the reproductive system1 chapter 52 the reproductive system you are not responsible for the more...
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The Reproductive System 1
Chapter 52The Reproductive System
You are not responsible for the more detailed descriptions of reproduction in fishes, amphibians, reptiles and birds on pages 1070 – 1072.
You are only responsible for the hormones we discuss in class
We will draw upon a few topics from Chapter 53 about fetal development
The Reproductive System 2
How do organisms reproduce?
Sexual vs Asexual
Budding
Interesting “twists” to sexual reproduction…
Parthenogenesis-- bees-- among vertebrates
Hermaphoditism-- earthworms-- many plants
Case of thelonely
KomodoDragon
(XX-males)
The Reproductive System 3
Reproductive strategies have evolved toward internal fertilization and development
Why is internal fertilization better than external?
Why is internal development better than external?
Oviparity in male midwife toadCopyright © 2000 Michael Frede
Human viviparity
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What are the characteristics of the Male Reproductive System?
Anatomy
Erection
What are 1O and 2O sexual characteristics?
2O characteristicsTestosteroneAndrostenedione abuse
Contraceptioncondomvasectomy
Question
The Reproductive System 5
Endocrine hormonal regulation
Pituitary hormones FSH – stimulates
spermatogenesisLH – stimulates testosterone
synthesis
Testosterone
Androstenedione abuse
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What are the characteristics of the Female Reproductive System?
Anatomy
Pathway of egg travel
Pregnancy
Contraception:diaphragmtubal ligationspermicidesIUD
Question
The Reproductive System 7
Hormonal control the female reproductive system
All mammals have periods of estrus
What is the ovarian cycle?Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)Luteinizing hormone (LH)Follicle & corpus luteum
What is the uterine cycle?Estrogen & Progesterone
Endometrium & Menstration
Other forms of contraception Rhythm method Chemical contraceptives
oral: (The “Pill’) Implant (“Norplant”)
Injectable
Question
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What happens after fertilization?
Completion of meiosis
Implantation in endometrium
Ectopic pregnancy
Review Question
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Hormonal changes upon pregnancy
Roles of embryo and corpus luteumProgesteroneEstrogenHuman Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
What happens if the female reproductive cycle becomes disrupted?
Amenorrhia Menopause
Question
The Reproductive System 10
Assisted pregnancy
Artificial insemination
Gamete Intrafallopian transfer
In-vitro fertilization
Gamete donation
Surrogate mothering
Pictures used with the permission of Dr. Clemens M. Grosskinsky, ORM, ColumbusReview Question
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What are the functions of the amnion and placenta?
Amniotic sac & fluid
Maternal and fetal circulatory systems
-- no connection
Exchange of nutrientsgasseswastes
Question
Chorionic villi
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What are the stages of fetal development?
Trimesters
Embryonic stage
Fetal stage
Sensitive periods
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Question
4 weeks 3 months 6 months
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How can Congenital Defects be tested for?
Amniocentesis
Chorionic villi sampling
Perform karyotype
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Labor and Birth
Fetal position-- why is ‘breach’ position bad
Uterine contractions
Dilation of cervix
Extraction of the placenta
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