the evidence base in career guidance
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Tristram Hooley, Presentation to DfE and Careers Company 25th March 2015
The evidence base in school based career guidance
The evidence base in school based career guidance
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
What I’m going to cover
What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
What I’m going to cover
What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
OECD definition
Career guidance refers to services and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers…
The activities may take place on an individual or group basis, and may be face-to-face or at a distance (including help lines and web-based services). (OECD, 2004)
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Key concepts
• Career information• Career advice/career counselling• Career education• Work-related learning
Also• PSHE• Citizenship• Character
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Types of careers support typically provided by schools
• information provision• career assessments and tests• career counselling• careers advice delivered by a non-careers professional• curricular interventions• further study/work-related learning• other extra-curricular interventions• frameworks for reflection
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Three ways of thinking about this
• Activity based approach
• Service based approach
• Curriculum/learning based approach
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Benefits for schools
• Attainment
• Attendance
• Transition
• Life and career success
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
What I’m going to cover
What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Key players
Effective career support
Employers
Teachers
Careers professionals
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Skills of career professionals
• Career development theory• Labour market knowledge• Brokerage• Referral• Counselling skills• Career learning pedagogy• Advocacy • Leadership, co-ordination and collaboration• Service design and evaluation
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Teachers roles
Leadership roles
Careers leader Senior leader
Teaching rolesWithin-subject Teaching careers
Tutorial rolesCareer informant Pastoral support
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Employers
• Information, inspiration and advice• Providing opportunities to experience and learn about
work and gain career-related skills• Contributing to careers education activities within schools
such as CV writing workshops, mock interviews and enterprise programmes.
• Providing young people with contacts within the world of work that may be useful in their career development (social capital).
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
But…
• This is not core business for them. They have organisations/businesses to run and jobs to do.
• Their knowledge of the world is rich, but is confined predominantly to their own area of work and industry sector, and thus has an inherent partiality.
• Employers have limited knowledge of the complex �educational choices facing young people.
• Employers are unlikely to have in-depth conversations with individual students about the students’ own strengths and interests.
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
What I’m going to cover
What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Good career guidance (Gatsby)
• A stable careers programme• Learning from career and labour market information• Addressing the needs of each pupil• Linking curriculum learning to careers• Encounters with employers and employees• Experienced of workplaces• Encounters with further and higher education• Personal guidance
Activities and resources
Advice and guidance
Curriculum
Careers co-ordinator
Senior leader buy-in
School vision
Good career guidance
Involvement of employers and post-secondary learning providers in the education system
Professional infrastructure for careers workers
Local brokerage and partnership organisations High quality LMI
and resources
Quality and evaluation
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
What I’m going to cover
What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
The evidence for employer engagement
Strong evidence for the value of employer engagement in schools:• improved pupil motivation • improved contextualisation of learning• improved attainment• smoother transitions• reduction in the proportion of young people who become
NEET
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Schools’ interests
• Providing opportunities for young people• Improving destinations• Meeting expectations for career guidance• Curriculum enrichment
But, at present…• Limited drivers and incentives for engaging
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Employers’ interests
Solving skills shortages
Recruiting the right people
Developing the workforce
Growing a responsible brand
Employers
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Effective brokerage
• Proactive contact• Understand the interests of the organisations being
brokered• Clarify what is required and what will be offered• Interactions should be meaningful and connect to the
wider context of young people’s learning• Employers are a resource, not a service
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
What I’m going to cover
What is school-based career guidance?
The key players
What does it look like when it is done well?
Effective employer engagement
Passports and portfolios
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Enterprise passport
Lots of examples of this• Progress file• PDP and e-portfolios in HE e.g. Pebble Pad• HEAR• Passportfolio• National Careers Service suite of tools• + Lots of similar initiatives in other countries
Limited success
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Challenges with e-portfolios
• Student engagement• Employer awareness and then engagement• Continuity of technology• Transfer from one learning organisation to another• Tensions: recording vs accrediting achievement; reflection
vs communication (to employers)• Competition from social media (do you really need this
when you have Linkedin?)
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Useful ideas
• Portfolio building as a digital career literacy skill rather than e-portfolios as a product
• The thin e-portfolio• Where do CVs fit in?• Integration into learning and assessment• Recognising students’ tendency towards strategic, short-
term and instrumental engagement• Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivations for portfolio building
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Worth reading
• Andrews, D. (2011) Careers Education in Schools Stafford: Highflyers Publishing
• Bassot, B., Barnes, A., & Chant, A. (2013). A Practical Guide to Career Learning and Development. Abingdon: Routledge.
• Gatsby Charitable Foundation (2014). Good Career Guidance. London: Gatsby.
• BIS (2014) Understanding the link between employers and schools and the role of the National Careers Service, Research Paper 206 This is an authored paper and we should probably include the authors here.
• Hutchinson, J. (2012). Career-related learning and science education. School Science Review, 346: 91-98.
• Hutchinson, J. (2013). School Organisation and STEM Career-related Learning. York: National STEM Centre.
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Also worth reading
• Hutchinson, J., & Dickinson, B. (2014). Employers and schools. Local Economy, 29(3): 236-245.
• Mann, A. (2012). Work experience: Impact and delivery - Insights from the evidence. London: Education and Employers Taskforce.
• Mann and Dawkins, 2014b Employer engagement in education: literature review. London: Education and Employers Taskforce.
• Mann, A. and Percy, C. (2013). Employer engagement in British secondary education: wage earning outcomes experienced by young adults. Journal of Education and Work. CD
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
My work on this subject
• Hooley, T. (2014). The Evidence Base on Lifelong Guidance. Jyväskylä, Finland: European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (ELGPN).
• Hooley, T., Devins, D., Watts, A. G., Hutchinson, J., Marriott, J. and Walton, F. (2012). Tackling Unemployment, Supporting Business and Developing Careers. London: UKCES.
• Hooley, T., Matheson, J. & Watts, A.G. (2014). Advancing Ambitions: The role of career guidance in supporting social mobility. London: Sutton Trust.
• Hooley, T., Marriott, J. and Sampson, J.P. (2011). Fostering College and Career Readiness: How Career Development Activities in Schools Impact on Graduation Rates and Students' Life Success. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies, University of Derby.
• Hooley, T., Marriott, J., Watts, A.G. and Coiffait, L. (2012). Careers 2020: Options for Future Careers Work in English Schools. London: Pearson.
• Hooley, T., Watts, A.G., Andrews, D. (2015). Teachers and Careers: The Role Of School Teachers in Delivering Career and Employability Learning. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies, University of Derby.
www.derby.ac.ukwww.derby.ac.uk/icegs www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
Tristram Hooley
Professor of Career Education
International Centre for Guidance Studies
University of Derby
http://www.derby.ac.uk/icegs
t.hooley@derby.ac.uk
@pigironjoe
Blog at
http://adventuresincareerdevelopment.wordpress.com
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