tissue presentation (asif)

Asifur Rahman01747137920Department Of Pharmaceutical ScinecesNORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY

Welcome to our presentation

TISSUE

TISSUE Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected

cells that perform a similar function within an organism.

In other words, Tissues are group of cell. In complex organisms, cells

group together with one another based on similar structure and function to form tissues

CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUEHuman body is composed of 4 basic types of tissue:

Epithelium tissue…covering Connective tissue…support Muscle tissue…movement Nervous tissue…control

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

●The epithelial tissues are formed by cells that cover the organ surfaces such as the surface of the skin, the airways, the reproductive tract, and the inner lining of the digestive tract.

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Epithelial Tissue consists of compactly arranged cells which lie in one or more layers.

Epithelial tissue that occurs on surfaces on the interior of the body is known as endothelium.

There is little amount of intercellular ground substances between the cells. Which contains hyaluronic acid and Ca++

salts which is secreted by the cells. Epithelial cells are packed tightly together, with almost no

intercellular spaces and only a small amount of intercellular substance.

Epithelial tissue, regardless of the type, is usually separated from the underlying tissue by a thin sheet of connective tissue; basement membrane. The basement membrane provides structural support for the epithelium and also binds it to neighbouring structures.

CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

According to thickness “Simple” - one cell layer “Stratified” – more than one layer of cells (which are named according to the shape of the cells in the apical layer)

According to shape: “Squamous” – wider than tall “Cuboidal” – as tall as wide “Columnar” - taller than wide

CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHALIAL TISSUE

FUNCTION Protection: Epithelial cells from the skin protect underlying tissue from

mechanical injury, harmful chemicals, invading bacteria and from excessive loss of water.

Sensation: Specialized epithelial tissue containing sensory nerve endings

is found in the skin, eyes, ears, nose and on the tongue. Secretion In glands, epithelial tissue is specialised to secrete specific

chemical substances such as enzymes, hormones and lubricating fluids.

Absorption Certain epithelial cells lining the small intestine absorb

nutrients from the digestion of food.

FUNCTION Excretion Epithelial tissues in the kidney excrete waste products from the

body and reabsorb needed materials from the urine. Sweat is also excreted from the body by epithelial cells in the sweat glands.

Diffusion Simple epithelium promotes the diffusion of gases, liquids and

nutrients. Cleaning Ciliated epithelium assists in removing dust particles and

foreign bodies which have entered the air passages. Reduces Friction The smooth, tightly-interlocking, epithelial cells that line the

entire circulatory system reduce friction between the blood and the walls of the blood vessels.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE Connective tissue is the most abundant and

widely distributed tissue type found in the human body. The role of connective tissue is to protect, support, and bind together parts of the body. When considering the characteristics that make a tissue a connective tissue.

STRUCTURE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE Connective tissues function primarily to support the body and to bind or connect together all types of tissue.

This tissue also provide a mechanical framework,which is skeleton,which play an important role in locomotion.

This tissue is characterized by large amount of intercellular substance which is called matrix.

Connective tissue are relatively few cells which are widely spread from each other .These living cells are responsible for the secretion of matrix.

CONNECTIVE TISSUEThere are four types of connective tissues found in the human body:

1.Connective tissue proper

a.Loose Connective Tissue b.Dense Connective Tissue i.Areolar ii.Adipose i.Dense regular iii.Reticular ii.Dense irregular 2.Cartilage a.Hyaline b.Elastic c.Fibrocartilage

3.Bone (osseous tissue)

4.Blood

DIAGRAM OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE WITH ITS CLASSIFICATION

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPERLoose Connective Tissue:Loose connective tissue is the most common type of connective tissue in vertebrates. It holds organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues. It also surrounds the blood vessels and nerves.3 Types:

i.Areolar ii.Adipose iii.Reticular Dense connective tissue: Dense connective tissue, also called dense fibrous tissue, has fibers as its main matrix element. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints.

