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Chapter 10 Part C

The Muscular

System

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Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder

Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)

• Nine muscles cross shoulder joint

• Insert on and move humerus

• Some originate from scapula, others from axial

skeleton

• Actions include flexion, extension, adduction

• Three prime movers of arm

– Pectoralis major

– Latissimus dorsi

– Deltoid

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Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder

Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)

(cont.)

• Rotator cuff muscles act as synergists and

fixators; originate on scapula; reinforce shoulder

capsule; prevent dislocation

– Supraspinatus

– Infraspinatus

– Teres minor

– Subscapularis

• Coracobrachialis and teres major: synergists

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Table 10.9-1 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)

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A&P Flix™: Pectoralis major

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Table 10.9-1 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)

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A&P Flix™: Deltoid

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Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.

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Clavicle

Deltoid

Sternum

Lateral head

Long head

Medial head

Biceps brachii

Brachio-radialis

Pectoralismajor

Coracobrachialis

Triceps brachii:

Brachialis

Anterior view

Table 10.9-2 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

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A&P Flix™: Latissimus dorsi

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Table 10.9-2 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

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Table 10.9-3 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

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A&P Flix™: Subscapularis

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A&P Flix™: Supraspinatus

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A&P Flix™: Infraspinatus

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Table 10.9-3 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

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A&P Flix™: Teres minor

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A&P Flix™: Teres major

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Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.

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Spine of scapula

Deltoid (cut)

Infraspinatus*

Teres minor*

Teres major

Triceps brachii:

Latissimus dorsi

Humerus

Lateral head

Long head

Anconeus

Posterior view

Greater tubercle

of humerus

Olecranon

of ulna

Supraspinatus*

*Rotator cuff muscles

Figure 10.15c-d Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.*Rotator cuff muscles

Long head

Subscapularis*

Coracobrachialis

Brachialis

Short headBicepsbrachii

O = originI = insertion

I

O O

I

O

O

I

A&P Flix™: Muscles That Act on the Shoulder

Joint and Humerus: An Overview (a)

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A&P Flix™: Muscles That Act on the Shoulder

Joint and Humerus: An Overview (b)

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A&P Flix™: Muscles That Cross the

Glenohumeral Joint

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A&P Flix™: Movement from the Rotator Cuff

Muscles (a)

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A&P Flix™: Movement from the Rotator Cuff

Muscles (b)

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A&P Flix™: Scapular Muscles of the

Glenohumeral Joint (a)

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A&P Flix™: Axial Muscles of the

Glenohumeral Joint (a)

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A&P Flix™: Movement at the Glenohumeral

Joint: An Overview

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A&P Flix™: Movement at the Glenohumeral

Joint (a)

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A&P Flix™: Movement at the Glenohumeral

Joint (b)

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Table 10.10: Muscles Crossing the Elbow

Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm

• Walls of fascia divide arm into two

compartments

– Anterior muscles

– Posterior muscles

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Table 10.10-1 Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm

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Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Spine of scapula

Deltoid (cut)

Infraspinatus*

Teres minor*

Teres major

Triceps brachii:

Latissimus dorsi

Humerus

Lateral head

Long head

Anconeus

Posterior view

Greater tubercle

of humerus

Olecranon

of ulna

Supraspinatus*

*Rotator cuff muscles

A&P Flix™: Triceps brachii

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Table 10.10-2 Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm (continued)

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Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively.

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Clavicle

Deltoid

Sternum

Lateral head

Long head

Medial head

Biceps brachii

Brachio-radialis

Pectoralismajor

Coracobrachialis

Triceps brachii:

Brachialis

Anterior view

A&P Flix™: Biceps brachii

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A&P Flix™: Brachialis

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A&P Flix™: Brachioradialis

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A&P Flix™: The Elbow Joint and Forearm:

An Overview

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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Elbow Joint (a)

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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Elbow Joint (b)

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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Elbow Joint (c)

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Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:

Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

• Divided into anterior and posterior muscles

– Most anterior muscles are flexors; insert via

flexor retinaculum

– Most posterior muscles are extensors; insert via

extensor retinaculum

• Further divided into superficial and deep

muscles

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Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:

Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

(cont.)

• Actions: movements of wrist, fingers, thumb, as

well as pronation and supination of forearm

– Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

pronate forearm

– Supinator: synergist with biceps brachii in

forearm supination

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Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:

Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

(cont.)

• Anterior muscles

– Consist of five superficial and three deep

muscles

– Most arise from common flexor tendon attached

to medial epicondyle of humerus

– Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist

by flexor retinaculum

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Table 10.11-1 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

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A&P Flix™: Pronator teres

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A&P Flix™: Flexor carpi radialis

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Table 10.11-1 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

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A&P Flix™: Flexor carpi ulnaris

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A&P Flix™: Flexor digitorum superficialis

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Table 10.11-2 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)

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Figure 10.16a Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.

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Flexor digitorumsuperficialis

Superficialtransverseligament of palm

Palmaraponeurosis

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Flexor carpiulnaris

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpiradialis

Medial head oftriceps brachii

Flexorretinaculum

Pronatorquadratus

Flexorpollicislongus

Extensor carpiradialis longus

Brachio-radialis

Pronatorteres

Tendon ofbiceps brachii

Biceps brachii

Figure 10.16b Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.

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Tendon of flexordigitorumsuperficialis

Pronatorquadratus

Flexorpollicislongus

Tendon of brachioradialis(cut)

Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut)

Tendon of flexor carpi radialis (cut)

Flexordigitorumsuperficialis

Extensor carpiradialis longus

Supinator

Tendon ofbiceps brachii(cut)

Figure 10.16c Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers.

