technology to mitigage greenhouse emissions · from 0 to 94 ppt . energy emissions by ... bio...

Technology to Mitigate

Greenhouse Emissions

By David Lane

Factors that Influence the Earth’s

Climate

Earths Energy Sources

• Solar Energy-which is overwhelmingly the

main source.

• Gravitational force from the Moon (Tidal)

• Geothermal from the Earth’s Core

Effect of Industrialisation on Composition of

Main Atmospheric Pollutants.

• CO2 from 280 to 375 ppm

• N2O from 270 to 319 ppb

• CH4 from 730 to 1852 ppb

• Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 from 0 to 94 ppt

Energy Emissions by Sector

Energy Demand by Fuel Use in

millions of tons of Oil Equivalent.

Bio Fuels:- White Ethanol Pump

for Vehicle Use

Bio Fuels - Concept of a proposed Municipal

Solid Waste & Sewage Sludge

to Ethanol Plant

CO2 Output from Electricity Generation

Fuel Source CO2 Emitted g/kWh

Conventional Coal 1000g/kWh

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

(CCGT)

500g/kWh

Photovoltaic 58g/kWh

Nuclear

(complete lifecycle)

5g/kWh

Wind 5g/kWh

Hydroelectric <5g/kWh

Integrated Clean Coal Flow

Diagram

Gross CO2 Storage Capacity & Enhanced Oil

Recovery (EOR) for UK & Norwegian Sectors.

Includes Oil & Gas Fields also Aquifers. (MMSTB =Million Stock Tank Barrels. Mt = million tonnes)

Solar Thermal Power using

Solar Troughs

CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)

Solar Thermal Power using Solar

Troughs CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)

Onshore Wind Farm

Offshore Wind farm

Schematic of an Oscillating Water Column

(Image courtesy of Fujita Research)

Bio fuelled Cars at the Eden

Project

Bio Fuelled World Record Diesel

Speed Boat

Projected Car Ownership in Developing

countries will dwarf current numbers in the

West (units are millions)

Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant

Iceland

Percentage of Public, Civil R&D Budgets spent on

low carbon R&D in 2004 (Excludes Nuclear &

Fossil Fuels)

New Zealand's History of

Renewable Energy

• Annual Electricity Generation Annual Electricity Generation, GWh

Year Hydro Thermal Geothermal Wind Total % Renewable

1975 16,497 1,931 1,350 - 20,126 90%

1980 19,171 1,959 1,206 - 22,700 91%

1985 19,511 6,555 1,165 - 27,673 76%

1990 22,953 5,956 2,091 - 31,467 81%

1995 27,259 5,426 2,049 1 35,244 85%

2000 24,387 10,474 2,756 119 38,285 73%

2005 23,099 14,305 3,007 609 41,670 66%

Source: New Zealand Energy Data File June 2008, Ministry of Economic Development.

An International Idea for low Carbon Emission

Power Supply in Europe and North Africa. Note PV =Photovoltaic's and CSP= Concentrated Solar Power

National Ignition Facility, Laser Target

Chamber to Create a Fusion Reaction

National Ignition Facility & Photon

Science. Laser Target For Fusion

Reaction

Geothermal Power 1

Geothermal power 2