barriers and oppressive controls
–giving space and time, –not over specifying means
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Working with complexity values• Valuing multiple perspectives• Using multiple approaches
that make effective use of experience, experimentation, freedom to innovate and working at the edge of knowledge and experience.
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Law of the Situation• Leadership is transient and
contextual• Where knowledge and
experience are needed the person who can is the right person to do it.
• Not all leadership should be determined by position power yet people with authority should be prepared to exercise it.
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Subsidiarity
• Decision making should be located as closely as possible to the place where actions are taken.
• This means addressing the flight from authority
• .. and helping people love their monkeys!
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
• “If you do not fill your leadership space, voids appear, and in voids bad things happen”
Hugh Martyn and Robert Scurr quoting William Calley on his lack of leadership in the Mai Lay massacre in Vietnam, 1968
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
The essence of leadership and management
• …is the creation of environments in which people can be creative.. Where they can exercise power to achieve outcomes valued by patients/users, their supports, and other key stakeholders.
• This is usually a team
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
“New paradigm” approach to leadership• More “soft stuff” emphasis on
working through others• Leaders with more faith in other
people than they have in themselves (and they have a lot of faith in themselves!)
• More concerned with connectedness and inclusiveness
With acknowledgement to Bev Alimo-Metcalfe of www.realworld-group.com
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
“New paradigm” approach to leadership• More concerned with vision• More concerned with
improvement• Less concerned with “Great man”
models of leadership• Striving for excellence through
optimism, openness and personal humility
With acknowledgement to Bev Alimo-Metcalfe of www.realworld-group.com
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
“Transformational” leadership- roots
• James MacGregor Burns transformation as that which turns followers into leaders and leaders into moral agents.
• Transformational leadership occurs when people elevate each other into a higher level of motivation and morality.
• Thus inextricably linked with the social meaning that people attach to their work.
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Leadership as an ethical endeavour• Positive Emotional Climate = “an
environment where managers take into account the emotional needs and personal growth of employees and encourage the sharing of positive emotions”
• Leadership practices that promote “positive emotional climate” associated with company gains in revenue, growth and outcome. Ozcelik et al, 2008
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Leadership as an ethical endeavour
•PEC associated with less cynicism and more engagement
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Research using the Team Leadership Questionnaire
• “Showing genuine concern” has the biggest impact on motivation.–Being interested in your needs and aspirations and how things feel for you.With acknowledgement to Bev Alimo-Metcalfe of www.realworld-group.com
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
The importance of authenticity• Leaders lead most effectively
when they are being themselves and being true to themselves.
• Authentic leadership is about, “being yourself- more – with skill”
Goffee and Jones, 2006
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Highlights from “Host Leadership: Towards a new yet ancient metaphor” by Mark McKergow PhD MBADirector, sfwork - The Centre for Solutions Focus at Workmark@sfwork.com, www.sfwork.com Forthcoming in the International Journal of Leadership in Public Services
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Shortcomings of the hero metaphor
• The hero leader is seen as all-knowing and the followers all-dependent;
• The illusion of control • The homogeneous
imagery of the followers - are we subjects or sheep!
• The willingness of the hero (warrior, king, even shepherd) to die in the act of saving the flock
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Shortcomings of the servant metaphor• The richness of the
metaphor is not obvious. Your waiter or Jeeves?
• The image of servant is not a compelling one to those (for example women and ethnic minorities) who are traditionally cast in such a role
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Leader as Host, Host as Leader
Hero
Host
Servant
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Warren Bennis on Gladstone and Disraeli• If you had dinner with William
Gladstone, you were left thinking “That Gladstone is the wittiest, the most intelligent, the most charming person around.”
• But when you had dinner with Benjamin Disraeli, you were left thinking, “I’m the wittiest, the most intelligent, the most charming person around!”
• Gladstone shone but Disraeli created an environment where others could shine. The latter is the more powerful form of leadership, an adventure in which the leader is privileged to find treasure within others and put it to good use.
From introduction to Parks 2005 p xi-xii).
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Advantages of the host metaphor
• It’s an everyday image• Host and Guest are co-defining• Hosting is an activity, rather than a
defining characteristic of a person• Hosting gives a definite feel of some
responsibility for the success of the event
• The role of host can involve behaving as total hero or absolute servant
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Elements of host leadership
•The four balances + 1
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Principle of Response-ability
•Defining the event
• Responding to what happens
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Principle of Co-participation
•Engage and provide
•Join in along with everyone else
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Principle of Gate-opener
• Protect boundaries
• Encourage new connections
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Principle of Alpha and Omega•Be the first
•Be the last
The host is both the first and the last – Arabic proverb
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
The 5th principle?
•Front stage work.
•Back-stage work.
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Parting comments on rethinking leadership
• Ask yourself
Paul E. Plsek, 2008
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
It’s all about well-being
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
• “If you think you are too small to be effective
…you have never been in bed with a mosquito”
Betty-Reese
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Thank you!- steve.onyett@gmail.com
Steve Onyett
www.steveonyett.co.uk
Solution focused consultancy, coaching, facilitation and research
Sources• Iles, P. & Macaulay, M. (2007) Putting principles into practice: developing ethical
leadership in local government. International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, 3(3), 15-28.
• Ozcelik, H., Langton, N., & Aldrich. (2008). Doing well and doing good. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(3), 186-203.
• Ham. C. (2008) “Health Care Commissioning in the International Context: Lessons from experience and evidence”. 2008.HSMC
• Ham, C. (2008)“Competition and integration in the English NHS”. BMJ. 2008. 336. 805-807
• Welsh, T. & Pringle, M. (2001). Social capital. Trusts need to recreate trust BMJ. 2001 July 28; 323(7306): 177–178.
• New Economics Foundation. Co-Production. A manifesto for growing the core economy.2008
• www.icn.csip.org.uk/leadership• www.leadershipnet-icn.org.uk – for people involved in leadership and teamwork
development• www.steveonyett.co.uk – see page on solution focus for links to a range of other
resources of solution focussed working. Steve.onyett@gmail.com
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