the cold war american history. introduction to the cold war what is a cold war? who fights in a cold...
Post on 17-Jan-2016
214 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
The Cold WarAmerican History
Introduction to The Cold War
• What is a Cold War?
• Who fights in a Cold War?
• How do you fight a Cold War?
What? and Who?• Battle of ideology
• Battle of culture
• Battle of values
• Democratic vs. Totalitarian
• Western vs. Eastern, American vs. Soviet
• Capitalist vs. Socialist
Weapons of a Cold War• Foreign Policy: Strategy
– Truman Doctrine
• Economic Aid: Loans, Investments– Marshall Plan
• Alliances: Security Pacts, Organizations– NATO, Warsaw Pact
• Technology: Military Weapons– Nuclear Weapons, Satellites
• Propaganda: Radio, TV, News
• Covert Warfare: Spies, Coups, Sabotage
US Cold War Foreign Policy
• Advisory Organizations
• Architects of Cold War Foreign Policy
• “On the Sources of Soviet Conduct”
• Containment
• The Truman Doctrine
Advisory Organizations• National Security Council – NSC -
Comprised of Secretaries of Military branches, and Department of State & Defense
• Department of Defense (1947) -- coordinates military & diplomatic activities.
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) -- coordinates intelligence gathering bodies & conducts covert operations.
Architects -- George Marshall
• Appointed Secretary
of State in 1947. Was
Army Chief of Staff
during WWII.
Driving force behind
the plan for the
economic recovery of
Europe.
Architects -- Dean Acheson
• Appointed
Undersecretary of
State by Marshall.
Would eventually
succeed Marshall as
Secretary of State.
Architects -- George Kennan
• Kennan was a career foreign service officer who
had become an expert on the Soviet Union.
• Deputy to George Marshall
• Wrote “On the Sources of Soviet Conduct,” under
the pen-name “X” which became the basis of the
US “Containment” strategy.
“On the Sources of Soviet Conduct”
• Soviet paranoia of foreign hostility• Need for unlimited domestic authority• Promotion of revolutions abroad to justify
Communist control of Soviet Union• Therefore, US Policy must be that of “long-
term, patient, but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansion.”
The “Truman Doctrine”
• “Containments” first test• Britain unable to support Greece & Turkey• USSR demands land concessions from
Turkey• US to fill British role• Truman requests $400 million & military
advisors towards defeating communist insurgents.
Containment -- CHINA
• Nationalist Chinese, led by Chiang Kai-
shek at war with Communist Chinese, led
by Mao Zedong.
• US supports Chiang
• Chiang’s corruption devastates economy
Containment -- CHINA
• People rally behind Mao, who promises an end to inflation
• Soviets back Mao• Chiang forced to
island of Taiwan in 1949
• People’s Republic of China is established
Containment -- CHINA
• US Response:
1) Refused to recognize the People’s
Republic
2) Signed peace treaty with Japan,
granting rights for US military bases in
Japan
Summary• A Cold War is a battle of ideologies, values,
and cultures fought with non-military weapons designed to undermine the enemy’s claims of legitimacy.
• US Cold War foreign policy is guided by the “Truman Doctrine” of containment
• Containment faced its first test in Greece, Turkey, and the Communist revolution in China
Quiz:1. The cold war was a battle of what three areas?
Ideology, culture, values
2. Name one of the weapons of the cold war
Foreign Policy, Economic Aid, Alliances, Technology,
Propaganda, Covert Warfare
3. Name one of the advisory organizations
NSC, Department of Defense, CIA
4. What was the name given to the foreign policy strategy
toward communism?
Containment
5. What the doctrine that was used first to enforce this policy?
Truman Doctrine
top related