tiered case management model in a scattered site housing program
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Nancy M. Strohminger, LCSW-CSteven L. Dashiell, M.A.
Tiered Case Management Model in a Scattered Site
Housing Program
DisclosuresThis continuing education activity is
managed and accredited by Professional and Education Service Group. The information represents the opinions of the authors. Neither PESG, nor any accrediting organization endorses any commercial products displayed or mentioned in conjunction with this activity.
Commercial support was not received for this activity.
DisclosuresNancy M. Strohminger, LCSW-CSteven L. Dashiell
Has no financial interest or relationship to disclose.
CME Staff DisclosuresProfessional Education Services Group staff have no financial interest or relationship to disclose.
Learning ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this activity, the participant will
be able to:1. Cite the theoretical constructs underlying a tiered
case management model for long term care.2. Construct realistic (housing) program goals that are
based on individual performance and national Ryan White and HUD priorities.
3. Operate a staff practice that can be trained to effectively and efficiently focus on program goals.
4. Assess aggregate program data to identify unmet needs in your target population that can build justification for new program initiatives or partnerships.
Baltimore vs. Statewide Profile (2010)BALTIMORE--Population: 620,961Persons Below Poverty Level: 24.7%Ranked 5th in the nation for newly-diagnosed HIV cases.STATEWIDE--Population: 5,773,000Persons Below Poverty Level: 9.9%
Baltimore is home to 47% of all Marylanders living with HIV/AIDS.
AIRS History and MissionFOUNDED in 1987 as a response to the
AIDS epidemic—originally housing with nursing support for the terminally ill.
MISSION: AIRS provides comprehensive supportive housing services to enhance quality of life, emphasizing self-sufficiency for low-income and homeless individuals and families living with or at risk of HIV/AIDS or other disabilities.
Permanent Housing ProgramsGeneral Adult Population—Singles and
Families—CURRENT TOTAL: 231 Households.
Sub-Populations:Ex-Offender Projects (Transitional and
Permanent)Limited English Proficient (mostly Hispanic)
ProjectYouth Ages 18-25Baltimore County (nearby jurisdiction)
Race Profile
African American
85%
Hispanic9%
Caucasian5%
Other1%
Gender Profile
FEMALE39%
MALE61%
TRANSGENDER0%
Family Configuration Profile
63%
37%
Single Head of Household Families/ 2 Adults
Level of Stability
21%
18%
13%
47%
Length of Time in Housing
12 monthes or less1-2 yrs.2-3 yrs.Over 3 yrs.
Program Intervention Model
IntakeEstablish Eligibility for HousingIntake/ Pre-Housing EducationDrug Screening
HousingStabilize health and income (Earned and govt benefits)Become self-sufficient with housing and financial responsibilitiesGrowth in social/ community connection, leadership activities
"Gold" Standard of Self-SufficiencyCase Managment on DemandPeriodic SupportNeighborhood/ Family/ Peer Support connection Good working relationship with AIRS/EHM
Program Wide GoalsFor all clients to apply for all basic entitlements they
are eligible for—TCA, food stamps, medical insurance—beginning before housing, and continuing throughout. (100% Program Goal)
For all clients not on SSI/SSDI to be involved in work, training or school activity leading to increased income, higher potential. (This affects 50% of the population--100% Program Goal)
For all clients to have verified connection to care—medical—for self and family. (100% Program Goal)
For all clients to utilize mental health and substance abuse treatment as recommended. (This affects 50% of the population--95% Program Goal)
Program Wide Goals (Cont’d)For all clients to pass housing inspection
with no corrections needed. (95% Program Goal)
For all clients to handle finances so there is no late rent/ BGE turn-off notice. (90% Program Goal)
For all clients to develop positive working relationships with AIRS/ EHM, as shown by independently being able to contact for assistance. (Level 4, 5 only—100% Program Goal).
