the resting arm by vinod more
Post on 04-Feb-2022
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Efficiency of hand function
ability to place it in the proper position by movements
at the
upper limb joints
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UPPER LIMB
associated with lateral aspect of the lower portion of the neck thoracic wall
Suspended from the trunk by muscles & a small skeletal articulation between clavicle & sternum: sternoclavicular joint
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UPPER LIMB
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proximal segment of the limb overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck
Shoulder
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Pectoral (shoulder) gırdle
bony ring,
posteriorly formed by the scapulae and clavicles
anteriorly by formed by the manubrium of the sternum
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ARM -BRACHIUM
First segment of the free upper limb & longest segment of the limb Between shoulder and elbow Anterior & posterior segments of the arm around the humerus
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Second longest segment of the limb Between elbow wrist & Includes anterior & posterior regions overlying the radius and ulna
Forearm-AntebrachIum
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part of the upper limb distal to the forearm
formed around the carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges. composed of the wrist, palm, dorsum of hand, and digits
Hand-manus
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CLAVICLE
the only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limb
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CLAVICLE
the only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limb
palpable along its entire length
S-shaped contour
forward-facing convex part medial
forward-facing concave part lateral
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CLAVICLE
medial sternal end
articulates with manubrium
sternoclavicular joint
lateral end acromial end articulates with acromion of scapula
acromioclavicular joint
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CLAVICLE
Inferior surface-near the acromial end conoid tubercle –medial part of- trapezoid line –lateral part of- coracoclavicular ligament Medial 1/3 of the clavicle’s shaft subclavian groove – subclavius muscle More medially impression for the costoclavicular ligament binding 1st rib to clavicle Limiting elevation of the shoulder
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Functions of the Clavicle
A moveable, rigid support
limb has maximum freedom of motion.
A boundary of the cervico-axillary canal (passageway between
the neck and the arm), protection to the neurovascular bundle
supplying the upper limb.
Transmits shocks from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
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SCAPULA
large, flat triangular bone
lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax
between 2nd-7th ribs
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SCAPULA
Anterior view
three angles
lateral, superior, and inferior three borders
superior, lateral, and medial two surfaces
costal and posterior three processes
Acromion
Spine
Coracoid process
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SCAPULA
Posterior view
Acromion Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Spine of scapula Suprascapular notch
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SCAPULA
Lateral view
Glenoid cavity Supraglenoid tubercle Infraglenoid tubercle Acromion Coracoid process
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HUMERUS
the largest bone in the upper limb
articulates w/
Scapula Glenohumeral (Shoulder) joint
Radius & Ulna
elbow joint
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HUMERUS
In cross-section, shaft triangular with:
anterior, lateral, & medial
borders
anterolateral, anteromedial, posterior
surfaces
Intermuscular septa
attach to medial & lateral borders.
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HUMERUS
proximal end
Head Neck
-Anatomical neck -Surgical neck
Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove
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HUMERUS
shaft
Deltoid tuberosity
Medial and lateral supraepicondylar (supracondylar) ridges
Radial groove
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HUMERUS
distal end
Anterior view Posterior view
Trochlea Capitilum
Olecranon fossa
Coronoid fossa
Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle
Radial fossa
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BONES OF THE FOREARM
medial and longer of the two forearm bones lateral and shorter of the two forearm bones
MORE IMAGES
99-103
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For articulation with the humerus 1) Olecranon
2) Coronoid process Radial notch @ the lateral surface articulation with head of radius
ULNA
proximal end
articulation with humerus proximally head of the radius laterally
Tuberosity of ulna Inferior to coronoid process
Trochlear notch Semilunar notch
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ULNA
shaft
triangular in cross-section and has:
three borders anterior, posterior, and interosseous
three surfaces anterior, posterior, and medial
Supinator crest Inferior to radial notch @ lateral surface Supinator fossa On the lateral surface, under the radial notch
Broad superiorly, continuous with large proximal end Narrow distally to form a small distal head
Supinator muscle
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ULNA
distal end
Head of the ulna Ulnar styloid process
Ulna does not reach and participate to
the radiocarpal (wrist) joint!
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RADIUS
proximal end & shaft A short head
Neck
Radial tuberosity
Oblique line
The shaft of the radius
in contrast to that of the ulna
gradually enlarges
triangular in cross-section, with:
three borders
anterior, posterior, and interosseous three surfaces
anterior, posterior, and lateral
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RADIUS
distal end
Dorsal tubercle of the radius
Radial styloid process
Ulnar notch
SHAFT triangular in cross-section, with:
three borders
anterior, posterior, and interosseous three surfaces
anterior, posterior, and lateral
BONES OF THE HAND
Proximal row of carpal bones
lateral to medial Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform
Distal row of carpal bones
lateral to medial Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
I am sailing with my little boat on a summer night The moon is crescent I am filling my three-cornered hat with beas falling off the sky
Table (Little)Head On a Hook
BONES OF THE HAND
Proximal row of carpal bones
lateral to medial Scaphoid Lunate SeLoTyP Triquetrum Pisiform
Distal row of carpal bones
lateral to medial Trapezium ToToCu Hasan Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
She Looks Too Pretty; Try To Catch Her
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BONES OF THE HAND
Carpal arch The carpal bones do not lie in a flat plane; rather, they form an arch, whose base is directed anteriorly. lateral side of this base formed by tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium. medial side formed by pisiform & hook of hamate.
base
head
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