the internet: a nursing resource. introduction the internet ’ s tremendous impact on society...

THE INTERNET: A NURSING RESOURCE

Introduction

The internet ’ s tremendous impact on society • Changing the way we communicate • Conduct business• Obtain information• Manage life

Internet

• describes as a network of computer networks -provides the ability for computes attached in some way to one of the wires or cables on the system to send and receive information from computer networks regardless of the location.

1957

• Russian launch sputnik, the result was the creation of Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA) by President Eisenhower. Packet Switching- devised system result of dividing message into smaller pieces, each individually addressed, invented by Paul Barran

1962

• Dr. J.C.R licklider lead the research to improve military use of computer technology. This visionary moved ARPA work from the private sector to universities.

1969

• Dr. J.C.R put his brainchild into operation in the fall and named ARPANET, after its DoD pentagon sponsor the ARPA. first node was installed at the university of California, Los Angeles.

1973

• The first step to this outcome were taken by Vint Cerf and Bob kahn - leading to the creation of the Transmission Control Protocol and the internet protocol (TCP/IP). This decentralized structure together with standard communication methods made expansion easy.

1980’s and 1990’s

• 1980’s - Many networks had adopted the standards, and internet became reality

• 1990’s - Commercial networks such as CompuServe and Prodigy became part of the internet; users of these networks could only communicate with those using the same service.

Who controls the internet?

• The internet itself has no owners, censors, bosses, board of directors, or stockholders.

• In principle, any computer or network that obeys the protocols, which are technical, not social or political, can be an equal player.

ISOC ( www.isoc.org )

• The overall organizing force an international, nonprofit, professional membership organization with no governmental allegiances. The society works to maintain standards, develop public policy, provide education, and increase membership.

Protocols

• Protocols- determined two devices how data will be transmitted between two devices. The main protocols on which the functioning of the internet is dependent are referred to as TCP and IP. – IP- the lower level protocol, responsible for making

decisions about packets. – TCP- data grams, detects and reorder the packets as

necessary. – HTTP- Hypertext transmission protocol, supports the

World Wide Web (www) – FTP- file transmission protocol, permits users to send all

types of electronic files over the internet.

THE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)

• The internet’s DNS permits us to give globally unique “names” to networks and computers. BENEFITS: Easier to remember than long string of numbers. Allows for a change of physical location that is transparent to the user.

CURRENT TOP LEVEL DOMAIN (TLD ’ S)

• .AERO for the air transport industry • .BIZ for business • .COM commercial/ business organization • .COOP cooperative • .EDU 4-year degree granting institution • .INFO for all users • .NAME for individuals • .NET for network resources • .PRO for professions

• The internet had over 109 million hosts in 230 countries as released by the Internet Software Consortium in March 15, 2001 from data collected during January 2000.

• The growth rate of the internet is estimated to be between 46 and 67% annually.

• Net is growing worldwide at the amazing rate of 63 new hosts and 11 new domains per minute.

USE OF INTERNET Then and How

• The first e-mail software appeared in 1972 today’s e-mail software allow users to list, selectively read, file, forward, and respond to message. During the next decade, e-mail was the largest network application.

• The e-mail was made freely available to anyone who wanted it.

• Anyone connected to internet could use the FTP protocols to connect to the host computer and download any of the available files.

• Archie sites - they pooled the information from their searchers and made it available to users at other sites.

• Gopher system - developed at the University of Minnesota, provides users a menu of items available on internet servers globally.

FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL

• The FTP was mentioned use to download and upload files from distant computers and transferring data. This protocol is still in use today for exchange of data but most use is transparent to the user.

TELNET

• is one of the protocols used in internet, a terminal emulation program that is part of the TCP/IP protocols.

• allows a connecting computer to behave like a terminal for a distant computer regardless of the type of computer that is target or originator of the telnet session.

• used to control web servers remotely

ELECTRONIC MAIL (E-MAIL)

• One of the most popular users for internet remains the ability to send and receive e-mail.

• Many individual uses e-mail for different purposes.

THE ANATOMY OF ELECTRONIC MAIL

• An e-mail address has two parts separated by “@” sign: – Username– Name of the computer that assigned the

username.Example: Mara.clara@Redcross.org (Mara.clara – username)(Redcross.org- name of computer)

EMOTICONS

• To accurate judge the mood of the sender the practice of typing characters available on a standard keyboard to form a picture, these small icons is called emoticons or smiley that use to denote a mood.

ABBREVIATIONS

• Cautiously used in e-mails and other messaging applications

• Examples: – AFK- Away from the keyboard – BTW- By the way – FTF- face to face – HTH- Hope this helps

ORGANIZING RECEIVED FILES

• This allows keeping “inbox” or mailbox area clear for messages that still have to attend and keeps messages you want in future. Very helpful feature when “cleaning out” your mailbox.

• Lawrence Lessing - law professor warns that the internet is having an impact on the concept of privacy.

FILE ATTACHMENTS

• Plain text e-mails that can be read by all e-mail software and all word processors.

• Has a Proprietary files format that can only be read by the program that created it. After creating file you can directly attach file and send to the recipient.

MAILING LIST

• able to send one message to many people or group.

• Eric Thomas - created the first software that automated many of the functions necessary to maintain a list. – List fundamentals – Finding a list – List etiquette

Two address of mailing list:

1. The address of the software that manages the list, used to subscribe to the list, unsubscribe, or use some of the functions that the software makes available.

2. The one that subscribers use to post a message to the mailing list.

THE WORLD WIDE WEB WWW• It is not just some passing

trend but an integral part of the world today.

• Tim Berners -lee - inventor of the WWW named as one of the top 20 thinkers of 20 th century.

• Browser - is a client program that translates files to the image you see on the screen .

ORIGIN OF THE WWW

• First proposed in 1989 by Tim Berners -lee while working with Robert Cailliau

• First prototype appeared in 1990 but released in 1991.

• Browser was released in 1992 to the public as freeware and there were only 50 Web servers.

• By the end of 1995 there had been improvements in browser

FUNCTIONS OF WWW

• Has special software that allows receiving, interpreting, and sending to the client computer the request file.

• Web’s use of HTTP enables the transmitting and interpretation of all types of files.

• Hypertext is a system which permits objects to be linked to another.

• Credibility - what is the source of the information, how current is it, useful and relevant; what was the process for editorial review.

• Content - to help judge accuracy examines the hierarchy of evidence, presence of original source.

• Disclosure - what is the purpose of the site; who is sponsoring it, and what will the site owners will do with any information that they collect.

• Links - what is the quality of the links provided