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Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
Jamaica Technology Needs Assessment
Workshop June 29 2005
Rawleston Moore
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
Is there such a thing as a Technology for Adaptation?
Adaptation defined as “adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, that moderates harm and exploits beneficial opportunities”
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
“Any application of equipment, techniques, practical knowledge or skills that would allow natural or human systems to adjust to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, by moderating harm or exploiting beneficial opportunities”
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
What is Technology Needs Assessment (TNA)
TNA- Prioritizes Technologies, Practices and Policy Reforms that can be implemented in different sectors of a country to adapt to climate change
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
TNA: identification and evaluation of equipment, techniques, practical knowledge or skills for addressing a particular purpose or activity
Purpose/activity: climate change response - Adaptation
IPCC Definition-
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
TNA not a stand alone activity- Continuation of work carried out or identified
in Jamaican Initial National Communications and will be continued in Second National Communications
TNA- Can be considered as an approach by which development and climate change response needs and technology opportunities are integrated
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
Generic Activities Involved in TNA
1-Overview of sectors
2-Priority setting and criteria for technology assessment
3-Barrier analysis and policy needs
4-Stakeholder consultation
5-Synthesis report
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
OVERVIEW OF SECTOR– Preliminary assessment of current status
Drawn from existing data and information e.g. First national communication of Jamaica.
– Identification of vulnerable sectors in first national communication
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
PRIORITY SETTING AND CRITERIA FOR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
-Which areas should be priorities?
Coastal Zones?,
Water Sector?,
Agriculture?,
Health?
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
PRIORITY SETTING AND CRITERIA FOR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
What Criteria should be used for identification and selection of technologies?
Vulnerability Reduction PotentialDevelopment Criteria-job benefits, build capacityFinance- Capital, affordability, market potentialCapacity RequirementsProven Technology
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
PRIORITY SETTING AND CRITERIA FOR TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Hard Technology vs Soft Technology
Potential to benefit from technology development and transfer
Policies that would support adoption of technologies identified
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
BARRIER ANALYSIS AND POLICY NEEDS
What are barriers preventing technology development and technology transfer?
Is there enough information on the various technologies?
What policies are needed to be put in place to improve technology transfer and development?
Social and cultural acceptability
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
BARRIER ANALYSIS AND POLICY NEEDS– Has enough vulnerability assessment work
been done?– Integrated and cross-cutting– Should be done at each step of the TNA
process
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
Expert Judgment and Knowledge of Sector
Wide Participation and transparent process
Report Preparation
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
Start of the Needs Assessment process which will continue during the second national communications
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
Example of Adaptation Technology. Electric Reefs- A solution for corals in peril
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
Biorock™ On underwater, conductive structures we assemble a positively
charged anode and a negatively charged cathode (structure)
Apply a low voltage electric current between them
– Safe for swimmers Which causes minerals to crystallize from seawater onto
structures Calcium carbonate, white limestone (CaCO3) is formed-Similar
to natural coral reefs and tropical white sand Corals adhere to limestone and grow quickly
How a Biorock™ Reef works
Cathode (-)Conductive Structure
Anode (+)
Solar collector or other power
supply
(CaCO3)
When a positively charged anode and a negatively charged cathode are suspended in sea water with an electric current flowing between them, calcium ions combine with carbonate ions and adhere to the structure (cathode).The result is calcium carbonate.Corals adhere to CaCO3 and grow quickly.
Coral Fragments
How to build an electric reef• Design the structure• Assemble the structure from conductive materials• Submerge the structure• Attach anode material• Attach wires from solar panel or voltage generator• Turn on current• Watch for bubbles
– Signifies limestone forming• Attach coral fragments• Watch the coral grow
Designing a structure
• Designs take into account depth, wave action, ocean bottom characteristics and aesthetics
• Structures are easily built with locally available conductive material (usually rebar)
Considerations for buildinga Biorock Reef
• Depth of water
• Type of ocean bottom
• Distance from shore
• Availability of electric power
• Availability of broken coral fragments
• Dedication to maintaining reef operation
• Funding
Typical costs• Design —• Rebar —• Cables —• Solar collectors —• Voltage generators —• Labor —• Travel —• Licensing fees —• Consulting fees —
Biorock corals
• Grow 3-5 times faster
• Heal more than 20 times faster
• Survive high temperatures 16-50 times more
• Have hundreds of times more baby coral settlement
• Attract incredible numbers of fish
• Corals can survive under lethal conditions• Reefs can be quickly restored where they can’t
recover naturally• Fishermen can grow reefs and greatly increase
fish and shellfish populations and catches, becoming farmers instead of hunters
• Breakwaters can be built for a fraction of the price of concrete or stone, with vastly greater environmental benefits
Global Coral Reef Alliance
Dr. Thomas J. Goreau PresidentGlobal Coral Reef Alliance37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USATelephone: 617-864-4226, 617-864-0433E-mail: goreau@bestweb.netWeb site: http://www.globalcoral.org
Technology Needs AssessmentAdaptation Sector
THANK YOU
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