t he a ge of e mpires land and sea absolutism constitutional monarchs enlightened despots and more
Post on 17-Dec-2015
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WHAT IS AN EMPIRE?? REVIEW CONRAD-DEMEREST MODEL
I. Necessary preconditions for the rise of empires: state-level government high agricultural potential in the
area an environmental mosaic several small states with no clearly
dominant state (power vacuum) mutual antagonisms among those
states adequate military resources
II. The primary reason a state succeeded in empire building was an ideology supporting personal identification with the state, empire, conquest, and militarism
III. The major rewards of empire: economic rewards, reaped
especially in the early years and redistributed to the elite and often to all levels of the citizenry
population increase, often supported by the government and its ideology
IV. Empires fall because: the ideology of expansion and
conquest fueled attempts at conquest beyond practical limits
failure to continue conquest indefinitely and to continue to bring home its economic fruits eroded faith in the ideology that supported the empire
revolutions toppled the empire
DEFINITION OF ABSOLUTISM
Divine Right of Kings king was God’s
representative on earth obedience to king =
obedience to God King could do no wrong
CHARACTERISTICS OF ABSOLUTISM
Title was inherited Decisions of king were
final King controlled
lawmaking body King controlled all
foreign affairs People had no voice
LOUIS XIV1643
Most powerful ruler in French history
“L’etat, c’est moi” Sun King Economic, political and
cultural advances Mercantilism CONTROL Spain, Austria, Prussia,
Russia all looked up to France as model
AND SOME MORE…
Philip II (Spain)1556-1598Strengthened Catholic
power
Peter I (Russia) 1696-1725WesternizationRussian Expansion
AND STILL OTHERS…JAPAN
Tokugawa Ieyasu1687Unified JapanTamed the daimyo“What is good for me is
good for my son.”Great stability for Japan
AND STILL OTHERS…CHINA
Kangxi(1661)
Manchu DynastyReduced government
expenses Gained support of
intellectuals by offering jobs
Policy of isolationism
AND STILL OTHERS…GUNPOWDER EMPIRES Suleiman the Lawgiver (1520-
1566) Ottoman Sultan: supreme military and
political ruler Janissaries
Abbas the Great (1587-1629) Safavid Limited the power of “red hats” Punished corruption in
government; promoted officials who proved loyalty
Modernized military
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS (still absolutists, but with “a heart”)
Catherine the Great (1762-1796) Russia Commission to review laws Religious toleration
Akbar (1556-1605) Mughal Religious freedom Governed through a
bureaucracy of officials
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHIES England and Netherlands
Characterized by limited powers individual rights representative institutions
Prominent merchant class and unusual prosperity
Both built commercial empires overseas with minimal state interference
Constitutional monarchy in England evolved out of a bitter civil war, 1642-1649
SEA BASED
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