the map mapping time charles joseph minard’s map … · nieman wilna vitebsk smolensk borodino...
Post on 10-Aug-2018
221 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation
Charles Joseph Minard’s map in 2014
Menno-Jan Kraak
Charles Joseph Minard’s map in 2014
• The map
• Mapping time
• An analytical approach
Minard’s map My sabbatical project: write a book on mapping time
• Research interest in mapping time • ’Possible best graphic ever’ (Tufte) • Family history
Carte figurative et approximative du mouvement des combustibles minéraux sur les voies d'eau et de fer de l'Empire français pendant l'année 1859 (1862)
Carte figurative et approximative des quantités de coton brut importées en europe en 1858, en 1864 et en 1865 (1866)
Atlas to Alison's history of Europe constructed and arranged, under the direction of Mr. Alison Johnston, A. K. 1848
Historical MilitaryAtlas of Russia IX-XX centuries Maksimov, I.I. Moskva: Publishing DIK, LLC "Drofa" 2003
Minard’s map in the style of the London Underground map http://www.dnash.org/et/napoleon-metro.jpg
Mapping time: working environment Temporal actions
Napoleon’s army
B A L T I CS E A
Berezina
Niemen
Dwina
Dnjepr
Pripet
Moskva
R u s s i a
A u s t r i a
P r u s s i a
P o l a n d
MJ 5-16
Napoleon's Campaign in Russia
5000
10000
25000
50000
100000
Imperial GuardI CorpsII CorpsIII CorpsIV CorpsV CorpsVI CorpsVII CorpsVIII CorpsIX CorpsX CorpsXI Corps
Napoleon’s armies
Space time cube
ABC
A
B
C
Minard’s map and time
Space-Time cube 4th Corps
Time cartograma) Time and geography
Nieman Wilna Vitebsk Smolensk Borodino Moscow Malojaroslavetz Krasnoi Berezina
AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune
b)AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune
From time to geography
Wilna Vitebsk
Moscow
AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune
c)AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune
From geography to time
Nieman Wilna Vitebsk Smolensk Moscow Malojaroslavetz Krasnoi BerezinaBorodino
date location name troops battle losses24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 4006528 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 150013 jul 1812 55 53 00 26 32 00 Dunaburg 3200016 jul 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 2400026 jul 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 2200031 jul 1812 55 44 59 28 37 03 Jukabowo 20000 x 4900
10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 250018 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 14000 x 400018 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 18000 x 400022 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000
17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studienka 4500 x 2500
3 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodetschno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800
12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600
information
Present
date location name troops battle losses24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 4006528 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 150013 jul 1812 55 53 00 26 32 00 Dunaburg 3200016 jul 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 2400026 jul 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 2200031 jul 1812 55 44 59 28 37 03 Jukabowo 20000 x 4900
10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 250018 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotzk 14000 x 400018 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotzk 18000 x 400022 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000
17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studianka 4500 x 2500
3 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodescno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800
12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600
R. Berezina
R. Dwina
R. Dnjepr
R. Niemen
R. Wilna
The II Corps
Jun 24
Jun 28
Jul 13
Jul 16
Jul 26
Aug 10
Aug 18Oct 18
Oct 22
Nov 17
Nov 24
Dec 3 Nov 23
Dec 8 Dec 5
Dec 12
Jul 31
Minsk
Kowno
Wilkomirz
Dunaburg Swolna Jukubowo
Polotzk
Lepel
TschereiaBorisov
Studianka
Molodetcno
SmorgoniWilna
0 50kmdate location name troops battle losses
24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 4006528 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 150013 jul 1812 55 53 00 26 32 00 Dunaburg 3200016 jul 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 2400026 jul 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 2200031 jul 1812 55 44 59 28 37 03 Jukabowo 20000 x 4900
