technologies and examples of heating and cooling ... · floor radiant heating/cooling heat pump...

Technologies and examples of heating and cooling historical buildingsMichele De Carli

Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padova

e-mail: michele.decarli@unipd.it

SEMINARHistorical Architecture & Energy Efficiency -

Proposals and SolutionsBruxelles – September 25 2013

Problem 1 Before 1945

1945 - 1981 1981 - 2001

Around 20% of buildings are historical buildings in Italy

Problem 2Many buildings are used in a different way compared to their original use

Problem 3

In historical buildings there is frequently no possibility to insulate nor to install renewable energy (local regulations do not allow photovoltaic or solar collectors)

Problem 4Running costs of energy have to be faced, but the value of artworks is much higher than the energy costs

Problem 5

Values of temperature, lighting and air humidity may change related to the different artworks contained in the historical building

Problem 6Comfort of people is not necessarily related to indoor climate requirements for artworks

And more problems ...........

ST. MARIEN – WISMAR (D)

Destroyed in second World war Monitoring of a chapel

SOME EXAMPLES OF THE RESEARCH ACTIVITY

andamento delle temperature dell'aria

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24/10/03 0.00 24/10/03 12.00 25/10/03 0.00 25/10/03 12.00 26/10/03 0.00 26/10/03 12.00 27/10/03 0.00

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T 1,0m T 4,0m T 7,0m T 10,0m T 13,0m temperatura esterna set-point

livello di velocitàdel ventilatore

ST. MARIEN – WISMAR (D)

1°C/hour maximum heat-up, cooling-down

A good solution is to maintain a set-point temperat ure during occupancy and a set-back temperature if the buildin g is not in use.

S. Francesco’s Church in Bassano del Grappa (I)

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REAL values after retrofit (from bills)

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In real conditions

Simulations by changing the concrete thickness

With intermittent operation

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VILLA PISANI – STRA (I)

Heating/cooling by means of the pond

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Technical room

Internal units

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BASILICA DEL PALLADIO – VICENZA (I)

Volume 20’000 m³

Ventilation (heated/cooled air)Floor radiant heating/coolingHeat pump using aquifer water

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Retrofit of the floor

Radiant system installation

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BASILICA S. MARIA DELLA SALUTE – VENICE (I)

Preserving the original floor

Radiant floor heating might induce mechanical stresses.Constant temperature over the year

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Milling of the floor and pipe installation

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PALAZZO DELLA RAGIONE – PADOVA (I)

One of the largest halls in Europe

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Palazzo della Ragione - Temperatura operativa

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Palazzo della Ragione - Temperatura operativa

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Simulations

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Cooling conditions Heating conditions

Air diffusers for heating/cooling

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Air velocities close to walls in cooling conditions

Air velocities close to walls in heating conditions

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OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS OF RESEARCH 1/2

• When retrofitting a heating plant the higher effici ency of the new systems allow better comfort and energy savings

• There is the need of monitoring indoor parameters before and after renovations

• It might be possible to use non-invasive solutions (e.g. reflecting paintings with respect to solar radiatio n for walls, film coatings for windows, etc.). Research i s needed to check the real benefits

• Need of guidelines for local regulations for histor ical buildings energy solutions

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• In cooling it might be possible to use natural ventilation. In naturally ventilated buildings ener gy consumption is low, IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) is goo d, thermal comfort perception is completely different to air-conditioned spaces (higher indoor temperatures are acceptable)

• Many times the building has been partly rebuilt in the recent past, hence improving insulation is possible (especially roofs). Pilot projects might be propose d

• Manpower in historical buildings have to be high quality. Possibility to increase the quality of bui lders

OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS OF RESEARCH 2/2

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• In historical buildings new solutions are necessary and hence can be developed

• Need of soft heating and cooling technologies and philosophy (natural ventilation or mixed mode)

• Dissemination of best practices

• And more …..

OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS OF RESEARCH 2/2

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Michele De Carli