the nis practices in germany presented by dr. moneim issa on the consultative meeting
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NIS Practices in GermanyN
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
The NIS Practices in Germany
Presented by
Dr. Moneim Issa
on the Consultative Meeting
on National Innovation Systems (NIS) of India
19-20 September 2006, New Delhi
Eschersheimer Landstr.89D-60322 FrankfurtTel.: +49 (0) 171 931 3456Fax: +49 (0) 69 955 30 337E-Mail: aissa@t-online.de
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
The Technology and innovation Centres in Germany (2006)
167 Technology and Innovation Centres
ca. 7.500 Enterprises in the Centres
ca. 56.000 Employees
ca. 16.000 successful Start Ups-Firms
ca. 150.000 generated employments
The survival quote in the centres ranged to about 90%
Over 8.000 Enterprises from the Centres have successfully been established. These Firms have generated ca. 90.000 working places..
Source: ADT
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0
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1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION CENTRES IN GERMANY1983-2000
Source: ADT
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
OBJECTIVES OF INNOVATION CENTRES Technical support to technology oriented start-ups
Provision of infrastructure to be used by the companies
Promotion of co-operation between science and economy
Promotion of regional development potentials fortechnology oriented enterprises and start-ups
Initiation of technology park projects and technological co-operation
Support of regional economic development
Provision of information on innovative technology
Improvement of regional innovation framework Source: ZEW
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Science+ Research
45%
Industry 27%
Rural Areas28%
ALLOCATION OF INNOVATION CENTRES ACCORDING TO SITE PREFERENCE
Source: ADT
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
TECHNOLOGICAL FOCAL POINTS IN THE INNOVATION CENTRES
General Services 27 %Technological Services 24 %Software 23 %Information and Communication Technology 22 %Multimedia 16 %Environmental Technology 16 %Consultancy 16 %Electronic and Electrical Engineering 11 %Instrumentation and Measurement Technology 10 %Computer Technology 9 %Automation 8 %Machinery 6 %
Source: ADT
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY BY INNOVATION CENTRES
Source: ADT
Start-Up ConsultancyLegal IssuesElaboration of Business PlansTechnnology AdvicePatentFinanceBusiness promotion ProgrammsMarketing AssistanceInsuranceTraining
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
LOGISTIC SUPPORT BY INNOVATION CENTRES
Source: ADT
Office ServicesReceptionTelephone servicesPhotocopingConference RoomsInternetData BankBook KeepingOrganization of ExhibitionsCompany CooperationTechnology TransferLaboratory Utilizaion
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
SUCCESSFUL COMPANIES MOVED OUT OF INNOVATION CENTRES AFTER ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTRES
0
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100
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200
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350
400
450
Total no. ofcompanies
Source: ADT
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
The Structure of the German Innovation System
Source: Prognos AG., Germany 2004
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN GERMANY
Natural Sciences, Technological and Engineering Institutions
81 Universities
90 Technical Universities
81 Max-Planck-Institutes
47 Frauenhofer-Institutes
16 Helmholz-Centres
51 „Blaue-Liste“ Institutes
24 Federal Research Institutions
47 Local Research Institutions in the federal states
Source: Athene-Project
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POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ORIENTED START-UPS
Institution Number ofScientists
(ca.)
Potentialin % (ca.)