10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 250018 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 14000 x 400018 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 18000 x 400022 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000
17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studienka 4500 x 25003 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodetschno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800
12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600
date location name troops battle losses24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 4006528 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 150013 jul 1812 55 53 00 26 32 00 Dunaburg 3200016 jul 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 2400026 jul 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 2200031 jul 1812 55 44 59 28 37 03 Jukabowo 20000 x 4900
10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 250018 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 14000 x 400018 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 18000 x 400022 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000
17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studienka 4500 x 25003 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodetschno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800
12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600
knowlegde
Explore
date location name troops battle losses24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 4006528 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 150013 jul 1812 55 53 00 26 32 00 Dunaburg 3200016 jul 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 2400026 jul 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 2200031 jul 1812 55 44 59 28 37 03 Jukabowo 20000 x 4900
10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 250018 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 14000 x 400018 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 18000 x 400022 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000
17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studienka 4500 x 25003 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodetschno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800
12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600
date location name troops battle losses24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 4006528 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 150013 jul 1812 55 53 00 26 32 00 Dunaburg 3200016 jul 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 2400026 jul 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 2200031 jul 1812 55 44 59 28 37 03 Jukabowo 20000 x 4900
10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 250018 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotzk 14000 x 400018 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotzk 18000 x 400022 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000
17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 800023 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 700024 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studianka 4500 x 25003 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodescno 42005 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 40008 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800
12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600
R. Berezina
R. Dwina
R. Dnjepr
R. Niemen
R. Wilna
The II Corps
Jun 24
Jun 28
Jul 13
Jul 16
Jul 26
Aug 10
Aug 18Oct 18
Oct 22
Nov 17
Nov 24
Dec 3 Nov 23
Dec 8 Dec 5
Dec 12
Jul 31
Minsk
Kowno
Wilkomirz
Dunaburg Swolna Jukubowo
Polotzk
Lepel
Tschereia
Borisov
Studianka
Molodetcno
SmorgoniWilna
July SeptAug Oct Nov
Kowno40.000
Wilkomirz
Dunaburg
SwolnaJukubowo
Polotzk
Lepel
Tscheria
Studianka
Wilna
Polotzk
30.000
20.000
10.000
-4900-2500
-4000
-4000
-2500
Number of troop II Corps
-1500
Present versus explore
modelling / geocomputation
visualizationmapping
environment representations
visualization strategies designguidelines
User
Problems
Questions
data User tasks Identify, select, compare, find, etc
Historian
When did the invasion turn bad?
Did Napoleon lose all battles?
Understand failure of campaign
Geovisual analytics enviroment
Berez
ina
Niemen
