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THE POLICY OF PREPARING SKILLED WORKERS IN MONGOLIA WITH LABOR MARKET RESEARCH AND DEMAND
MONGOLIA. ITGELMAA TOIVGOO
1
Mongolia in Brief:
Capital: Ulaanbaatar
Official Language: Mongolian
Government: Parliament +President
Land : 1,564,115.75 km2 (19th)
Population: 3 126 965
Population Density: 1.75/km2 (236th)
Geography: mountains, forest, steppe, desert
Administration: Ulaanbaatar and 21 provinces
Religion: Buddhists 90% other
Education: General Education (free).
Literacy--more than 90%.
Currency: Tugrug (MNT)
Time zone: (UTC+7 to +8)
1. Current Status of Mongolian national labour market survey
2. Activities implemented under the vocational education policy action
Labour market statistics
Barometer survey
Employment Survey of Graduates
Medium and long-term demand and supply forecasts
Current studies in the labour market
Labour market statistics:
Ministry of Labour and
Social Protection
Other / ILO, ADB, WB ... /
National Statistical
Office
The number of economically active and inactive population
The level of labor force participation
Unemployment rate
Total number of employees...
Registered unemployed citizens
Number of job orders
Number of intermediaries
Results of RILSP survey
Administrative data / industrial accidents and labor disputes ... /
The results of international research and analysis
Other labour market indicators
Define labour demand for the next one year
Short-term labour market or labour force needs for one year tocome and determine labour force over the past one year by sector,occupation and location of economic activity and provideinformation.
Objective
Barometer survey:
• An annual survey conducted since 2010
• Sampling• Эх олонлог: Entities registered in business registration database
Sample features: More than 150 employees are employed by a wide rangeof organizations, and other organizations are based on the number ofemployees of the organization and their economic activity.
Introduction
Barometer survey:
WORK FORCE DEMAND /2017/Results of the 2016 survey
Total needs 70.6 thousand
70655
12577
36909
8337
12833
First half year
Last half year
First half year
Last half year
70655
43002
27654
Нийт Шинэ ажлын байр Сул ажлын байр
Barometer survey:
WORK FORCE DEMAND
(By classification of economic activity sector)
Barometer survey:
12865
3098
14769
10908
14257
36004927
3343
9808 10008
5491 5720
ХӨДӨӨ АЖ АХУЙ, ОЙН АЖ АХУЙ, ЗАГАС БАРИЛТ,
АН АГНУУР
УУЛ УУРХАЙ, ОЛБОРЛОЛТ
БАРИЛГА БОЛОВСРУУЛАХ ҮЙЛДВЭРЛЭЛ
БӨӨНИЙ БОЛОН ЖИЖИГЛЭН ХУДАЛДАА; МАШИН, МОТОЦИКЛИЙН
ЗАСВАР ҮЙЛЧИЛГЭЭ
БАЙР, СУУЦ БОЛОН ХООЛ ХҮНСЭЭР ҮЙЛЧЛЭХ
ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Agriculture, forestry,
fishing, huntingMining Construction Processing factory Wholesale and retail
trade, car and
motorcycle maintenance
Building and operation
of housing and food
0.4
0.8
0.9
1.2
1.5
2.0
2.1
2.2
3.2
3.3
4.9
4.9
5.5
5.5
5.7
6.6
9.8
10.0
УСАН ХАНГАМЖ; БОХИР УС, ХОГ, ХАЯГДЛЫН МЕНЕЖМЕНТ БОЛОН ЦЭВЭРЛЭХ ҮЙЛ …
ҮЙЛЧИЛГЭЭНИЙ БУСАД ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА
САНХҮҮГИЙН БОЛОН ДААТГАЛЫН ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА
ЦАХИЛГААН, ХИЙ, УУР, АГААРЖУУЛАЛТЫН ХАНГАМЖ
УРЛАГ, ҮЗВЭР, ТОГЛООМ НААДАМ
МЭРГЭЖЛИЙН, ШИНЖЛЭХ УХААН БОЛОН ТЕХНИКИЙН ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА
ҮЛ ХӨДЛӨХ ХӨРӨНГИЙН ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА
МЭДЭЭЛЭЛ, ХОЛБОО
ТЭЭВЭР БА АГУУЛАХЫН ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА
УУЛ УУРХАЙ, ОЛБОРЛОЛТ
ЗАХИРГААНЫ БОЛОН ДЭМЖЛЭГ ҮЗҮҮЛЭХ ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА
ХӨДӨӨ АЖ АХУЙ, ОЙН АЖ АХУЙ, ЗАГАС БАРИЛТ, АН АГНУУР
