the latin american independence movement ss6h2 the student will explain the development of latin...
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The Latin American Independence Movement
SS6H2 The student will explain the development of Latin America and the Caribbean from European colonies to
independent nations.
Colonization
• The governments of Spain and Portugal ruled most of Latin America for nearly three hundred years.
• The American Revolution of 1776 gave Latin Americans the idea that they too could be free.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
• He was born a slave in the mid-1700s.
• His father had been a free African who was captured and sold into slavery in Saint Domingue.
• Toussaint was allowed to learn to read and write by his plantation owner.
• He became a famous black freedom fighter.
• He was a major leader of the slave revolts in Saint Domingue (Present Day-Haiti)
The French Revolution
• The French Revolution of 1789• The new French government gained freedom for
all free blacks and mulattoes (those of African and European ancestors).
• Plantation owners in Saint Dominque were furious.
• In 1791, the French government changed its mind and took back the freedom it had given the blacks and mulattoes.
Slave Revolt
• Toussaint led a slave army and defeated the French troops.
• By 1793, the French government had abolished slavery altogether.
• Toussaint lead his men against invading British and Spanish troops.
• In the end, Toussaint was left in charge of Domingue even though it was officially a French colony.
Emperor Napoleon and Toussaint
• In 1802, the French emperor Napoleon sent troops to Saint Domingue to regain control .
• He tricked Toussaint!• He was sent to France and placed in
prison where he died. • Within two years, the people of Saint
Domingue declared their independence and renamed their country Haiti.
Question: 248
• Toussaint L’Ouverture was famous for his role in gaining independence for which country?
• A. Cuba
• B. Haiti
• C. Mexico
• D. Venezuela
Question: 249
• Which country’s government imprisoned Toussaint L’Ouverture?
• A. France
• B. Great Britain
• C. Haiti
• D. Spain
Question: 250
• Which important goal did Toussaint L’Ouverture want to achieve?
• A. freedom for the slaves in Saint Domingue
• B. Improve production on sugar cane plantations
Question: 251
• Which childhood event allowed Toussaint L’Ouverture to learn ides about freedom and equality?
• A. His owner allowed him to learn to read and write.
• B. He made a trip to France.
Simon Bolivar
• Simon Bolivar was a leader in the wars for independence in South America. He and other leaders fought against Spanish rule.
• Simon Bolivar and other leaders wanted independence for all people in Latin America. Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela won their independence through his efforts.
Biography of Simon Bolivar
• Bolivar was born in 1783, in Caracas, in what is now Venezuela. He was from a wealthy family. He had an excellent education and read many books with ideas on freedom and equality.
• He lived at the time of the French Revolution and learned of the defeat of the French royal family.
1810-1824
• Bolivar led different groups of troops against Spanish rule. He fought in the lands that are now Venezuela, Colombia, and Panama.
• He was able to finally defeat the Spanish in 1824 and end Spanish rule in South America.
Bolivia
• The country of Bolivia was named in honor of Bolivar, and he wrote a constitution to organize the country.
• Bolivar is known as “The Liberator” in South America. He is also known as the “George Washington of South America.”
Simon Bolivar as Dictator
• He became dictator and tried to create a single, large South American country called Gran Colombia.
• It covered the entire northern part of South America. Fights among different groups caused the different countries to break up.
• Bolivar became infected with tuberculosis and died from the disease in 1830.
Grand Colombia Map
252. Simon Bolivar was known as the liberator for which people?
• A. Indigenous people
• B. Mexicans
• C. South Americans
• D. Spanish soldiers
253. Which country got its independence
because of Simon Bolivar’s efforts?
• A. Canada
• B. Mexico
• C. United States
• D. Venezuela
254. Which country’s revolution encouraged
Bolivar to fight for independence?
• A. France
• B. Mexico
• C. Spain
• D. Venezuela
255. Which country did Bolivar and his fellow patriots fight against?
• A. France
• B. Mexico
• C. Spain
• D. Venezuela
Miguel Hidalgo
• He is known as the father of Mexican independence.
• He was a priest who led a peasant army against the Spanish army in Mexico, which was then called New Spain. His army won some victories, but he did not live to see independence.
Biography of Hidalgo
• He was born in 1753. his family saw that he got a good education.
• He enjoyed reading books with ideas on freedom and equality.
• He saw that there was no equality for the peasant workers in Mexico.
• He saw that people born in Spain got special treatment compared to people born in Mexico.
He trained to be a priest and worked among the native people and peasants
Hidalgo and the Independence Movement
• In 1810, France invaded Spain, and the king was removed.
• This created problems in Mexico.
• People in Mexico were not sure they supported the new French government.
• Others did not support the old Spanish government.
• Hidalgo and several of his friends were a part of a third group that believed it was time for Mexico to be independent.
1810-1821
• Hidalgo was warned that he was going to be arrested. Those loyal to the French government turned him in.
• On September 16, Hidalgo gave a speech encouraging freedom for Mexico.
• Thousands followed Hidalgo and they won many victories against the Spanish.
• Unfortunately, Hidalgo and his followers did not have many weapons.
• The Spanish took Hidalgo prisoner. He was tried and executed for treason.
• He was executed by Spanish soldiers on July 30, 1811.
• In 1821, Spain withdrew its last troops from Mexico.
256. Miguel Hidalgo was known as the father of independence for which country?
• A. Bolivia
• B. Mexico
• C. Peru
• D. Venezuela
257. What job did Miguel Hidalgo have in Mexico?
• A. general
• B. peasant
• C. priest
• D. soldier
258. What event caused people in Mexico to begin to think about independent?
• A. France took over Spain and removed the king.
• B. Mexico had many peasants who were unhappy.
• C. Spain sent additional troops to fight against Hidalgo.
• D. Thousands of people followed Hidalgo after his speech.
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