the polymorphisms and haplotypes of pin1 gene are associated with the risk of lung cancer
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The polymorphisms and haplotypes of Pin1 gene are associated with the
risk of lung cancer
吕嘉春 , 赵红军,杨磊,刘斌,纪卫东,宾晓农
广州医学院 化学致癌研究所、呼吸疾病国家重点实验室
承国家自然科学基金项目(30200235、 30371196、 30671813、 30872178)资助
Pin1
Wnt/β-catenin
p53, p63, p73 ras/Neu-Jun
NF-κB
Cancer
Upstream signals
Signaling transduction
Ser/Thr-Pro p Ser/Thr-Pro Ser/Thr-ProKinases
MapksGSKsCDKs
Phosphalases
PP2A
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and
so does in Guangzhou.
The death rate of lung cancer in Guangzhou city was
11.61/105 during 1970-1972, increased to 32.67/105 during 1980-1982,
to 41.54/105 during 1990-1992, and to 48.79/105 during 2000-2002.
Pro-directed phosphorylation is an important signaling mechanism
controlling diverse cellular processes, including cell-cycle
progression, and cell proliferation and differentiation.
The mechanisms controlling Pro-directed phosphorylation can result
in cell transformation and oncogenesis.
BACKGROUND Pin1 specifically regulates the conformation of Pro-directed
phosphorylation sites.
Pin1 substrates include many essential cancer-related proteins, such
as von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, myc, GSK -3 beta, cyclin D1,
Cdc25, cdc2/cyclin B, p73, and p53.
Aberrant over expressions of Pin1 have been reported in many
cancers, including lung, breast and liver cancers.
Inhibition of Pin1 in cancer cells can trigger apoptosis or suppress
the transformed phenotype. Moreover, the Pin1 knockout -/- female
mice showed impaired growth of mammary cells.
The -842G>C polymorphism has been found to be associated with low risk of
head neck and breast cancer in American white population.
HYPOTHESIS
The genetic variations in the promoter region of Pin1 gene and their possible interaction with environmental factors may play a role in the risk of lung cancer
STUDY DESIGN
The studied SNPs were selected based on the dbSNP database and re-sequencing data.
A hospital-based case-control study 1056 newly diagnosed patients with sporadic lung cancer were recruited in Guangzhou.
1056 cancer-free controls were recruited from healthy subjects in the community health centers.
The cases and controls frequency matched by age (±5 years) and sex
All subjects were Chinese Han.
Genomic structure of PIN1 gene
GENOTYPING-PCR-RFLP
Since the Pin1-842G>C (rs2233678) and -667T>C
(rs2233679) are close in distance, we used one pair of
primers
5’-CGG GCT CTG CAG ACT CTA TT -3’ (FP)
5’-AAA TTT GGC TCC TCC ATC CT -3’(RP)
Restriction enzyme: BanII for -842G>C
SacI for -667T>C
-667TT
Table I. Frequency distributions of selected variables in lung cancer cases and controls
Cases (n=1056) Controls (n=1056) Variables
n % n % p a
Age (years) 60 536 (50.8) 534 (50.6) > 60 520 (49.2) 522 (49.4)
0.9306
Sex male 746 (70.6) 746 (70.6) female 310 (29.4) 310 (29.4)
1.0000
Smoking current 394 (37.3) 366 (34.7) former 207 (19.6) 176 (16.7) never 455 (43.1) 514 (48.6)
0.0283
a Two-sided 2 test;
Table I. cont’
Cases (n=1056) Controls (n=1056) Variables
n % n % p a
Drinking current 165 (15.6) 186 (17.6) former 64 (6.1) 41 (3.9) never 827 (78.3) 829 (78.5)
0.0429
Family history
yes 104 (9.9) 103 (9.8) no 952 (90.1) 953 (90.2)
0.9417
BMI <18 134 (12.7) 51 (4.8) 18-25 820 (77.6) 702 (66.5) >25 102 (9.7) 303 (28.7)
<0.0001
Sub-ethnic group TeoChewese(潮汕) 90 (8.5) 81 (7.7) Hakka (客家) 198 (18.8) 195 (18.5) Cantonese(广府) 683 (64.7) 700 (66.3) Other Hans(他省汉) 85 (8.0) 80 (7.5)
0.8358
Table II. PIN1 genotypes and allele frequencies and logistic regression
analysis for associations with lung cancer risk
Cases Controls Genotypes n (%) n (%)
P a Crude OR (95% CI)
Adjusted OR (95% CI) b
-842G>C GG 948(89.8) 895(84.7) 1.00 (ref.) 1.00 (ref.) GC 103(9.7) 154(14.6) 0.63(0.48-0.83) 0.64(0.48-0.84) CC 5(0.5) 7(0.7)
0.0025
0.68(0.21-2.14) 0.77(0.23-2.52) P trend 0.0008 0.0018 GC+CC 108(10.2) 161(15.3) 0.64(0.49-0.83) 0.64(0.49-0.84) C allele 0.053 0.079 0.0007
-667C>T CC 367 (34.7) 352 (33.3) 1.00 (ref.) 1.00 (ref.) CT 512 (48.5) 522 (49.4) 0.94(0.78-1.14) 0.89(0.73-1.08) TT 177 (16.8) 182 (17.3)
0.5132
0.93(0.72-1.20) 0.83(0.64-1.08) P trend 0.6179 0.6984
CT+TT 689 (65.3) 704 (66.7) 0.94(0.78-1.12) 0.87(0.73-1.06)
T allele 0.410 0.420 0.5322
Haplotypes G-T 863(40.9) 832(39.4) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) G-C 1136(53.8) 1112(52.6) 0.97(0.75-1.26) 1.11(0.85-1.46) C-T 39(1.8) 54(2.6) 0.50(0.17-1.49) 0.64(0.21-1.95) C-C 74(3.5) 114(5.4)
0.007
0.40(0.20-0.78) 0.41(0.21-0.82) a Two-sided 2 test for either genotype distribution or allele frequency. b Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and alcohol, family cancer history.
