test one review

Test One ReviewTest One Review

Chapters 2 and 3Chapters 2 and 3

Chemistry is the study of:Chemistry is the study of:

The composition, structure and properties of The composition, structure and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.matter and the changes it undergoes.

Mass is a measure of…Mass is a measure of…

The amount of matter in an object.The amount of matter in an object.

Matter is…Matter is…

Anything that has mass and takes up space.Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Volume is…Volume is…

The space filled by matter.The space filled by matter.

Volume can be calculated by…?Volume can be calculated by…?

L x W x H = V (cmL x W x H = V (cm33 ) )

Volume of a liquid is measured in the lab Volume of a liquid is measured in the lab using a…? using a…?

Density?Density?

Amount of matter per unit space.Amount of matter per unit space. How tightly packed the matter is in an How tightly packed the matter is in an

object.object. Water has a density of 1g/ml… how do you Water has a density of 1g/ml… how do you

think the density of cork compares to this?think the density of cork compares to this? Iron?Iron?

An atom is…An atom is…

The smallest part of an element that The smallest part of an element that maintains the properties of that element.maintains the properties of that element.

An element is…An element is…

A pure substance made up of only one kind A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom.of atom.

A compound is…A compound is…

A pure substance made up of two or more A pure substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.elements that are chemically bonded.

Classify the following as element, Classify the following as element, compound or mixture:compound or mixture: Hydrogen gasHydrogen gas OO22

WaterWater SaltSalt IronIron NN22

A physical property is…A physical property is…

a characteristic that can be observed or a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of measured without changing the identity of the substance.the substance.

Often relate to physical changes.Often relate to physical changes.

Which of the following are physical Which of the following are physical propertiesproperties.. DensityDensity Melting point / Freezing pointMelting point / Freezing point Boiling pointBoiling point ColorColor Crystal shapeCrystal shape HardnessHardness LusterLuster Malleability/ ductilityMalleability/ ductility

A physical change is a…A physical change is a…

a change in a substance that does not a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the involve a change in the identity of the substance.substance.

Chemical property…Chemical property…

Relates to a substances ability to undergo Relates to a substances ability to undergo chemical changes.chemical changes.

Can not be observed with out changing the Can not be observed with out changing the identity of the matter.identity of the matter.

Chemical change takes place when the Chemical change takes place when the identity and composition of a substance is identity and composition of a substance is altered…altered…

Evidence that indicates a chemical Evidence that indicates a chemical change has taken place?change has taken place?

Flame, heat or light producedFlame, heat or light produced Gas producedGas produced Precipitate/color changePrecipitate/color change

Give some examples of chemical Give some examples of chemical changes…changes…

What kind of change? Why?What kind of change? Why?

Sodium bicarbonate was added to HCl. Sodium bicarbonate was added to HCl. Describe the changes that took place.Describe the changes that took place.

What likely happened to the mass of the flask What likely happened to the mass of the flask containing the HCl and Sodium bicarbonate?containing the HCl and Sodium bicarbonate?

What happened to the overall mass of What happened to the overall mass of products and reactants?products and reactants?

What is a preciptate?What is a preciptate?

Classify the following as chemical Classify the following as chemical property physical property:property physical property:

The density of gold is 19.33 g/cmThe density of gold is 19.33 g/cm33

Gold does not react with many chemicals Gold does not react with many chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and fluorine.but is attacked by chlorine and fluorine.

Hydrogen reacts with oxygen.Hydrogen reacts with oxygen. Gold is very malleable.Gold is very malleable. Gold has a melting point of 1337.33 KGold has a melting point of 1337.33 K Wax melts at 70 CWax melts at 70 C Paraffin reacts with oxygenParaffin reacts with oxygen Iron rustsIron rusts

A mixture…?A mixture…?

Is a blend of two or more substances each Is a blend of two or more substances each of which retains its own composition and of which retains its own composition and properties.properties.

May be separated into its components by May be separated into its components by physical means (evaporation, filtration, physical means (evaporation, filtration, distillation) distillation)

Heterogeneous vs. HomogenousHeterogeneous vs. Homogenous

Homogeneous have uniform composition Homogeneous have uniform composition (ex. solutions). You can not “see” the (ex. solutions). You can not “see” the individual components in the mixture.individual components in the mixture.

Heterogeneous do not have uniform Heterogeneous do not have uniform composition.composition.

