the road to confederation. when does canada become canada? short answer: july 1 st, 1867 what...
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The Road to Confederation
When Does Canada Become Canada? Short answer: July 1st, 1867 What happened?
Four British North American colonies get together:
Canada East (Quebec) Canada West (Ontario) Nova Scotia New Brunswick
What conditions led to the Canadian Federation? After the Act of Union (1840), United
Canada had several problems.
Economic
Military
Political
Free Trade with Great Britain Great Britain used to protect its colonies by
offering to buy their products at a good price and forcing all other countries to pay high tariffs.
In 1846, Great Britain decides to no longer protect its colonies.
Result: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reciprocity Treaty
We have a free trade agreement with the United States for
approximately 12 years (1854-1866).
We have access to the vast American market.
So, losing this privilege in 1866 means we no longer have
Great Britain or the United States to depend on as buyers of
our goods.
Proportional Representation “Rep by Pop” means the number of
representatives elected to the Legislative Assembly is proportional to the population.
In 1840: Canada East 600,000 people Canada West 400,000 people And both have 42 representatives.
In 1851: Canada East 890,000 people Canada West 950,000 people And both still have 42 representatives.
Proportional Representation
Why do you think most people in Canada East opposed proportional representation?
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Majority / Minority Governments If the Liberals have 50 seats, And the Conservatives have 75 seats; And the NDP has 40 seats, Which party creates the government?
___________________________________ If a majority is at least 50% of the seats, do the
Conservatives in this example have a majority or minority government?
_____________________________________
Minority Governments Minority governments have
little power. If the Conservatives have 75
seats, And the Libs and NDP
together have 90 seats, Every time they vote on
something, the two other parties can gang up on the party in power.
Ministerial Instability
Between 1854 and 1864, there are 10 minority governments in a row.
If no government ever has enough power to pass laws, then very little gets done in the running of the country.
Military Reasons Between 1861-1865, the
United States has its Civil War.
The North wins (thank goodness!).
So the United States has many unemployed soldiers with no war to fight.
People in the British North American colonies are worried about a U.S. invasion.
Manifest Destiny Americans at this time think it
is their duty to expand their territory throughout North America.
In the 1860s, Western Canada has very few people living there.
One idea is to settle the West so that it will not be lost.
Caricature A caricature is an
exaggerated drawing, often for comedic effect. Like those artists in
Old Montreal who will sketch you with big ears and funny teeth, etc.
Political Cartoons Political cartoons often use
caricature and personification.
Personification is when a place or a thing is represented by a person.
In this case, Cousin Jonathan is the United States. Miss Britannia is Great Britain. And of course Miss Canada is Canada.
Political Cartoon
A pertinent question:
Miss Canada tells Miss Britannia that she will never be united with her Cousin Jonathan.
The Annexation Machine The way Brother
Jonathan will astonish the natives. Annexation comes in by
the rail, while liberty flies off in the smoke.
According to this caricature, what will Canadians lose with annexation with the U.S.?
_____________________
Cartoon
Young Canada says: “We don’t want you here.”
John Bull: “That’s right, my son, no matter what comes, an empty house is better than such a tenant as that.”
Cartoon What does John Bull
mean by that? ________________
________________________________________________
Who does John Bull represent?
________________________________
Cartoon FROM HALIFAX TO
VANCOUVER Miss Canada: “This is
what we want, Cousin Jonathan. It will give us real independence and stop the foolish talk about annexation.”
Jonathan: “Wal, Miss, I guess you’re about right thar, but I’ll believe it when I see it.”
Cartoon What will eliminate
“foolish talk of annexation” for Miss Canada?
____________________________________
Why is Jonathan not impressed?
______________________________________________________
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