supporting latinos in higher education
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2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
Dr. Joel Pérez, Seattle Pacific University
@deanspu
Dr. Michelle Espino, University of Maryland
Dr. Ignacio Hernández Jr., Fresno State University
@nacho_phd
Dr. Juan R. Guardia, Northeastern Illinois University @juanrguardia
Transforming the Higher Education Landscape: A Focus on Supporting Latina/o Students,
Administrators, and Faculty
Latin@s in Community Colleges
Ignacio Hernandez, Ph.D. Assistant Professor
Department of Educational Research & Administration Fresno State University
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
Latin@s and Community Colleges
• The scope and role of community colleges in U.S. higher education is expansive (Nevarez & Wood, 2009)
• Community colleges enroll the largest proportion of Latin@ students than any other sector of higher education (Snyder & Dillow, 2012)
• Community college leadership preparation is structured around competencies (Eddy, 2010)
While ignoring the intersections of race and gender (Ospina & Foldy, 2012)
• Latin@s hold ~4% of community college presidencies (AACC, 2010)
As a proportion of all undergraduate students
Community college as a disproportionate access point
Latin@s in Higher Education
Source: Digest of Education Statistics, 2012 (Table 238)
3
14%
86%
Latina/os
All Others 51%
49% CommunityCollege
OtherHigherEducation
The Community College Leadership Landscape
• Identifying the distribution of leadership by gender, race, and educational level (AACC, 2011)
– By gender: 72% male
– By race: 81% white
– By education: 86% with doctorates
• Increasing the diversity of community college leadership is goal endorsed by both the AACC and the Association of Community College Trustees (Boggs,
2010)
5
Latina/o Leaders in Community Colleges
5.95% 6.34%
7.04%
4.32%
5.31% 5.48%
4.07% 4.28% 4.86%
Fall 1997 Fall 2003 Fall 2009
Total
Executive/Managerial
Faculty
Employees in public 2-year institutions by race and employment status
Source: Digest of Educational Statistics, Table 256 (2010), Table 224 (2005), Table 226 (2000)
Developing a mentality of success (graduation) rather than one of just
access (recruitment)
Joel Perez, Ph.D. Dean of Students for Community Life
Seattle Pacific University @deanspu
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
Developing a mentality of success rather than one of just access
• For the first time, a greater share of Latin@ recent high school graduates are enrolled in college than whites.
• The Hispanic high school dropout rate continues to fall.
• The number of 18- to 24-year-old Hispanics enrolled in college increased by 324,000 students between 2011 and 2012, marking the third straight year of increases.
• Hispanics now make up one-fourth of all public school students—a new demographic milestone.
Source: Pew Research Center
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
Developing a mentality of success rather than one of just access
• Despite these recent milestones, Latinos continue to lag other groups when it comes to earning a bachelor’s degree.
• In 2012, 14.5% of Latinos ages 25 and older had earned one. By contrast, 51% of Asians, 34.5% of whites and 21.2% of blacks had earned a bachelor’s degree.
• Hispanic college students are also less likely than whites to enroll in a four-year college, attend a selective college, and enroll full-time.
• The need for a commitment at the top!
Source: Pew Research Center
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
Developing a mentality of success rather than one of just access
• Access strategies
• Partnerships with Community Based Organizations (CBOs)
• Developing a profile of current Latin@ students
• Set targets and strategies based on data
• Scholarships
• Spanish speaking enrollment staff
• Undocumented student strategy
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
Developing a mentality of success rather than one of just access
• Success strategies
• Summer bridge
• Pre-orientation program
• Peer mentoring program
• Leveraging student groups
• Latin@ role models
• Welcoming atmosphere
• Early intervention alert system
• Maintain affordability
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
Developing a mentality of success rather than one of just access
• Success strategies
• Continually review data
• Campus climate
• Course taking patterns
• Cultural events
• Resource offices to provide support
• Bias incident response protocol
• Volunteering
Latino Experiences in Graduate School
Michelle M. Espino, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor Counseling, Higher Education, & Special
Education University of Maryland, College Park
Background
• Graduate Degrees
– 28% of graduate students are students of color
• 8% are Latina/o
– 44% Latinas/os enrolled in Education and Business
– 13% Latinas/os enrolled in Engineering, Physical Sciences, and Biological Sciences
– Between 1997 and 2007 Latina/o enrollment increased by 4% annually
– 50% attrition for all doctorates
Doctoral Student Experiences
Socialization, Mentoring, Attrition
Institutional Sorting Mechanisms
– Program selectivity
– Socialization
– Time-to-degree
– Lack of Latina/o presence in doctoral programs
Individual Challenges & Resilience
– Self-doubt and Imposter Syndrome
– High degree of self-efficacy
– Success
Participants
• 33 Ph.D.s of Mexican descent
– 25 Female; 8 Male
– Poor/Low-income (4); Working Class (15); Middle Class (13)
– 15 Institutions
– Arts and Humanities (3); Education (9); Life Sciences (1); Physical Sciences, Mathematics, Engineering (5); Social and Behavioral Sciences (15)
– Faculty (22); Researchers/Analysts (6); Student Affairs Administrators (2); Secondary School Administrators (2); Therapist
• 101 interview hours
Doctoral Student Experiences
Making the U-Turn: “I think deep inside me…it was like, “No, that’s too
much, I’m not that smart”
Weeding them out: “You’re never gonna get a Ph.D.”
Hitting the Wall: “Pero tú éres Mexicana y lo que tú haces reflects on
your whole community.
The Hustle: “Everyone wanted to be my friend.”
The Struggle Continues…
• General Themes –Persistence – Individual determination –Relied on networks to navigate obstacles –External fellowships
Audience Discussion
• In what ways can we improve the pipeline of Latino leaders in community colleges?
• What are some institutional examples of successful Latino graduation initiatives?
• How do we encourage Latina/os to pursue a doctoral degree?
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
Contact Information
• Dr. Joel Pérez jperez@spu.edu
@deanspu
• Dr. Ignacio Hernández Jr. ihernandez@csufresno.edu
@nacho_phd
• Dr. Juan Guardia J-Guardia@neiu.edu
@juanrguardia
• Dr. Michelle Espino mespino@umd.edu
2014 NASPA Annual Conference * Baltimore, Maryland * March 15-19, 2014
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