the “new” imperialism – 1869 - 1914. motives for imperialism political motives –status and...
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The “New” Imperialism – 1869 - 1914
MOTIVES for Imperialism
• Political Motives– Status and
Competition between nation-states
• E.g. France after humiliating loss of Franco-Prussian War
• British Protection of India, the “crown jewel” of the British Empire
Motives for Imperialism
• Cultural Motives– Missionaries – spread
Christianity through missionary work
– Result: Loss of native cultures
– Sometimes good?• Child Brides• Suttee• Arranged Marriage• Human Sacrifice
Motives for Imperialism
• Cultural Motives– Exportation of
“Civilization”• Abolition of
slavery• Western
Education• Hygiene and
medicines
Motives for Imperialism
• Cultural Motives– Technology and “Progress”
• Humans as Masters over Nature
• Technology as proof of superiority of West
• “Savages” vs. “Civilized”: Eurocentricity
• Easy military victories, use of newspapers to soften public opinion, e.g. Omdurman (1898)
Motives for Imperialism
• Economic Motives– Industrialization: Demand for raw materials
• Merchants wanted reliable sources• Military used as backup
High Demand for Crops
New Imperialism – Motives and Methods
• Seizure of Africa and Central Asia
– 10 Million square miles, 150 million people
Reorganization of Colonies in Asia and Africa
King Leopold of Belgium demands the Congo
“The Scramble For Africa”
Domination of Latin America
• US’s Monroe Doctrine
• Intervention in Latin America lead to economic imperialism
• US in Philippines
Economic Dependencies
• Latin America: supplier of foodstuffs and raw materials and consumers of manufactured products
• Similar to old colonial relationships, but technically politically independent
• Western corporations controlled economies, western armies defended their interests
The Imperialist’s Toolkit
• Naval and Steam power
• Suez Canal
• Telegraph cables
• Breech-Loading rifles– Smokeless powder = better visibility– Repeating rifles – 15 rounds in 15 seconds
Gatling Guns
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