technical solutions to ensure safe ferries in developing countries - grzegorz mazerski

Technical solutions to ensure safe ferries

in developing countries

Content

>  Introduction

>  Problem identification

>  Proposed solution: overview

>  Safety aspects

>  Financial aspects

>  Balancing stakeholders’ interests

>  Selected technical issues

Safe ferry for developing countries

DELTAMARIN

company overview

Safe ferry for developing countries

Deltamarin Globally Offices in Finland: Turku (Head Office) Helsinki Rauma

Subsidiaries: Deltamarin Floating Construction Ltd, Finland

Deltamarin Sp. z o.o., Poland

Deltamarin (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai

Deltamarin Brasil Ltda., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Deltamarin representative, Singapore

DeltaLangh Ltd, Finland

Associated companies: Brodoplan d.o.o., Croatia (50%)

Delta-AVIC, Singapore (50%)

Shandong Deltamarin, China (50%)

GPS Deltamarin (M) Sdn Bhd, Malaysia (49%)

Turku

Helsinki

Rauma

Deltamarin + subsidiaries: more than 300 persons in total Incl. associated companies: about 350 persons in total

Safe ferry for developing countries

Example project ― Marine

Safe ferry for developing countries

Nissos Mykonos

Safe ferry for developing countries

Nissos Mykonos

Safe ferry for developing countries

Passengers 2,100 Lane meters (trailers on main deck) 530 m LOA 141.0 m Breadth 21.0 m Draught, design 5.3 m Speed, service 26 knots Private cars 409

Customers:  Blue Star Ferries; Hellenic Shipyards Co.; Hellenic Seaways Owner:  Hellenic Shipyards Shipyard:  Hellenic Shipyards Co.

Spirit of Britain

Safe ferry for developing countries

Spirit of Britain

Safe ferry for developing countries

Passengers 1,750 Lane meters 2,800 m LOA 213.0 m Breadth 30.8 m Draught, scantling 6.7 m Max. LSA 2,200 Passenger seats 2,179 Crew 150 2 main ro-ro decks for trailers and other ro-ro vehicles; 3rd ro-ro deck for caravans and private cars

Customers:  P&O Ferries, STX Finland Oy Rauma Shipyard Owner: P&O Ferries Shipyard:  STX Finland Oy Rauma Shipyard

No platform, no standard Parametric family of ferries

L=120m - 400 lanemeters - 600 passengers L=120m - 700 lanemeters - 1000 passengers

Safe ferry for developing countries

L=108m - 350 lanemeters - 200 passengers L=120m - 400 lanemeters -200 passengers

Problem identification

Safe ferry for developing countries

Ferries sink too often !!!

>  How many souls are lost ?

>  What ferries are sinking ?

>  Why ferries are sinking ?

Safe ferry for developing countries

Number of fatalities

>  Source: Lawson/Weisbrod (Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2005)

>  Between 01/2000-05/2004:

–  4000 people lost lives

–  in 18 large-scale incidents

•  5 in Bangladesh, 3 in Somalia, 2 in Indonesia, 1 in USA and Pakistan,

remaining 6 in Africa

–  Over 75/month on average

Safe ferry for developing countries

Fleet age profile (what ferries are sinking?)

Safe ferry for developing countries

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

Philippines

Indonesia

OLD

Fleet age profile (what ferries are sinking?)

Safe ferry for developing countries

>  Typical life of a ferry:

>  North Europe/Japan (0-10y)

>  South Europe/China (10-20/25y)

>  SE Asia/Africa (> 25y)

Causes of accidents (why ferries are sinking ?)

1.  Source: Worldwide Ferry Safety Association

2.  Four most common reasons: –  Vessel quality                       

–  Crew training                          

–  Hazardous weather              

–  Overcrowding                         

Safe ferry for developing countries

Proposed solution

Safe ferry for developing countries

SAFE and AFFORDABLE new-built ferry

Obviously contradictory, but we need to know:

>  How to design a ferry that is instrictly safe ?

>  How to ensure a newbuilding is available for selected markets ?

>  How to best satisfy multiple stakeholders:

–  Shipyard

–  Owner/operator

–  Local community

–  Natural environment

Safe ferry for developing countries

Designing safe ferry (1)

Safe ferry for developing countries

Accident cause How Designers can help ?