Patients (n = 1056) Controls (n = 1056)Crude OR( 95% CI)
Adjusted OR( 95% CI)a
Phomb
GGn (%)
GC+CCn (%)
GGn (%)
GC+CCn (%)
GC+CC vs GG GC+CC vs GG
Age (years)
60 485(90.5) 51(9.5) 455(85.2) 79(14.8) 0.61(0.42-0.88) 0.65(0.44-0.95) 0.852
> 60 463(89.0) 57(11.0) 440(84.3) 82(15.7) 0.66(0.46-0.95) 0.63(0.43-0.92)
Sex
Male 672(90.1) 74(9.9) 634(85.0) 112(15.0) 0.62(0.46-0.85) 0.62(0.45-0.86) 0.837
Female 276(89.0) 34(11.0) 261(84.2) 49(15.8) 0.66(0.41-1.05) 0.71(0.43-1.16)
Smoking
Ever 540(89.9) 61(10.1) 452(83.4) 90(16.6) 0.57(0.40-0.80) 0.58(0.41-0.83) 0.407
Never 408(89.7) 47(10.3) 443(86.2) 71(13.8) 0.72(0.49-1.06) 0.71(0.47-1.07)
Drinking
Ever 208(90.8) 21(9.2) 187(82.4) 40(17.6) 0.47(0.27-0.83) 0.50(0.28-0.92) 0.366
Never 740(89.5) 87(10.5) 708(85.4) 121(14.6) 0.69(0.51-0.92) 0.69(0.51-0.93)
Table III. Stratification analysis of the PIN1 -842G>C genotypes in lung cancer cases and controls
Patients (n = 1056) Controls (n = 1056)Crude OR( 95% CI)
Adjusted OR( 95% CI)a
Phomb
GGn (%)
GC+CCn (%)
GGn (%)
GC+CCn (%)
GC+CC vs GG
GC+CC vs GG
Family history of cancer
Yes 97(93.3) 7(6.7) 81(78.6) 22(21.4) 0.27(0.11-0.65)
0.29(0.11-0.74) 0.047
No 851(89.4) 101(10.6) 814(85.4) 139(14.6)0.70(0.53-0.91)
0.70(0.53-0.93)
BMI
≤23.9 126(94.0) 8(6.0) 44(86.3) 7(13.7)0.40(0.14-1.16)
0.41(0.14-1.23) 0.729
24.0-27.9 730(89.0) 90(11.0) 593(84.5) 109(15.5)0.67(0.50-0.91)
0.66(0.49-0.89)
≥28.0 92(90.2) 10(9.8) 258(85.1) 45(14.9)0.62(0.30-1.29)
0.63(0.31-1.31)
Table III. cont’
a ORs were adjusted by age, sex, smoking, drinking, BMI and family history of cancerb P value of the test for homogeneity between stratum-related ORs for Pin1-842 .
All P<0.001
G-T
G-C
C-T
C-C
Luciferase assay: Pin1 -842 C variant decrease gene’s transcriptional activity
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
A549 L78 16HBE
Luciferase activity
(Relative level)
G-TG-CC-TC-C
Population stratification• Multilevel Logistic regression null model: the sub-ethnic group to the risk of lung cancer
OR=0.971 , 95%CI=0.862–1.094 ; P=0.6277
• Multilevel Logistic regression 2 level model: the sub-ethnic group as level 2, age, sex, smoking, drinking
and Pin1-842G>C genotypes as level 1, Pin1-842G>C: OR=0.639, 95%C.I.=0.488–0.836 ; P=0.0011.
After controlling the confounding effect of sub-ethnic groups, the main effect of Pin1-842G>C is still significant.
False positive report probability (FPRP) for association between
Pin1 -842 G>C polymorphism with lung cancer risk
OR=0.64 (0.49-0.84), Power=0.927
null OR=0.67 (or 1/1.5)
Prior probability =0.01
FPRP=0.06 → noteworthy at 0.2 level
The finding of this study is unlikely by chance.
CONCLUSION The functional genetic variant -842G>C
of Pin1 gene contributes to decreased
the risk of lung cancer by diminishing
the promoter activity
Limitations
• Hospital-based, retrospective study.
• Fewer SNPs were genotyped
• Restricted to a Chinese Han population
Dr. Lu’s lab staff, GZMC
Dr. Wei’s lab staff, UT MDACC
AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
Thanks for your attention !
谢谢!
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