2 Types: i.Dense regular ii.Dense irregular

CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

Loose Conective Tissue Dense connectiv Tissue

SPECILIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUECartilage:Cartilage is a connective tissue with an abundant

number ofcollagen fibers in a rubbery matrix. It is both strong

and flexible..

Function: Cartilage provides support and cushioning

SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE

SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUEBone:Consists of bone cells (osteocytes) and a calcified cartilage

matrix Two types of bone tissue exist: spongy and Compact

Function: It provides support for muscle attachment and protects the internal organs.

SPECELIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUEBlood: Blood is a specialized fluid connective tissue consisting of some cells

suspended in a liquid intercellular substance known as plasma. Blood is composed of mainly two parts:Plasma- composed of 92% water & 8% solidBlood cells (Example: RBC, WBC, Platelets)

Functions : transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients around the body immune response.

CONNECTIVE TISSUEFunctions Storage of energy Protection of organs Provision of structural framework for the

body Connection of body tissues Connection of epithelial tissues to muscle

tissues

NERVOUS TISSUE Nervous tissue is responsible for sensing

stimuli and transmitting signals to and from different parts of an organism. Neurons are the basic unit of nervous tissue

The 3 Elements of Nervous Tissue:1) Brain2) Spinal cord3) Nerves

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF NERVOUS TISSUES

» Sensory Neurons are afferent: These neurons transmit impulses from the sensory organs to the spinal cord and the brain.

» Motor Neurons are efferent: They transmit impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the specific organ or muscle.

» Relay/Connector Neurons are Interneurons: These neurons transmit impulses between the sensory neurons and motor neurons. They are mostly present within the brain or spinal cord.

NEUROGLIAL CELLS Neuroglial provide nutrition and

immune protection to the neurons. In addition, they are responsible for the formation of myelin sheath and maintaining homeostasis inside the neurons. There are five types of neuroglial cells :

Astroglial cell Ependymal cell Microglial cell Oligodendrocyte Schwann cell

FUNCTION OF NERVOUS TISSUE Conducts impulses to and from body organs via neurons Sensory input Integration Controls of muscles and glands Homeostasis Mental Activity

MUSCLE TISSUE Muscular tissue is composed of cells called

muscle fibers. Muscle fibers contain actins and myosin, which are protein filaments whose interaction accounts for movemen muscle tissue combined with

nerves, blood vessels, and various connective tissues. Muscles are quite complex and as we’ll find out, they are a marvel

of both biology and physics.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE TISSUE

The fibres of cardiac muscle has cross striations and contain numerous nuclei.

Nucleus can be clearly seen. Muscle tissue is formed with 75% of water and

the remaining is solid substance. Intercellular gaps are filled with different

types of tissue. Every cell is covered with sarcolemma and the

cytoplasm inside sarcolemma is called ‘sarcoplasm’

CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLE TISSUE

SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons to the bones

of the skeleton . When skeletal muscle contracts, body parts such as arms and legs move.

Function o-ordinated movements of the limbs, trunk, jaws, eyeballs, etc Skeletal muscles are directly involved in the breathing process.

SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow viscera, such as

the intestines, stomach, uterus, urinary bladder, and blood vessels. Smooth muscle contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle but can remain contracted for a longer time.

Function: Smooth muscle controls slow, involuntary movements such as the contraction of the smooth muscle tissue in the walls of the stomach and intestines. The muscle of the arteries contracts and relaxes to regulate the blood pressure and the flow of blood.

CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE

Cardiac muscle which is found only in the walls of the heart combines features of both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle.

Function: Cardiac muscle tissue plays the most important role in the contraction of the atria and ventricles of the heart. It causes the rhythmical beating of the heart, circulating the blood and its contents throughout the body as a consequence.

CLASSIFICATION OF MUSLE TISSUE

FUNCTION OF MUSCLE TISSUE Responsible for body movement.

Moves blood, food, waste through body’s Organs

Responsible for mechanical digestion

Thanks a lot for the wonderful cooperation.

That’s all from us.