БӨӨНИЙ БОЛОН ЖИЖИГЛЭН ХУДАЛДАА; МАШИН, МОТОЦИКЛИЙН ЗАСВАР …
БОЛОВСРОЛ
БАЙР, СУУЦ БОЛОН ХООЛ ХҮНСЭЭР ҮЙЛЧЛЭХ ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА
ХҮНИЙ ЭРҮҮЛ МЭНД БА НИЙГМИЙН ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА
БАРИЛГА
БОЛОВСРУУЛАХ ҮЙЛДВЭРЛЭЛ
Эхний 6 сар Сүүлийн 6 сар
Work force demand / by classification of economic activity sector, thousand/
Barometer survey
Work force demand /by classification of work and occupation/
2010 2012 2017
Occupation name Occupation name Occupation name
1 Plaster, plasterer 1 Supporting staff, construction 1 Driver
2 Fine carpentry and other relevant staff 2 Production and economic assistant 2 Service assistant
3 Waitress 3 Driver 3 A security guard
4 Construction and other electricians 4 A security guard 4 Assistant worker
5 Plumbers and pipe fitters 5 Engineering and construction 5 Nurse
6 Chef 6 Armature 6 Technologist
7 Fine-made toolkit and repairer 7 Mechanical and engineering 7 The vast occupation of construction
8 Welder 8 Builder 8 Chef
9 Motor vehicle mechanics and regulators 9 Sewing, knitting 9 Waitress
10 General practitioner 10 Chef 10 Doctor
Barometer survey
Work force demand /by classification of work and occupation/
2010 2012 2017
Occupation name Occupation name Occupation name
11Mining engineers, metallurgists and other related
professionals11 Plasterer, Plasterers 11 Distributor
12 Fine / specialized / professional physician 12 Manufacturer and engine 12 Servant
13 Bricklayers and related workers 13 Bricklayers and related workers 13 construction engineer
14 Food operator and other food product operator 14 Technician and engineering calculator 14 Editors
15 Teacher of Technical Education 15 Welder 15 Electrician
16 Builder 16 Fine pastry 16 Seller
17Concrete, concrete surface grinders and related
professionals17 Electrician 17 Accountant
18 Bus, trullet, and tram driver 18 Traders 18 Cashier
19 Heavy trucks, big car drivers 19 Driver and store 19 Teacher
20 Civil Engineer 20 Waitress 20 Firemen
Barometer survey
In 2017, the demand for vocational / school types /University TVET
№ Occupation name № Occupation name
1 Technologist 1 Driver
2 Doctor 2 A security guard
3 Construction engineer 3 Nurse
4 Accountant 4 The vast occupation of construction
5 Teacher 5 Chef
6 Pharmacist 6 Waitress
7 Finance and economist 7 Distributor
8 Electrical engineer 8 Servant
9 Marketing Manager 9 Editors
10 Translator 10 Electrician
11 Occupational Safety Engineer 11 Welder
12 Budgetary 12 Tailor
13 Network Engineer 13 Seller
14 Economist 14 Hairdresser
15 Foreign relations 15 Travel agent
16 Musicians 16 Plumber
17 Road engineer 17 Cashier
18 Pilot 18 Knock operator
19 Marksider 19 Mechanist
20 Lawyer 20 Operator
Barometer survey
Ажиллах хүчний дутагдал /ЭЗҮАС, хувиар/
0.1
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.4
2.1
3.6
4.1
5.6
7.1
7.3
8.3
8.7
8.8
8.8
11.3
19.2
Усан хангамж; бохир ус, хог, хаягдлын менежмент болон цэвэрлэх үйл …
Цахилгаан, хий, уур, агааржуулалтын хангамж
Тээвэр ба агуулахын үйл ажиллагаа
Уул уурхай, олборлолт
Үйлчилгээний бусад үйл ажиллагаа
Мэргэжлийн, шинжлэх ухаан болон техникийн үйл ажиллагаа
Санхүүгийн болон даатгалын үйл ажиллагаа
Мэдээлэл, холбоо
Урлаг, үзвэр, тоглоом наадам
Байр, сууц болон хоол хүнсээр үйлчлэх үйл ажиллагаа
Хөдөө аж ахуй, ойн аж ахуй, загас барилт, ан агнуур
Хүний эрүүл мэнд ба нийгмийн үйл ажиллагаа
Боловсрол
Үл хөдлөх хөрөнгийн үйл ажиллагаа
Захиргааны болон дэмжлэг үзүүлэх үйл ажиллагаа
Барилга
Боловсруулах үйлдвэрлэл
Бөөний болон жижиглэн худалдаа; машин, мотоциклийн засвар үйлчилгээ
Өнгөрсөн нэг жилийн хугацаанд 15.0 мянган ажиллах хүч
дутагдалтай байсан.
