symbiosis. what is symbiosis? what are the different kinds of symbiosis? what are some examples...
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What is symbiosis? What are the different kinds of symbiosis? What are some examples of symbiosis?
Our goal for today is to answer these questions:
What it means: Two organisms that live togetherTemporarily or for a longer timeAt least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship
Symbiosis
What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
Parasitism
Mutualismboth organisms
benefitone organism
benefitsone organism is unaffected
one organism benefits
one organism is
harmed
Commensalism
Predation
Competitiontwo species
share a requirement for a limited
resource
the act of preying for
food
Acacia Plant & AntsThe ants lay eggs on
acacia tree so they get a nice safe place for
their eggs. The acacia covers the infected
area with brown flesh (called a gall.) The
plant has to use valuable resources to
create the gall.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
parasitism
Anemone & Anemone Fish
mutualism
This fish lives its entire adult life among the
tentacles of a bulb- tentacle sea anemone. Anemone
fish do not get stung by the anemone as would most
other fish so they get protection from predators. The fish often drop food
scraps which the anemones can eat.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
Grizzly Bear & Salmon
The Grizzly Bear braces itself as it waits for salmon to jump upstream to their breeding grounds. The bears rely on the salmon for nutrition.
predation
Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses
to defend itself from predators. The anemones get to move around which
increases their food supply.
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?
The remora attaches itself to the shark and saves energy since it doesn’t
have to swim, and it gets to snack on the sharks kills.
The shark doesn’t get anything.
Shark & Remora
commensalism
What symbiotic relationship is this?
Elk
A battle or contest between individuals, groups, animals, etc. for territory, a niche, or a location of resources. It arises whenever two or more parties strive for a goal which cannot be shared.
Images from Wikimedia
Competition
This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the back of a sea cucumber (a long worm-like starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy bottom.
The shrimp gets to travel around under the protection of its much larger partner, and
the sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind.
Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber
commensalism
What symbiotic relationship is this?
Moray Eel & Cleaner Fish
This moray eel has a small fish cleaning between its teeth. The eel gets a clean mouth while the
cleaner fish gets a nice meal.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
mutualism
Cattle & Cattle Egrets
As these cattle walk around eating grass they
stir up lots of insects. The egrets hang around
and get a yummy meal of insects.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
commensalism
Southern Elephant Seals
Male on male combat occurs in many species including serious battles between male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) which use their teeth to gash competitors.
Images from Wikimedia
Competition
Clown Fish & Anemone
This clown fish swims in the anemone and gets protection, since its
predators will get stung. The anemone is
unaffected.
What symbiotic relationship is this?commensalism
Antelope & Ox Bird
This ox bird hangs out on the antelope and gets a delicious meal of bugs living on the antelope. The antelope gets rid
of parasites.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
mutualism
Loa Loa Worm & Human
This worm infects human the blood stream and gets a nice warm safe
home there. The human may go
blind or have other complications as a
result.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
parasitism
Goby and Alpheid Shrimp
What symbiotic relationship is this?
mutualism
This alpheid shrimp (onthe right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the
sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed
goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the
burrow
Hawk and Mouse
Birds of prey hunt for small rodents, fish and reptiles high above ground. They have very keen eye sight which allows them to see the small prey scampering through the grass or water.
Predation
Wrasse & Batfish
Can you see the two cleaner wrasses are
removing parasites from a batfish? One of the
wrasses has entered the gill slit of the batfish, and
may even enter itsmouth in search of food. The batfish gets a bath and the wrasse gets a
meal.
What symbiotic relationship is this? mutualism
Hummingbird Moth & Flower
This hummingbird moth is drinking the nectar of a flower. The flower gets
pollinated (the moth brings pollen from other flowers) and the moth gets a tasty
meal.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
mutualism
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