tilapia aquaculture – an overview: selection of systems – ponds, tanks, raceways, cages kevin...
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Tilapia Aquaculture – An Overview: Selection of systems – Ponds, Tanks, Raceways, Cages
Kevin Fitzsimmons University of Arizona, Professor
World Aquaculture Society, Immediate Past-PresidentAmerican Tilapia Association, Sec./Tres.
Pablo Gonzalez AlanisUniversidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Professor
World Aquaculture Society, Student LiaisonProgram Coordinator, Aquaculture TIES
Hermosillo, Son. MexicoDec. 2, 2005
Tilapia aquacultureWhere will you grow your tilapia?Legal restrictions?Environmental restrictions? (cold, birds,
discharge)Water source (volume, quality, temperature)Other uses of water (irrigation, hydroponics,
recreation)
Tilapia in ponds
Extensive ponds
Semi-intensive ponds
Pond culture to crop irrigation
Tilapia production in outside ponds with shrimp in covered
ponds
Fiberglass or concrete tanks?
Large concrete tanks?
Tilapia with hydroponics
Tilapia-shrimp polyculture farms (Eritrea)
Irrigation canals / extensive raceways
Semi-intensive Raceway Systems
Raceways in Arizona
Raceways in Mexico
Intensive Raceway Systems (Brasil)
Intensive RAS farms in buildings in cool climates (USA)
Intensive farms with recirculation in greenhouses (USA)
Multiple small cages
Taal Lake, Philippines
Irrigation Reservoir, Arizona
Paulo Afonso Reservoir, Brasil
Other small cages
Nile Delta, Egypt
All tilapia farms have dogs, even cage farms
Shrimp Pond, Philippines
Shrimp Pond, Thailand
Large cage farms
Impacts of tilapia aquaculture
Exotic species that has been widely introduced Effluents from cage farms may contribute to
eutrophication Methytestosterone used in sex-reversal Attracts birds Discharge from desert farms should be used for
irrigation
For Sonora - Integration of aquaculture and agriculture
Water pH reduced from 8.3 to 8.0Added 19.7 kg/ha N to 45 kg/ha used
in standard fertilization schedule.
0
5
10
15
20
25
AprilM
ayJu
neJu
ly
August
Septe
mber
Tot
al N
app
lied
wit
h w
ater
(kg
/ha)
WellPond
Results - Integration of aquaculture and agriculture
Contributed 2.6 kg/ha P to crop.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
AprilM
ayJu
neJu
ly
August
Septe
mber
Tot
al P
app
lied
wit
h w
ater
(kg
/ha)
WellPond
Cotton Height 2002
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5/15 6/12 7/8 7/16 8/19 9/21
hei
gh
t (cm
)
WW WW+SF
FE FE+SF
Plant height with Fish Effluent, Standard Fertilizer and Well Water
Technologies to reduce externalities(escapees)
Further increase domesticationReduce survival rate of escapeesMore red skin varieties
Future global tilapia production
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Met
ric
tons
(000
)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2010
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