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STORAGE AS A PART OF VIRTUAL POWER PLANTS - EFFECT ON BUSINESS STRATEGIES
2015-11-04 - Jan Schelling
Statkraft – Delivering Pure Energy
Peru
295 MW
Chile
140 MW
Turkey
122 MW
(+ project)
Nepal 23 MW
Philippines
146 MW
Brazil
172 MW
Panama
(project)
Zambia
6 MW
Norway
13 539 MW
Sweden
1 675 MW
(+ project)
UK
243 MW
(+ project)
Laos 50 MW
Germany
2 692 MW
India
91 MW
Installed capacity
19 194 MW *
Power production
56 TWh **
99% renewable
energy
4 200 employees
SN POWER
STATKRAFT
Albania
(project)
* Includes: Statkraft/SN Power’s share of installed capacity per Q2 2015
** Actual production 2014.
Virtual power plant (VPP)
Statkraft
Germany’s largest
power plant: ~9 GW
Integrates >1000 assets (wind, solar, run of river hydro)
Production can be
throttled within
milliseconds
3
Definition
Many smaller decentralized
power plants, linked together
and controlled by computers
Why Germany?
Germany
Thermal stack, growing variable renewables
Wind and solar increasingly important for
residual demand
Limited flexibility results in intra-day price
fluctuations
Higher marginal cost (fuel)
–> higher power price
Higher retail price (taxes, levies)
Norway
Hydro power dominated - flexible
Demand-driven variations
Relatively flat intraday price profile
4
-20
0
20
40
60
80
2-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb 9-Feb
Spo
t p
rice
, EU
R/M
Wh
2015 - week 6Germany
Norway
The future energy system is distributed
5
Distributed technology options
6
Electricity generation • Rooftop solar PV (1.5 million)
• Micro-CHP (25 000)
• Community solar PV
Heat production • Solar water heater (2 million)
• Heat pump (0.6 million)
• Biomass heater
Energy efficiency • Appliances
• Insulation
• Heat recovery
Energy management • Demand flexibility
• Battery storage (15 000)
• Thermal storage
Numbers refer to approx. no. of systems installed in Germany (end 2014)
The disruptive cycle of distributed energy
7 Source: Edison Electric Institute
Increased
distributed
generation
Reduced
demand
The merit order effect Renewables displacing conventional generation from the spot market
8 Source: Agora Energiewende
Increasing demand for flexibility
9
2013
Germany: July median generation profile (GW)
Demand
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21
Solar
Call on dispatchWind
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21
2033
Ramping
requirements
(GW/h) -9 +11 +6 +4
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Current purpose of Statkraft VPP
10
Primary
reserve
Secondary
reserve
Tertiary
reserve
Balancing
power positive
negative
30 s 5 min 15 min 60 min Pow
er
3. Regulating power (negative only) 1. Monitoring and power
production forecasting
2. Curtailment in case of
negative power prices
Regulating power from wind assets
11
Po
wer
Generation potential
Actual generation
Negative regulating power
delivered
Positive regulating power is uneconomical as it requires
curtailment over extended periods
The Virtual Power Plant of the Future
Expansion strategy
Increase flexibility:
add loads, storage assets
Expand towards smaller assets
Market access
Provide positive reserve
From tertiary towards primary
reserve services
12
A step towards a self-regulating grid
- More flexibility
- Enable more variable renewables
- Reduce EEG levy
NB: Not a grid asset. Requires price
signals (or regulation) to provide
services.
Falling ICT costs allow smaller units to be connected economically
Smaller power plants
Industrial loads
Battery storage systems
Individual households
Vehicles/charging stations
13
Stationary applications for battery systems
14
Location in grid Increase utilization Arbitrage Power quality Power reliability
Behind-the-meter /
at consumer
In-the-Grid
Plant co-located,
renewable
generation
Plant co-located,
conventional
generation
Increase (PV)
self-
consumption
Load following
RES firming
End-user daily
arbitrage
RES arbitrage
Black start
RES smoothing
End-consumer quality and
reliability
Primary
reserves
Further
ancillary
services
T&D investment
deferral
Whole-sale
arbitrage
Application in grid->
Power-to-gas pilot
6 MW PEM electrolyser
Hydrogen fed into
- natural gas grid
- storage for industry and transportation
To be connected to Statkraft VPP in 2016
Associated project partner: Project of Stadtwerke Mainz,
Linde, Siemens and University RheinMain; start of
operation in 2015
15
Source: www.energiepark-mainz.de
www.statkraft.com
THANK YOU
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