the progressive era

Progressive means to move forward

http://www.veoh.com/collection/ushistory102/watch/v11833835JkMCHHRy#

1. Expanded role in governmenta. Most progressives opposed government control of business but

wanted government control of essential services such as water and electricity.b. Social Welfare Program: The well being of the people. Welfare program

2. Municipal Reforms: City level reforms. Wanted home rule which took power away from political state machines

a. Attacking the Bosses: Social Reformers wanted Civil Service to be based on merit. They did not like the Spoils System

They improved city services

b. New Reforms of Municipal Government.September, 8, 1900 Hurricane hits Galveston, Texas6,000 Dead http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZX88xLJVfpI

i. Mayor and Aldermen were replaced by five commissioners. They were able to get Relief. TCBii. Council Managers: Elected city council which hires a city manager and set laws instead of having a Mayor make city decisions.

c. The City takes over utilities: Break up monopolies dealing with water, gas and electricity.

d. Providing Welfare Services: Playgrounds, free Kindergartens, lodging for homeless. People would be good citizens if social conditions in the city were good.

3. STATE REFORMS: Get rid of Political Machinesa. More power to voters: Direct primary citizens vote to select nominees for upcoming elections. Not picked by the bosses any longer.

i. Initiative: Put new laws on the ballot for voters to decidedii. Referendum: Citizens can approve or disapprove laws

passed by the State Congresses. iii. Recall: Voters can remove official from office.

b. Reforms in the workplace: Curb workplace hazards.i. Labor departmentsii. Workers accident insuranceiii. Muller VS. Oregon 1908: Limited hours of work per day for laundry workers to 10 hours. Not healthy to work any longer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-3kNfHNc_Y

HANDOUTS – DeGe you got to give ‘em to da kidshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvKrkCLl_0U

4. Federal Reformsa. TR’s Square Deal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mWzXqDbM5c

i. Coal workers and owner sent to arbitration over disagreementii. TR would use army to work the mines if they did not agreeiii. 10% raise for workers, reduced the work day from 10 hours to nine hoursiv. Square deal for both sides!

b. Anti-Trust Activism: i. Northern Securities Company: A holding company that buys stocks and bonds. They were a monopoly. Violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Actii. TR filed 42 Anti-trust actionsiii. TR wanted government regulation!

c. Railroad Regulation: 1906 Hepburn Act limited railroad rates

d. Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act 1906. Rating for meat, must list the ingredients

e. Labor Department- 1912: Concerns for the workers, women and children

f. Protecting the Environment: Roosevelt sets aside 200 million acres for National Forrest and water projects

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9_FbPwfUe4&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PLFC5A963949287248

g. New Constitutional Amendmentsi. 16th Income Taxii. 17th Direct Election of Senatorsiii. 18th Prohibition

Section 3 Taft and WilsonTaft never wanted to be President! He wanted to

Be the Chief of the Supreme Court. He ended up being both.1. Taft’s Presidency – CONFLICT!

a. Tariffs: Wanted to reduce , congress did not back him

b. Ballinger-Pinchot Affair: Conservationist: People who favor protection of the natural resources.

i. Ballinger was appointed Sec. of the Interior. He sided with big business vs. conservationistii. Pinchot was head of the US Forest Service. iii. Taft fires Pinchot. This was not a popular move

2. Turmoil in the Republican Party: 1910 The House of Representatives passed a resolution allowing their Reps. Instead of the Speaker of the House to appoint Rules Committee members. This splits the Republican Party.

a. Election of 1910: TR is back form Africa. Campaigned for Progressive candidates. He did not like the job Taft was doing.

i. Business Regulationii. Welfare Laws

iii. Workplace protection for women and childreniv. Income Taxv. Voting Reform

New Nationalism!

3. Election of 1912a. Bull Moses Party-Progressive Party- TR’s party

i. Four way electionii. Taft, TR, Wilson and Eugene Debsiii. Republican vote is split and allow Wilson

to win the election

4. Wilson’s Policiesa. Tariffs and Taxes: Tariff reduction, Federal Income Taxb. Attacking Trusts