Vessel quality •  Simple design (shapes, layouts)

•  Easy to maintain (detail design)

Crew training •  Layout of control stations

•  Crew accomodation

Over-crowding

(leading to loss of stability)

•  Main dimensions

•  Overall layout (General Arrangement)

•  Tank location/shape

•  Hullform (‚form’ stability)

Designing safe ferry (2)

Safe ferry for developing countries

Accident cause How Designers can help ?

Rough weather •  Main dimensions (resonant motions)

•  Hullform (dynamic stability, freeboard)

•  Redundant and adequate propulsion

Collision/grounding •  Proper subdivision (bulkheads, water-on-deck)

•  Protected openings (ramps/visors, vents)

•  Robust structure (high crashworthyness)

•  Easy evacuation (obvious evacuation ways)

Designing safe ferry - summary

List above suggest that:

–  Main dimensions are critical (capacity, stability)

–  Overall layout is very important („flows”, flooding)

–  Detail layout (control stations, accomod., tanks) is important

–  Several other aspects need to be addressed (e.g. passenger

comfort, available docks etc.)

Safe ferry for developing countries

How to ensure low price ? >  Simple shape (production-friendly)

>  „Basic” but robust equipment type

>  Fuel efficiency

>  Alternative approach to regulatory compliance (avoid

overdimensioning)

>  Interior standard in line with local market expectations (basic)

>  Modular layout

–  IMC (integrated, modular, customisable) approach (midway between standard

and fully custom-made)

Safe ferry for developing countries

How to ensure finansing ? >  Investigate national goverments willingness to support:

>  Approach international financing institutions:

–  International Monetary Fund

–  World Bank

–  Asian Developent Bank

–  Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (not yet operational)

Safe ferry for developing countries

How to ensure finansing ? >  Major shipbuilding players might be willing to support:

–  From China (CSIC, CSSC, AVIC)

–  From S. Korea (SHI, HHI, DHI)

–  From Europe (Fincantieri, Meyer)

–  From Singapore/Australia (Austal, SembCorp, Keppel)

>  Industry groups (like INTERFERRY) to encourage/coordinate/support

the efforts to ensure finansing

>  Consortium of equipment and service suppliers may be the way

forward

Safe ferry for developing countries

Ballancing stakeholders

This project will aim at utilising Competitive Optimum methodology to

ensure that various stakeholders’ interests are accounted for:

–  Shipyard ship need to be easy to built

–  Owner /Operator ship need to be cheap to buy and

operate

–  Local population travel need to be cheap and safe

–  Environment ship need to have minimum impact (in

operations and in case of accident)

Safe ferry for developing countries

Selected technical issues

Safe ferry for developing countries

Key technical objective

>  A method is needed to find best main dimensions and overall layout

>  Such method need to address at least following aspects:

–  High initial stability

–  Preventing overcrowding (shortage of deck space)

–  Damage stability compliance

–  Seaworthiness and crashworthiness

–  Smooth evacuation and quick (un)loading (i.e. proper flow of passengers

and/or cars)

Safe ferry for developing countries

Features of selected approach

>  Selected approach should combine:

–  Competitive Optimum approach (for everyones

satisfaction)

–  Genetic Algorithm (for quick multicriteria selection)

–  Proven layout development method (for funcitonal

layout generation)

Safe ferry for developing countries

Genetic algorithm in optimisation

Safe ferry for developing countries

Layout development >  „Packing” approach:

–  developed by van Oers from TU Delft

–  Currently in use by Dutch Navy

>  Functional Building Blocks approach:

–  Developed by Andrews/Pawling from UCL

–  Integrated in Paramarine software

>  Inelligent Ship Arrangements:

–  Developed by Nick/Daniels from Univ. Michigan

–  Aims at supporting ship design in US Naval Sea System Command

Safe ferry for developing countries

Conclusions

Safe ferry for developing countries

Conclusions

1.  Problem is huge and needs solving

2.  Both technical and commercial aspects need addressing

3.  Best technical solutions need to be modified and applied

4.  Operational issues need to be better understood

5.  Various financial analysis are needed

6.  Industry-wide consortium is needed to effectively solve the

problem

Safe ferry for developing countries