Барометрийн судалгаа:
Tracking Survey
GOAL
Aimed at providing information to policymakers, universities, colleges, andvocational training centers decision makers and researchers on employmentstatus, job mediate forms, periods, and qualifications compliance ofgraduates, therefore to find out the workplace challenges and the reasonsfor unemployment and inactive economy.
Graduates Employment Survey:
INTRODUCTION
• Study survey• Survey feature: Analyze one unit of the survey annually.
• Sampling:• Эх олонлог: University and Vocational training school graduates on 2011
• Sampling feature: Graduates are selected according to the type ofschooling and occupation
Graduates Employment Survey:
Employment of graduates /by year and percentage/
75.3
43.4
80.5
55.6
78.3
54.8
74.4
48.0
ИДС төгсөгчид МСҮТ төгсөгчид
2013
2014
2015
2016
University graduates Vocational training school graduates
Graduates Employment Survey:
Economical Activity of Graduates in 2017 /by %/
Graduates Employment Survey:
64.8
20.2
15.0
Хөдөлмөр эрхэлдэг
Ажилгүй
Эдийн засгийн идэвхигүй
Get Employed
Unemployed
Economically Inactive
Economic activity changes in 2015-2016
81.8
17.80.4 24.3
73.2
2.5 24.3
49.2
26.5
Ажилтай
Ажилгүй
Сурч байгаа
Was get employed
in 2015
Was unemployed
in 2015
Was studying in
2015
Get Employed
During the survey period,the annual change ineconomic activity isapproximately equal.
Graduates Employment Survey:
Unemployed
Studying
Graduates looking for job /by school type, хувиар/
Vocational training school graduates
5576
University graduates
5907 58.3%
41.7%
82.4%
17.6%
Ажил хайж буй ИДС төгсөгч МСҮТ төгсөгч
Ажилтай АжилгүйEmployed Unemployed
Graduates Employment Survey:
Looking for a jobUniversity graduates
Vocational training school graduates
The reason for the inactive economy of graduates (by percentage)
No interest to work, 10.1
Personal issues /child, look after
elderly person etc/, 21.0
Жирэмсэн, нялх хүүхэдтэй, 55.6
Still studying, 9.2
Plan to go to abroad 4.2
Graduates Employment Survey:
MIDLLE AND LONG TERM
Predictive methodology
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлтийн таамаглал Ажиллах хүчний таамаглал
Эхн
ий ш
ат
2-р
шат
3-р
шат
Эдийн засгийн өсөлт
Хөдөлмөр зарцуулалтын коэффициентийн
таамаглал /салбараар/
Хөдөлмөрийн эрэлтийн таамаглал
/салбараар/
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлтийн таамаглал /ажил
мэргэжлийн ангиллаар/
Салбар ажил
мэргэжлийн матрикс
/салбараар, ажил
мэргэжлийн үндсэн
бүлгээр/
Салбар ажил
мэргэжлийн матрикс
/салбараар, ажил
мэргэжлийн дэд бүлгээр/
Хүн амын таамаглал
Хөдөлмөрийн насны хүн амын таамаглал
Ажиллах хүчний оролцооны түвшний
таамаглал /хүйс, насны бүлгээр/
Эдийн засгийн идэвхитэй хүн амын
таамаглал /Ажиллах хүчний нийлүүлэлт/
Хөдөлмөрийн эрэлт-нийлүүлэлтийн
таамаглал
Хөдөлмөрийн эрэлт
Medium and long term hypothesis:
Employment Prediction Workforce Prediction
Economical Growth Population assumptions
Labor Expenditure Coefficient (by sector)
Labor Demand Forecast(by sector)
Employment Assumptions (by major)
The Working Age Hypothesis
Labor force participation assumptions (by age, sex)
Economical Active Population Hypothesis / labor supply /
Labor Demand
Employment demand and supply assumption
Sector occupational matrix /by sector, by
occupational subgroup/
Sector occupational matrix /by sector, by occupational main
group/
Firs
t St
age
Seco
nd
St
age
Thir
d S
tage
Prediction result
Workforce hypothesis / supply /
Population hypnosis over age 15 / sex, age group /
АХОТ-ий таамаглал /хүйс, насны бүлэг/
Economically active population hypothesis / gender, age group /
Employment Assumptions /Demand/
GDP assumptions /ЭЗҮАС/
Labor Expectation Coefficient Assumptions/ЭЗҮАС/
Total Workers' Assumptions /ЭЗҮАС/
ЭЗҮАС-т professional estimation of employee coefficients
Салбар-Ажил мэргэжлийн матриц /ЭЗҮАС, Ажил мэргэжлийн үндсэн 10,
дэд 43 бүлэг/
Medium and long term hypothesis:
Changes in economically active population
Changes in employment
Medium and long term hypothesis:
75124
180822
45389
30432
197792
268600
127818
102526
86474
4937
102344
245605
58864
43236
239321
196782
160978
137410
113087
6307
М1
М2
М3
М4
М5
М6
М7
М8
М9
М10
2024 2015
Long-term labor demand forecast / by occupational classification /
Medium and long term hypothesis:
Unemployment level hypothesis
The unemployment rate is calculated from the expected labor supply and labor demand.