Dwina
Dnjepr
Pripet
Moskva
R u s s i a
P r u s s i a
P o l a n d
Russian victoryFrench victory
A u s t r i a
Major battles during Napoleon's Russian Campaign
AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune
Polotzk
I
II
Second battle of Polotzk
First battle of Polotzk
Franco-Bavarian victory (St. Cyr) over Russians (Wittgenstein)
ForcesInfantryCavalry
total
LossesDeath/wounded
PoWtotal
Franco-Bavarian23,0004,000
27,000
6,0002,0008,000
Russians27,0005,000
32,000
10,0002,000
12,000
Franco-Bavarian victory (St. Cyr) over Russians (Wittgenstein)
ForcesInfantryCavalry
total
Lossestotal
Franco-Bavarian30,0004,000
36,000
6,000
Russians18,5003,500
22,000
6,000
III1 2
Jakubovo
Borisov
Borisov
Berezina
Wizma
Ljachowo
Nowo-Swerschen
2. Krasnoi
Kaidanowo
Wolkowisk
Smoljantzi
Tschaschniki
Malojaroslavetz
2. Polotzk
Winkowo
Mosjaisk
Schewardino
Borodino
Dahlenkirchen
Walutino-Gora
Smolensk
1. Polotzk
1. Krasnoi
Gorodeczna
Swolna
EckauMohilev
Ostrowno
Kobrin
AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune
-10-20
0
-30
Borodino
2. Krasnoi Berezina
Soldiers and battles
AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune
250.000
200.000
150.000
100.000
50.000
0
troops involved
Russian victory
French victory
Jakubovo
Borisov
Borisov
Berezina
Wizma
Ljachowo
Nowo-Swerschen
2. Krasnoi
Kaidanowo
Wolkowisk
Smoljantzi
Tschaschniki
Malojaroslavetz
2. Polotzk
Winkowo
Mosjaisk
Schewardino
Borodino
Dahlenkirchen
Walutino-Gora
Smolensk
1. Polotzk
1. Krasnoi
Gorodeczna
Swolna
EckauMohilev
Ostrowno
Kobrin
I II
number oftroops
number oftroops
temporal order of battles attribute order of battles
Soldiers and battles
Battles and space
Berezina
Niemen
Dwina
Dnjepr
Pripet
Moskva
R u s s i a
A u s t r i a
P r u s s i a
P o l a n d
B A L T I CS E A
200 km
Major battles during Napoleon's Russian Campaign
EckauDahlenkirchen
Wolkowisk
Gorodeczna
Kobrin
Nowo-Swerschen
Kaidanowo
Berezina
Borisov
SwolnaJakubovo
Polotzk
Ostrowno Tschaschniki
Smoljantzi
Moghilev
SmolenskWalutino-
Gora
Ljachowo
WizmaWinkowo
Malojaroslavetz
Riga
Kowno
Moscow
Krasnoi
RussianFrenchlosses
total
125.000100.000
50.00035.000
1.0005.000
Mojaisk
Borodino
Schewardino
MJ 5-25
AugustJuly September October November DecemberJune
Jakubovo
Borisov
Borisov
Berezina
WizmaLjachowo
Nowo-Swerschen
Krasnoi
Kaidanowo
Wolkowisk
Smoljantzi
Tschaschniki
Malojaroslavetz
Polotzk
Winkowo
Mojaisk
Schewardino
Borodino
Dahlenkirchen
Walutino-Gora
Smolensk
Polotzk
Krasnoi
Gorodeczna
Swolna
EckauMoghilev
Ostrowno
Kobrin
a)
Exploring the Berezina crossing
III & V CorpsPolish Lancers
first rivercrossing II Corps Imperial
Guard old NapoleonImperial Guardyoung
I & IV Corps IX Corps
November 26 November 27 November 2800:0000:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:0006:00 12:00 18:00 00:0006:00 12:00 18:00
Infantry BridgeArtillery Bridge
8350 4300 5945 2225 2475 13250
Time
Numberof troops
a)
November 27 - 13:00
b)
A. II Corps
B. III & V Corps
C. Imperial Guard (old)
D. Imperial Guard (young)
E. I & IV Corps
F. IX Corps
A B C D E F
1000018800 13200 110002200
5945
2400
930054003400
3100
48802200
54005500
8350
3000
7800
49001500 2200
70003000
2200
Chambray Wilson Fain Gourgaud
Size of the French armyestimates by:
Time
LocationObject
Attributeappear / disappear
disappearappear
PERCEPTUAL PROPERTIES
VISUALVARIABLES
DIFFERENTIATIONbetween appearance and disappearance
NATURE OF CHANGE locations of army camps
Aug 10- Aug 20
color shape
orientationqualitative sample
map
TYPE OF CHANGE
nominal
in- / decrease
Time
LocationObject
Attribute
decreaseincrease
Relative change in the number of troops
Aug 10- Aug 20
Towns that changed sidesAug 10- Aug 20
PERCEPTUAL PROPERTIES
VISUALVARIABLES
DIFFERENTIATIONbetween categories
NATURE OF CHANGE
qualitativecolor
shapeorientation
sample map
PERCEPTUAL PROPERTIES
VISUALVARIABLES
DIFFERENTIATIONbetween increase and
descrease
NATURE OF CHANGE
color shape
orientationqualitative sample map
to French no changeto Russian
Time
LocationObject
Attribute
shrink / expand
move
French
Napoleon's realmAug 10- Aug 20
Movement of French TroopsAug 10- Aug 20
PERCEPTUAL PROPERTIES
VISUALVARIABLES
DIFFERENTIATIONbetween contraction
and expansion
NATURE OF CHANGE
color shape
orientationqualitative sample
map
PERCEPTUAL PROPERTIES
VISUALVARIABLES
POSITIONALORDER
NATURE OF CHANGE
….color ….
geo sample map
lost gained no change
FrenchRussian
Minard’s temporal data analysis
top related