Classify the following as Classify the following as heterogeneous or homogeneous:heterogeneous or homogeneous: AIRAIR Salt dissolved in waterSalt dissolved in water BloodBlood GraniteGranite Beach sandBeach sand

Element, compound, heterogeneous Element, compound, heterogeneous or homogeneous mixtureor homogeneous mixture

Copper II chloride Copper II chloride Nitrogen gasNitrogen gas GatoradeGatorade Salad dressing (italian)Salad dressing (italian) SteelSteel ironiron

SI BASE UNITSSI BASE UNITS LENGTH …LENGTH … METERMETER MASS …MASS … KILOGRAMKILOGRAM TIME…TIME… SECONDSECOND TEMPERATURE …TEMPERATURE … KELVINKELVIN AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE…AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE… MOLEMOLE

Each SI base unit has a defined Each SI base unit has a defined standard…standard… Example 1 meter = the distance traveled by Example 1 meter = the distance traveled by

light in about 3.3 x 10light in about 3.3 x 10-9-9 seconds. seconds.

Why?Why?

Derived SI unitsDerived SI units

Volume…Volume… V = L x W x H = m x m m = mV = L x W x H = m x m m = m33

Density …Density … D = M/V = g/cmD = M/V = g/cm33

Units derived from base units.Units derived from base units.

Conversion factorConversion factor

A ratio between two quantities…A ratio between two quantities…

1 dollar = 4 quarters…1 dollar = 4 quarters… $ 1 : 4 quarters.$ 1 : 4 quarters.

Allow you to convert between units.Allow you to convert between units.

Make the following conversions Make the following conversions using conversion factors.using conversion factors.

100 yards = _____ meters100 yards = _____ meters

15 seconds = ____ days15 seconds = ____ days

21 grams = _____ ounces 21 grams = _____ ounces

12 ounces = _____ kilograms12 ounces = _____ kilograms

Accuracy vs. PrecisionAccuracy vs. Precision

Accuracy refers to…Accuracy refers to… The closeness of a measurements to the The closeness of a measurements to the

correct or accepted value…correct or accepted value…

Precision refers to…Precision refers to… The closeness of a set of measurements of The closeness of a set of measurements of

the same quantity made in the same way.the same quantity made in the same way.

How many significant figures in ?How many significant figures in ?

100.010 g100.010 g 0.002020 m0.002020 m 6.02 x 10 6.02 x 10 23 23 atomsatoms 200200 200.200.

Rounding calculationsRounding calculations

Multiplication or division, round to the least Multiplication or division, round to the least number of significant figures in the number of significant figures in the measurements…measurements…

Addition or subtraction, round to the least Addition or subtraction, round to the least number of places right of the decimal…number of places right of the decimal…

Calculate & round, don’t be a Calculate & round, don’t be a

4.024cm x 1.1cm =4.024cm x 1.1cm =

3.002 g / 2 cm3.002 g / 2 cm33 = =

4.0 g + 2.025 g =4.0 g + 2.025 g =

Write the following in scientific Write the following in scientific notationnotation 200 m200 m

0.00204 g0.00204 g

0.00004 cm0.00004 cm

300000000 m/s (the speed of light)300000000 m/s (the speed of light)

Solve the following problems:Solve the following problems:

1.1. The distance from Earth to the Sun is 1.5 x The distance from Earth to the Sun is 1.5 x 101088 km. How many feet is this km. How many feet is this

2.2. 3.5 x 103.5 x 1077 gallons of water pass over gallons of water pass over Niagara falls each minute. How many Niagara falls each minute. How many milliliters is this?milliliters is this?

If the density of aluminum is 2.7 If the density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cmg/cm33 what is the volume of a 0.50 gram what is the volume of a 0.50 gram piece of aluminum foil?piece of aluminum foil?

32.066 grams of sulfur contains 6.02 32.066 grams of sulfur contains 6.02 x10x102323 atoms. How many atoms are in a atoms. How many atoms are in a 9.05 gram sample of sulfur?9.05 gram sample of sulfur?

Things to remember when problem Things to remember when problem solvingsolving Use conversion factors!Use conversion factors! It is all about the units…so be sure to label.It is all about the units…so be sure to label. Show all work clearly.Show all work clearly. Round results appropriately.Round results appropriately. UNITS, UNITS, UNITS.UNITS, UNITS, UNITS.

UNITS, UNITS, UNITSUNITS, UNITS, UNITS

Use dimensional analysis.Use dimensional analysis. No work, no units, no credit.No work, no units, no credit.

See also…See also…

Unit one review outline and chapters 2 & 3 Unit one review outline and chapters 2 & 3 in text.in text.