Unemployment rate hypothesis (2016-2024)
Long-term labor demand forecast / by occupational classification /
Year Employees ЭЗИХА Unemployment rate
2016 1155713 1254722 7.9%
2017 1155019 1276554 9.5%
2018 1154788 1284086 10.1%
2019 1165297 1296670 10.1%
2020 1182776 1308080 9.6%
2021 1201819 1318807 8.9%
2022 1219245 1334237 8.6%
2023 1232048 1338907 8.0%
2024 1241534 1345735 7.7%
Although we have been conducting these surveys, we have not made research for skills demands needed in the labor market.
However, we have been working on the skills needs survey in the three selected sectors.
- Agricultural sector
- Transport sector
- Construction sector
• Implementation activities of the policy of the TVET sector.
TVET SYSTEM UPGRADE
32
National Council for VETMinistry of Labour and
Social Protection
UB RMCWestern
RMC
Eastern
RMCTuv RMC
Khangai
RMC
Gobi
RMC
91 TVET institutions
Implementing Agency of Labour Social Protection /VET Policy
Coordination Department/
Assessment
Center
FUNCTIONS OF NCVET
33
Discuss and issue judgement on nationalTVET development policy and program;
Discuss information and report, and issue aregulation and recommendation, andprovide with direction on theimplementation of the laws and legislationsrelated to vocational education and trainingand development of national qualificationframework;
Issue judgement by discussing the nationalclassification and definition of occupationsand content of vocational education andtraining to be followed throughout thecountry;
Monitor the expenditure of TVETdevelopment fund;
Research and develop proposal onMongolia joining TVET related internationalconvention and agreement;
FUNCTIONS OF MOLSP
Support the development, approval,
organization and implementation of the
legislation, policy, strategy and program on
vocational education and training;
Provide with management and professional
methodology on TVET sector policy;
Develop proposal on revising vocational
education standards, concept and curricula,
implement NQF development policy and
provide with professional methodology;
FUNCTIONS OF IALSP:
Organize the activity to provide TVET policy
implementation with management and professional
methodology;
Implement the policy to establish NQF;
Develop public and private partnership, ensure
cross-sector coordination and collaborate to
increase employment level of graduates;
Implement the policy on capacity development of
TVET sector human resources;
Organize the activity to support life long learning
and employment and estimate the outcomes.
Assess, verify, validate the professional skills of
graduates that satisfy the requirements of
vocational and technical education program and
define and grant the qualifications level and
conduct independent assessment;
By the request of Mongolian or foreign citizens to
assess, verify professional skills, define and grant
qualifications level;
Establish assessment and test database,
including electronic copies;
Ensure the implementation related to assessment
and certification;
RMC is responsible to ensure implementation of VETconcept, establish competency database, skillsimprovement, training and development of teachersand conduct reserach.
FUNCTIONS OF VET AC
35
1
3
2TVET POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND
ACTIVITIES
• Implementation of employment legislation
• Employment and labour market policy coordination
• Employment service and employment support projects and programmes
• Employment registration and information
1
• Development of TVET institution and NCVET,operations of the fund
• NQF, concept and standard
• Quality assurance and labour market
• Human and institutional development, socialpartnership
2
• Legislation and agreement on workforce migration
• Regulation on employment of foreign workers
• Regulation on labour export within the framework ofemployment contract and practical training
3
Employment Policy Implementation and Coordination
36
Index2014-
2015
2015-
2016
2016-
2017
1. Total TVET institution: 76 81 91
1а. From this: State owned 52 49 50
Private 24 32 41
2. Total student 42797 42675 40134
From this: female 18252 17286 15900
2b. Students of state owned TVET institution 32896 31572 29145
2c. Students of private TVET institution 9901 11103 10989
3. New entrants 20804 20961 18024
From this: female 8445 8214 6877
4. Total worker 4409 4520 4703
5. Permanent teacher 2327 2504 2500
TVET Data /As of January 2017/
Legislative renewal
2002 first endorsed
2009.02.13 revised
2012.08.17 amendment
2012.12.21 amendment
2015.01.29 amendment
Assessment center established.
