the civil war - shelby county schools · 2013-01-06 · in the war. a casualty is a person who is...

The Civil War

Chapter 6

Lesson 1-Breaking Away from the Union

The Union is another name for the United

States.

People in the North and South disagreed

on issues such as slavery and states’

rights, or the right to make decisions for

itself.

North and South The North and South had very different

economies.

The North depended on small farms and

manufacturing industries that paid workers for

their labor.

Manufacturing is the process of making goods

by hand or with machines.

North and South

Many Southern plantations

depended on the labor of

enslaved people.

They thought that having

slaves was a way of life.

Many Northerners were

abolitionists.

An abolitionist wanted to

abolish, or end, slavery.

North and South

States in which people were legally allowed to

own slaves were known as slave states.

States in which people could not own slaves

were known as free states.

People could not agree on the issue of slavery,

so some Southern states wanted to secede from

the Union to protect their right to own slaves.

To secede means to withdraw.

Disagreements

Other disagreements between the North and South included:

Transportation-North wanted the government to pay for it; South wanted each state to pay

Land in the West-South was worried that the land would be too small and too expensive

Tariffs-North wanted high tariffs; South wanted low tariffs

A tariff is a tax on goods that are brought into one country from another to be sold.

Abraham Lincoln

When Abraham Lincoln became president, it caused Southerners to become even more concerned.

Lincoln was against the spread of slavery to the West.

They were afraid he would want to end slavery in the South.

Seceding from the Union

In December 1860, South Carolina seceded.

Some Alabamians wanted to secede immediately, and some thought Alabama should secede only if other states did.

On January 7, 1861, delegates met in Montgomery to discuss whether to secede.

70 out of 100 delegates had enslaved people. Why would this be important?

On January 11, the delegates voted to secede from the Union.

The Confederacy By February, four more states had seceded.

There was a meeting in Montgomery with representatives from all 6 states on February 4, 1861.

They organized their own government called the Confederate States of America, and they became an independent country.

They elected Jefferson Davis as their president.

Montgomery served as the first capital of the Confederacy, but then it moved to Richmond, Virginia because it had the largest population.

The War Begins The Confederacy did not want U.S. troops in their forts.

President Lincoln wanted to protect the forts because he considered them U.S. property.

So he ordered that supplies be sent to Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

This made the Confederacy furious!

So they ordered troops to fire on Fort Sumter.

The Civil War had begun!

Lesson 2-Alabama in the Civil War

After the war broke out, many Alabamians volunteered for military service.

They formed 29 regiments, or units of soldiers.

African Americans also took part in the war: They fought with their owners on the Confederate side

Carried supplies

Cared for horses

Worked in Confederate army camps

Escaped from slavery and joined the Union side

Women served as nurses close to the battlefield.

African Americans and Women in the Civil War

Selma

Selma, Alabama became an

important military supply center

because it was close to mineral

resources and had good river and

rail transportation.

The Selma Arsenal made

ammunition, such as cannons,

shells, and gunpowder.

Ships were built at Selma’s Naval

Yard.

Fighting in the War Robert E. Lee was the general for the Confederacy.

Ulysses S. Grant was the general for the Union.

The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the main battles of the war and the Union won.

The Union continued to win most of the battles for the next two years.

Lee Grant

Ending the War

By April 1865, Confederate forces were outnumbered by Union troops.

General Lee felt he could do nothing but surrender.

Grant accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House, Virginia on April 9, 1865.

The war was over.

After the War Alabama suffered between 30,000 and 40,000 casualties

in the war.

A casualty is a person who is injured, killed, or captured

during a war.

President Lincoln signed and issued the Emancipation

Proclamation during the war, which freed enslaved

people in Confederate states.

In 1865, the 13th Amendment became part of the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery throughout the

country.

Lesson 3-Rebuilding After the War When the soldiers came home, they saw that Alabama’s infrastructure had been heavily damaged.

Infrastructure is the basic systems a society needs in order to function.

Plantations and farms had been set on fire.

Confederate troops had burned thousands of bales of cotton to stop the Union troops from taking them.

Cities were in ruins, rail cars, rail track, rail stations, and steamboats were destroyed.

Alabama and other states in the South faced a long period of rebuilding, known as Reconstruction.

Rejoining the Union

The U.S. government in Washington, D.C. helped many states rebuild.

President Andrew Johnson appointed temporary governors for the Southern states.

Johnson became President after Lincoln was assassinated.

He chose Lewis E. Parsons of Talladega to be the temporary governor of Alabama.

Johnson

Parsons

Rejoining the Union

Parsons began by bringing back all of the laws that Alabama had before the war, except for the laws on slavery.

Then, President Johnson outlined the steps that all the Southern states had to take in order to rejoin the Union:

1. A percentage of voters in each Southern state had to take an oath of loyalty to the U.S.

2. Each state had to write a new constitution.

Rejoining the Union

Alabama followed President Johnson’s

steps, including a new constitution.

However, Alabama was not immediately

allowed back into the Union. Why?

Because they had passed a series of laws

known as black codes.

Black Codes were laws that limited the

rights of African Americans.

Rejoining the Union Congress passed a Reconstruction act, or law,

saying that the Southern states had to write new

constitutions.

These new state constitutions had to give

African Americans the right to vote.

In November 1867, delegates met again in

Montgomery to write a new constitution.

Alabama rejoined the Union in 1868!

For the first time in Alabama

history, there were African

American delegates who helped

write the new constitution.

The Freedmen’s Bureau The Freedmen’s Bureau helped African Americans who once had been enslaved.

They helped feed thousands of Alabamians by providing food to them.

They treated patients in hospitals.

It opened schools for African Americans who had not been allowed to read and write when they were slaves.

They also helped some African Americans get land of their own.

Sharecroppers

After the war many people had no money, land, animals, goods, etc.

Because of this, some people became sharecroppers.

Sharecroppers farmed land that belonged to someone else.

A landowner would provide seeds, supplies, food, and shelter. In exchange, the landowner would receive a part of the crop.

Many sharecroppers and their families were poor.

Alabama African Americans in Government

Benjamin Turner

U.S. House of

Representatives

U.S. Congress

James T. Rapier

State House of

Representatives

State Congress

Jeremiah Haralson

State House of

Representatives

State Senate

U.S. Congress

Reconstruction

Scalawags were Southerners who supported Reconstruction.

Carpetbaggers were mostly Northerners who had moved to the South and supported Reconstruction.

The Ku Klux Klan and the Bourbon Redeemers were against Reconstruction and did not want equality for African Americans.

Reconstruction Ends

Some members of the Bourbon Redeemers

group were elected to powerful positions in the

state government.

They wanted to bring back the pre-1868

Constitution and told voters that they would save

Alabama from the rule of African Americans.

They wrote a new constitution to replace the

Reconstruction constitution and this marked the

end of Reconstruction in Alabama.