the black pearl pepper banker plant for biological control of thrips in commercial greenhouses sarah...
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The ‘Black Pearl’ Pepper banker plant for Biological Control of Thrips in Commercial
Greenhouses
Sarah Wong, Steve FrankNorth Carolina State University
Banker PlantA plant that directly or indirectly provides resources, such as food,
prey, or hosts, to natural enemies that are deliberately released within a cropping system
Frank, S. D. (2010) Biological Control 52 8-16
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/06-081.htm
Black Pearl Pepper
http://www.eric.5596.org/photoblog/?cat=8
Overall Objective
To optimize implementation of the ‘Black Pearl’ Pepper banker plant system for controlling thrips in commercial greenhouses
First Question
How does pollen from the ‘Black Pearl’ Pepper Banker Plant affect O. insidiosus abundance?
Measured O. insidiosus adult and nymphal
abundance when flowers were present and absent
0 1 2 3 4 5 60.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00Adults (Flowers)
Adults (No Flowers)
Week
Aver
age
Abun
danc
e of
Adu
lt O
. ins
idio
sus
Average O. insidiosus adult abundance in the presence and absence of flowers over six weeks
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50Nymphs (Flowers)
Nymphs (No Flowers)
Week
Aver
age
Abun
danc
e of
Nym
phal
O. i
nsid
iosu
sAverage O. insidiosus nymphal abundance in the presence and absence of flowers over six weeks
0 1 2 3 4 5 60.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
Adults (Flowers)Nymphs (Flowers)
Week
Aver
age
abun
danc
e of
O. i
nsid
iosu
s ad
ults
and
ny
mph
sO. insidiosus adults and nymphal abundance in the
presence of flowers over six weeks
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
FlowersNo Flowers
Week
Thrip
s ab
unda
nce
Average thrips abundance in the presence and absence of flowers over six weeks
http://www.fargro.co.uk/biologicals/gt-thrip.htm
First Question Summary
• Increased adult abundance– Increased nutrition– Reduced cannibalism
• Increased nymphal abundance– Flowers increase fertility– Better nutrition for nymphs– Reduced cannibalism
Second QuestionHow does the ‘Black Pearl’ Pepper banker plant
system work in commercial greenhouses?
Commercial Greenhouse: Ornamental Grasses Nursery~120x20’
Hoop houses with plastic covering
Treatments
CONTROL AUGMENTATION BANKER
No insecticides No insecticides No insecticides
No release Release O. insidiosus Release O. insidiosus
No banker plants No banker plants Banker plants
Banker Plant Treatment
24 plants per house
4 rows in each house6 plants in each row
Sampling with a ‘Bug Vacuum’
Insects found in vacuum samples
http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/node/595
http://trmom.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/ladybug.jpg
http://hymenoptera.tamu.edu/paroffit/?taxcpl=tax&taxcpl_id=7472
http://www.agroatlas.ru/pests/Rhopalosiphum_padi_en.htm
5/19 5/26 6/1 6/8 6/16 6/22 6/29 7/8 7/13 7/200
50
100
150
200
250
300
350ControlAugmentationBanker
Sample Date
Aver
age
Abun
danc
e of
Thr
ips
Thrips Abundance in Greenhouses Over Nine Weeks
Treatment: p = 0.007 Date: p = 0.014Trt*Date: p = 0.755
5/19 5/26 6/1 6/8 6/16 6/22 6/29 7/8 7/13 7/200
10
20
30
40
50
60Control
Augmentation
Banker
Sample Date
Aver
age
Abun
danc
e of
Spi
der M
ites Treatment: p = 0.054
Date: p = 0.038Trt*Date: p = 0.202
Spider Mite Abundance in Greenhouses Over Nine Weeks
Discussion
Reduced thrips and spider mite abundance
Discussion
Banker Plants vs. Augmentation?
http://go.ipublisher.nl/index.php?file_id=299
Emigration
Intraguild Predation
• Spiders present in grasses• Especially on the banker plants
http://uglyoverload.blogspot.com/2009/01/jumping-spider-eyes.html
http://tolweb.org/Lycosidae/2746
http://greennature.com/gallery/spider-pictures/lynx-spiders.html
Alternative Food Source
The Future of Banker Plants
Acknowledgements
SARE On Farm Research Grant to Steve FrankSARE Graduate Student Grant to Sarah K. Wong &
Steven D. FrankSally TaylorAlan StephensonAmy BaderC. Raker and Sons, Inc.Van Wingerden InternationalHoffman Nursery
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