TVET institutions were given opportunity to conduct income generating activities, expend
the funds and report.
Opportunity to study in institutes and universities based on transfer of credit hours and
content of technical education program.
The Government to endorse NCVET composition, structure and bylaws.
Enterprises with more than 50 staff members must have a trainer responsible to organize
and manage the practical training of students.
2016.02.04 amendment
Some of provisions added in 2016:
NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK
Establish a system that employs and provides with career growth and wage depending on education
and qualifications level of a citizen.Li
fe lo
ng
em
plo
yme
nt
Life long learning
Vocational training,
general education
Vocational
Education
Technical
Education
Higher
Education
International
standards
Career Coulcilling
Occupation
Engineer,
Technician level
base
Engineer,
Bachelor,
Master
Knowledge and
research
development
As
sis
ta
nt
Ex
ec
uti
ve
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND
SOCIAL PROTECTION
• Diversification of TVET institutions based on Mongolia'sRegional Development Strategy
ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WITHIN THE POLICY AND
OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
•TVET image and public awareness raising by expanding
collaboration with employers
•Continue the accreditation of TVET institutions by National
Council For Education Accreditation
• Determine the first cost of each type of training/trade and create flexiblefinancing mechanism.
ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WITHIN THE POLICY AND OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
• Prepare professional workers that meet the requirments of
employers. Organizing practical training at industry environment to
verify the theoretical knowledge that was obtained at TVET institution
by.
• In collaboration with employers the TVET institutions to conduct
independent assessment of graduates, define skills level based in
performance indicators, and establish quality assurance system
of TVET.
• Develop CBT curricula including a concept ensuring the successionof Vocational Training, Vocational Education and Technical Educationin coherence with NQF.
• Develop VET standards based on performance indicators, ‘’detailedoccupational standards’’ developed for each qualifications level byemployers.
• Credit hour transfer between technical education and highereducation concepts and provide with possibility for multilevellearning in coherence with the NQF.
ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WITHIN THE POLICY AND
OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
About WorldSkillsCompetition
• WorldSkills Competition is managed and organized by WorldSkills International with a membership of 76 countries. It’s an international organization in TVET sector, providing opportunities to share experience, compare and define the level of industry professions quality standards.
• The WSC is a world level Olympics of skills, defining the vocational education and training quality of countries.
2014
2015
2016
2017Preparing for WorldSkills UAE, Abu Dhabi 2017 to compete
in following 5 trades:
• Welding
• Electrician
• Plumbing
• Bricklaying
• Carpenter
‘’Mongolian Skills Competition’’, first phase of each trade
competition organized =
The first Mongolian team competed in 9 trade competitions in WSC,
Brazil
Mongolia joined as the 69th member, ‘’Mongolian Skills Competition’’ was
organized in different trades=
=
=
Mongolian Skills Competition
Within the framework of the Mongolian teams’preparation to successfully participate in the WSC,the Ministry of Labour jointly with thedevelopment partners implementing projects andprogrammes in TVET sector, professionalassociations and TVET institutions organized the‘’Mongolian Skills Competition’’ as tradiona in 3phases in year 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 andselected the best students and expert teachers.Hence the winners and expert teachers weregranted with the right to compete in the WSC.
WorldSkills 2015 San Paulo• For the first time the Mongolian team participated in WSC in 2015 and competed in the following
trades:
1. Bricklaying
2. Tiling
3. Joinery
4. Hairdresser
5. Beauty therapy
6. CNC turning
7. Welding
8. Electrician
9. Cook
The Government of Mongolia, large enterprises, development partners implementing projects and programmes in labour sector collaborated to provide with operational and financial support.
The Government of Mongolia, Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) and Oyu Tolgoi LLC each provided with funds to conduct practical training, purchase necessary tool and equipment and cover participation costs.
WorldSkills 2017 Abu Dhabi and Mongolian Skills Competition
WorldSkills 2017 Abu Dhabi
• WSC will take place in October 2017 in capital city of UAE, Abu Dhabi
• 76 countries of the world will compete in more than 50 trade competitions
Mongolian Skills Competition-2017
• Mongolian team plans to compete in following 5 trades: 1. Welding
2. Joinery
3. Plumbing
4. Electrician
5. Bricklaying.
Thank you for your attention!
46
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