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Tendon offlexor digitorumprofundus

Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut)

Supinator

Flexor digitorumprofundus

Flexor pollicislongus

Pronator quadratus

Thenar musclesof thumb

Tendon of flexorpollicis longus

Lumbricals

Tendon of flexordigitorum superficialis(cut)

A&P Flix™: Anterior Muscles of the Wrist and

Fingers (a)

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A&P Flix™: Anterior Muscles of the Wrist and

Fingers (b)

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Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm:

Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

(cont.)

• Posterior muscles

– Consists of four superficial and four deep

muscles

– All are innervated by the radial nerve or its

branches

– Most arise from common flexor tendon attached

to lateral epicondyle of humerus

– Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist

by extensor retinaculum

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Table 10.11-3 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)

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A&P Flix™: Posterior Muscles of the Wrist

and Fingers (a)

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A&P Flix™: Posterior Muscles of the Wrist

and Fingers (b)

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A&P Flix™: Extensor carpi radialis longus

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A&P Flix™: Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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A&P Flix™: Extensor digitorum

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A&P Flix™: Extensor carpi ulnaris

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Table 10.11-4 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)

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Figure 10.17a Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers.

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Extensor expansion

Extensor digitorumFlexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor indicis

Brachioradialis

Anconeus

Tendons of extensorcarpi radialis brevisand longus

Extensor carpiulnaris

Insertion oftriceps brachii

Abductorpollicis longus

Extensor carpiradialis brevis

Extensor carpiradialis longus

Extensor pollicisbrevis

Extensor pollicislongus

Tendons ofextensordigitorum

Figure 10.17b Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers.

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Olecranon of ulna

Anconeus

Supinator

Extensor indicis

Interossei

Extensor pollicisbrevis

Extensor pollicislongus

Abductor pollicislongus

A&P Flix™: Supinator

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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Forearm (a)

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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Forearm (b)

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A&P Flix™: Muscles of the Forearm (c)

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Table 10.12-1 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand

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Table 10.12-2 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)

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Table 10.12-3 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)

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Figure 10.18a Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm.

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Muscles of the arm

Humerus

Brachialis

Biceps brachiiShort headLong head

Posterior compartment of arm(extends elbow); innervated byradial nerve

Tricepsbrachii

LateralheadLongheadMedialhead

ExtensorsFlexorsOthers

Key:

Anterior compartment of arm(flexes elbow); innervated bymusculocutaneous nerve

Figure 10.18b Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm.

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OthersFlexors

Extensors

Ulna

Muscles of the forearm

Posterior compartment of forearm(extends wrist and fingers); innervatedby radial nerve

Radius

Abductor pollicislongus

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis(elbow flexor)

Anterior compartment of forearm(flexes wrist and fingers);innervated by median or ulnar nerve

ExtensorsFlexorsOthers

Key:

A&P Flix™: Muscles That Act on the Wrist

and Fingers: An Overview

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A&P Flix™: Carpal Tunnel

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Animation: Rotating Hand

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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:

Fine Movements of the Fingers

• Small, weak muscles that lie entirely within palm

of hand control precise movements of

metacarpals and fingers (example: threading a

needle)

• Abductors and adductors of fingers produce

opposition—move thumb toward little finger

• Flexion: thumb bends medially along palm, and

fingers bend anteriorly

• Extension: thumb points laterally, and fingers

move posteriorly

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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:

Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)

• Flexion and extension

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A&P Flix™: Movements of the Wrist and

Fingers (a)

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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:

Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)

• Abduction and adduction

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A&P Flix™: Movements of the Wrist and

Fingers (b)

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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:

Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)

• Three muscle groups

– Thenar eminence (ball of thumb)

– Hypothenar eminence (ball of the little finger)

• Each of above groups has flexor, abductor, and

opponens muscle

– Midpalmar muscles: lumbricals and interossei

extend fingers

– Interossei muscles also abduct and adduct

fingers

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Table 10.13-1 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers

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Table 10.13-2 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)

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Table 10.13-3 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)

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Figure 10.19a Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.

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Tendons of:

Pisiform bone

Flexor pollicis longus

Adductor pollicis

Dorsal interossei

First lumbrical

Second lumbrical

Fibrous sheath

Tendons of:

Abductor pollicisbrevis

Opponenspollicis

Flexor carpiulnaris tendon

Flexor digitorumprofundus

Flexor digitorumsuperficialis

Thirdlumbrical

Fourthlumbrical

Opponensdigiti minimi

Flexor digitiminimi brevis

Abductordigiti minimi

Flexor digitorumsuperficialistendons

Abductor pollicislongus

Flexor carpi radialisPalmaris longus

Flexorretinaculum

Flexor pollicis

brevis

First superficial layer

Figure 10.19b Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.

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Second layer

Palmarinterossei

Opponensdigiti minimi

Flexor digitiminimi brevis(cut)

Abductordigiti minimi(cut)

Abductorpollicisbrevis

Flexor pollicislongus tendon

Opponenspollicis

Flexorpollicisbrevis

Adductorpollicis

Dorsalinterossei

Flexordigitorumsuperficialistendon

Flexor digitorumprofundus tendon

Figure 10.19c Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.

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Palmarinterossei

Palmar interossei (isolated)

Figure 10.19d Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.

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Dorsalinterossei

Dorsal interossei (isolated)