teacher as input in the production function of quality education

THE ROLE OF T-E-A-C-H-E-R-S

Amanda Frasier, Ji Hyun Kim, Iwan SyahrilEAD942 - Feb 7, 2013

GOOD TEACHING MATTERS!

Measures of Effective Teaching project Report 2013 by Bill and Melinda Gates foundation

Link: http://www.metproject.org/downloads/MET_Ensuring_Fair_and_Reliable_Measures_Practitioner_Brief.pdf

• Effective teaching is measureable(by classroom observation, students test score, students survey)

• Through the measurement, students achievement is predictable.

Link: http://obs.rc.fas.harvard.edu/chetty/ value_added.html

Central Questions

• We think few would dispute that good teachers matter in students’ learning.

• What is the most efficient way “to produce” high quality teachers?

• Where does the production take place? Teacher Preparation, Teacher Induction, Teacher Professional Development.

TEACHERPREPARATION

TEACHER INDUCTION

TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

$$ $$$$

Teacher Preparation

• How much does it cost to prepare teachers?

• Do teacher preparation programs make a difference?

• Can higher salaries attract higher quality teacher candidates?

Can teacher salaries attract high qualified teacher candidates?

Link: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/08/opinion/l08teach.html

Link: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/opinion/01eggers.html?_r=0

• “We found that the average weekly pay of teachers in 2003 was nearly 14% below that of workers with similar education and work experience, a gap only minimally offset by the better nonwage benefits in teaching. Teacher earnings have fallen below that of the average college graduate in recent decades, losing considerable ground during the late 1990s, as earnings of college graduates grew 11% relative to the much lower 0.8% growth in teacher earnings.”

Link: http://www.epi.org/page/-/old/issuebriefs/IssueBrief298.pdf

Link: http://www.nea.org/home/12661.htm

Teacher Induction

• How much does it cost to facilitate teacher induction?

• Do teacher induction programs make a difference?

The high cost of teacher turnover

• Annual cost of teacher turnover in the US is $7.3 billion

• Teacher attrition rate in the past 15 year has grown more than 50%.

• US Teacher turnover rate: 16.8% (urban more than 20%).

Link: http://nctaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/NCTAF-Cost-of-Teacher-Turnover-2007-policy-brief.pdf

Source: http://nctaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/NCTAF-Cost-of-Teacher-Turnover-2007-policy-brief.pdf

The cost of teachers in the United States

Link: http://www.nea.org/home/49809.htm

Teacher Professional Development

• How much does it cost to foster teacher professional development?

• Do teacher professional programs make a difference?

Central Question:Are highly qualified teachers

also highly effective?

The Learning Curve (Pearson 2012 Report)

• Strong relationships are few between education inputs and outputs.

• Income matters, but culture may matter more.

• There is no substitute for GOOD TEACHERS.

• There is no single path to better labour market outcomes.

• An educational index can help highlight educational strength and weaknesses.

LINK: http://thelearningcurve.pearson.com/

the-report/executive-summary

THE LINE GAME

Lessons Learned from High Performing Countries

• High-quality teacher education to all candidates, completely at government expense, including at least a year of practice teaching in a clinical school connected to the university;

• Mentoring from expert teachers for all beginners in their first years of teaching, coupled with other supports like a reduced teaching load and shared planning;

• Equitable salaries (often with additional stipends for hard-to-staff locations) which are competitive with other professions, such as engineering;

• Ongoing professional learning embedded in 15 to 25 hours a week of planning and professional development time.

AGREE ? ------------- or ----------- DISAGREE ?

Source: The Forum for Education and Democracy. Link: http://www.forumforeducation.org/sites/default/files/u48/Teaching_Brief_1009_v1.pdf

Summary of Resources

Good Teaching Matters!

Teacher Preparation

Teacher Salaries

Teacher Induction

Teacher Professional Development

The MET project: http://www.metproject.org/downloads/MET_Ensuring_Fair_and_Reliable_Measures_Practitioner_Brief.pdf

The Value-Added study: http://obs.rc.fas.harvard.edu/chetty/ value_added.html

The Learning Curve (Pearson Report 2012): http://thelearningcurve.pearson.com/the-report/executive-summary

The high cost of low teacher salaries (NYT article) : http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/opinion/01eggers.html?_r=0

The Teaching Penalty: http://www.epi.org/page/-/old/issuebriefs/IssueBrief298.pdf

Myths and Facts about Educator Pay NEA): http://www.nea.org/home/12661.htm

The high cost of teacher turnover (NCTAF): http://nctaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/NCTAF-Cost-of-Teacher-Turnover-2007-policy-brief.pdf

Effective Teachers, Higher Achievers (The Forum for Education and Democracy): http://www.forumforeducation.org/sites/default/files/u48/Teaching_Brief_1009_v1.pdf