Potential
Max-Planck-Institutes
4.700 12 % 600
Helmholz-Centres
8.000 30 % 2.400
Fraunhofer-Institutes
2.600 33 % 900
Blaue-Liste-Institutes
3.000 14 % 400
ResearchInstitutions
2.200 67 % 1.500
TOTAL 20.500 5.800
Source: Athene-Project
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Current Priorities of the National Innovation System
Promotion of Education, Science and Technology and R&D
- Innovation and Economic Growth
- Facing International Competition through Globalization
- Regain a Leading Role in Future Technology
- Innovation Initiative and Structural Reforms
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Share of World Regions to the Development of R&D-Capacities 1995-2003
GDP Expenditure on R&D at Current Prices R&D Expenditure of Private Sector at Current Prices
Source: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators 2004; IMD World Competitiveness Year Book, NIW. Quoted in: BMBF: Zur technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands 2005, Bonn, Berlin 2005
STC (Selected Emerging Countries): CHN, KOR, IND, RUS, SIN, TWN, ISR
Share of OECD+STC 1995 - 2002
Share of OECD+STC 1995
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Innovation Activities of the German Industry
Research and Development
Human Resources in Business R&D
Patent Output
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Source: Eurostart – CIS-III (New Cronos. September 2004). Götzfried et al. (2004). Arvantis et al (2004). Frenz (2003), unpublished data of CIS-III team.- ZEW calculations; Quoted in: BMB
Innovation Quota 1) Production sector without construction Service sector*
1) Innovation Quota: Share of enterprises which released a new or significantly improved product in the market or implemented a new or signifcantly new procedure within the company, in % of all enterprises
*) whole sale, logistics, IT, Software, insurance and loan sector, R&D services, technical services
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
GDP Share of R&D intensive industries and knowledge-intensive services in selected countries 2002 (in %)
R&D intensive industries
Knowledge-intensive services without real estate
*) EU-15 without IRL and LUX
Source: OECD, STAN-Database 2002. – Calculations and Estimations by DIW Berlin. Quoted in: BMB
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Innovation Performance and R&D in industry and knowledge-intensive Services 1993-2003 (in % of all Enterprises)
Source: ZEW, Mannheim . Quoted in: BMB.
Industry and Mining Knowledge-intensive services
Companies with irregular R&D
Companies with continuous R&D
Innovative companies without R&D
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Source: OECD, STAN-Database 2002. – Calculations and Estimations by DIW Berlin. Quoted in: DIW, NIW: Marktergebnisse bei forschungs-Intensiven Waren und wissensintensiven Dienstleistungen: Außenhandel, Produktion und Beschäftigung, Berlin, Hannover 2003
Share of Employment in R&D intensive industries and knowledge-intensive services (in %)
Real estate Knowledge-intensive services without real estate
R&D intensive industries
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NIS Practices in GermanyN
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Development of Employment in R&D-intensive Industries in Germany 1991-2002 Professional Fields in companies 1995=100
Source: Federal Office for Statistics, ZEW . Quoted in: DIW, NIW.
FE= R&D-intensive Industries ST= Sofisticated TechnologyHAT= Advanced TechnologyNFE= Not R&D-intensive industries
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NIS Practices in GermanyN
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Patents quota 2002 and its change between 1991 to 2002 in selected countries
Source: EPATENT.- WOPATENT.-OECD. Main Science and Technology Indicators. – Fraunhofer ISI Calculations. Quoted in: BMB.
*) Patents relevant to the world market per 1 Mio. labour force
Patent dispersion*) Annual average Change 1991 - 2002
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Critical Assessment of NIS
Innovation Contribution of German SMEs is low
Several Regulatory Burdens on Private Sector
Lack of Venture Capital Market and Start-ups
Insufficient Supply of Highly Qualified Personnel
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Graduates in engineering and natural sciences 1) Per 100.00 Labour Force, age 25 to 34
*) 2000 instead of 2002
Source: OECD, Online Labour Database – OECD Education Online Database – ZEW/HIS Calculations. Quoted in: BMB
1) Course of studies: bioscience, lifescience, physics, math/statistics, IT, engineering, construction
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NIS Practices in GermanyN
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Challenges face the NIS in Germany
Demographic Factors
The Situation of the Educational System,
particularly the Tertiary
The Situation of High Qualified labour
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ITAAUTPOR
GERLUX
GRENEDSUI
DENNZL
GBRAUSFRA
ESPIRL
BELNORSWE
FINUSA
KORJ PN
OECD
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tertiary Education in the OECD-Countries in 2002 – Graduates between 25-34 years (in %)
Source: OECD, FIBS, NIW. Quoted in: BMB.
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POR
ITA
KOR
ESP
GRE
AUT
IRL
FRA
LUX
BEL
J PN
NED
GBR
SUI
GER
NOR
DEN
AUS
SWE
NZL
USA
FIN
OECD
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Tertiary Education in the OECD-Countries in 2002 – Graduates between 55-64 years (in %)
Source: OECD, FIBS, NIW. Quoted in: BMB
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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India
Sources of Innovation Processes in Germany (Fraunhofer Gesellschaft)
Source:Fraunhofer Fraunhofer Gesellschaft: Deutschland innovative 2004
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