Federal Funding PrioritiesHUD
Clients must be homeless and meet the HUD definition of homeless as proven by scenario or a 3rd party
Clients must be disabled and meet the HUD definition of disability
Clients’ income cannot exceed a state-sanctioned levelHousing is permanent, but working towards client self-
sustainability
Ryan WhiteProvision of services in two categories for HIV+ clientele
(98% of our population)Proof of funder of last resort (given HUD requirements, not
a challenge in the grand majority of our clients)
Supportive Case Management ModelCompletely Individualized Service PlanningCompletely Client-DrivenVariability of approach from one Case
Manager to anotherOnly measurement of change was tied to
completion % of Goals.“Successes” described in anecdotal terms
only.Imperfect understanding of client’s barriers
around change.
Case Management VisionUnrealistic to stay “in a program” mode
indefinitely.Desire to focus their work where it is most
needed—at the beginning, with high-risk clients.
Desire to reinforce residents who reach the “Gold Standard” of Self-Sufficiency through recognition, allowance of independent judgment with regard to Individual Service Plan Work.
Model more closely approximates non-program coping behaviors.
Deciding on VariablesMust be measureable and discreet.Must connect to your funder’s/ agency’s mission.Must reflect some of the actual barriers you are
overcoming.
For Example, which is the most measurable? Realistic?Increase income.
vs.Maintain financial obligations.
Towards a Targeted Housing Case Management ModelIndividual needs are assessed.Client Self-Determination is always
respected.However, Program/ Agency Goals are
introduced, along with training of Case Management Staff.
Case Manager is to offer, endorse best option for their self-sufficiency, based on their risk profile.
Annually, Case Manager assess and evaluate where individual client is with respect to those goals.
Case Management Level of Contact is then re-calibrated to reflect those needs.
MODEL APPLICATIONWhat We Learned
Theoretical ContributionsTran theoretical Model of Change
(DiClemente, Procraska, & Norcross)AIDS Institute Models of Case Management
ComprehensiveSupportive
Targeted (Triaged) Case ManagementHUD National Benchmarks—Supportive
Housing ProgramsOutcomes Management for Program
Effectiveness (R. Pena)
Intervention Variables
• Life Skill Training
• Nursing Support
• Housekeeping Support
• Ryan White Housing Support
• Access to Care
• Wraparound Services
• Transportation Services
• Workforce Development
Time In Housing Health
StabilityAge
Housing/ Lease Complia
nce
Level I (Basic) Service ElementsServices Received Qualitative GoalsIndividual Service
PlanWeekly contact
with case manager—2/ month face-to-face—1 home visit/month
Targeted health education or support group available
1:1 Meeting with GEAR Coordinator
100% verified connection to care (medical, mental health, substance abuse recovery)
90% No Late Rent/BGE Turn-off Notice
GEAR Involvement goals-set by individual sub programs.
100% completion of Life Skills Education curriculum (Youth only)
Level II (Intermediate) Service ElementsServices Received Qualitative GoalsIndividual Service
Plan2/monthly contact
with case manager—1/ face-to-face—1 home visit/quarter
2 Mandatory Workshops—Money Management, Passing a Housing Inspection
90% Medical Care Compliance
90% No Late Rent/BGE Turn-off Notice
100% Pass Housing Inspection (Year 1, Year 2)
Has put self on all eligible housing lists (Section 8, HOPWA)
Level IIIA (CM FOCUS-FINANCIAL/ HOUSING NEEDS) Service Elements
Services Received Qualitative GoalsIndividual Service
Plan, with same level of contact as Level 2.
2 Mandatory Workshops—Money Management, Passing a Housing Inspection
Encourage utilization of GEAR services.
Case Manager to focus on all barriers to Financial Health, on a case by case basis.
Measure:90% No Late Rent/BGE
Turn-off Notice100% Pass Housing
Inspection 100% verified full
entitlements
Source of Income Profile
Emplo
y...
No Inco
meSS
DISS
I
TCA/
T...
Other0
102030405060708090
Num
ber
of C
lient
s
Level IIIB (CM FOCUS—HEALTH/ FAMILY NEED ) Service ElementsServices Received Qualitative GoalsIndividual Service
Plan, with same level of contact as Level 2.
Maximize contact with Medical Case Manager/ Provider.
Utilize community wrap-around services for maximum protection.
Case manager to pick priority areas in case plan (health maintenance, workforce development, financial responsibility, housing maintenance)
MEASURE:100% verified medical
insurance100% verified full
entitlements90% Medical Care
Compliance—focus area
Co-Morbid Health Conditions
89%
11%
YesNo
Level IIIC (AGE-RESTRICTED) Service ElementsServices Received Qualitative GoalsServices Plan to
reflect individual needs of client
Utilize wrap-around services that maximize growth and independent living in scattered site
Emphasize activities to keep clients socially connected to community
Case Managers to focus on health maintenance, watch for increased oversight need, income maintenance.
MEASURE:100% verified medical
insurance100% verified connection to
care (medical, mental health, substance abuse recovery)
90% No Late Rent/BGE Turn-off Notice
Age Profile
AGE 18-30
AGE 31-40
AGE 41-50
AGE51-60
AGE 61-OVER
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Level IV (CASE MANAGEMENT ON-DEMAND) Service Elements
Services Received Qualitative GoalsCase Management on
demand, or problem-focused with time limits
1 contact per monthAutomatic invitation to
Consumer Advisory Board with leadership, volunteer services to the agency/ other clients possible
Encourage utilization of GEAR services.
90% Medical Care Compliance
90% No Late Rent/BGE Turn-off Notice
100% Pass Housing Inspection
Has put self on all eligible housing lists (Section 8, HOPWA)
75% utilizing GEAR resources towards employment opportunities and income growth
Annual Check Up CommentsDone Annually as a Point-In-Time Snapshot or UpdateChanges are noted based on client’s relation to:
Length of Time in the ProgramHealth Stability (or Not)Financial Stability (or Not)Age-Sensitive
Report notes individual achievement with respect to Program Goals.
Changes are noted in aggregate data in our program software.
This does not supersede/ replace the Individual Service Planning work.
Tiered Case Management Profile
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3A
LEVEL 3B
LEVEL 3C
LEVEL 40
10
20
30
40
50
60
Training Comments for StaffNeed to understand and apply Agency
goals. Front Line Staff rarely knew even the funder’s expectations.
“Teaching” objective point-in-time thinking. Case Manager often very affected by the event of the moment.
Anxiety regarding “who” is being measured. Supervisor needs to assist with the focus on client “choice” without reflection on good or bad Case Manager.
Case Manager bias around favorite or “non-favorite” clients. Supervisor review often needed to challenge/demand the actual achievement.
Training ChallengesChange is hard, especially with established
professionals.“Definitions” in the system have taken
longer to understand than expected.Client complexity and variability throughout
the year can force a reversal of course. Age of our clients makes us question how
much change is possible.“Missed” opportunities for intervention with
Case Management on Demand group can worry an Agency/ Staff.
Effect on Case ManagementCase Managers are better trained on the
pathways to success, best practice knowledge.Client needs are easier to identify, plan out
strategically in a service continuum toward self-sufficiency.
Role definition between Housing Case Management vs. Medical Case Management improved.
Clients motivation has been strengthened as we identify (and deliver) needed services.
Effect on Agency Data now informs programming, with stronger
reportable outcomes.“Old line” assumptions have been dropped in the
Agency/ Program story line.Service Partnerships stronger, with their
understanding of our model.Move toward measuring average client contact
helps define proper caseload size during expansion/ contraction .
Case Management Model adaptable to new/ different housing projects, with understanding of caseload needs.
Using Outcome Information to Identify Needed ResourcesAnnual Check can isolate bigger-than-
average issues that the aggregate struggles with.Example:
Poor income growth identified the need for in-house workforce development services.
Increase in fatalities in scattered site homes point to the need for nurse partnership/ in-house service.
Observed client motivation highest at start of housing, causing Program to front-load health care intervention, life skills and housing readiness learning while on Wait List.
Contact InformationAIRS/ Empire Homes of Maryland:Nancy Strohminger, Executive VP, Programs
410-576-5070 x12 nancy@airshome.org
Steven Dashiell, M.A., Permanent Housing Program Manager
410-576-5070 x36 steven@airshome.org
Website: www.airshome.org
Obtaining CME/ CE CreditIf you would like to receive continuing
education credit for this activity, please visit:
http://www.pesgce.com/RyanWhite2012
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