todays topics national parks of india

National Parks of India

Rules [Allen’s, Gloger’s, Jordan’s & Bergman’s]

Bacterial Diseases

National Parks of India

Rules [Allen’s, Gloger’s, Jordan’s & Bergman’s]

Bacterial Diseases

Morphology in Flowering Plants

Questions of Morphology in Flowering Plants

Menti Quiz (Morphology in Flowering Plants)

TODAYS TOPICS

Dr. Hariom GangwarM.B.B.S (KGMU)

8+ Yrs Teaching Experience

1,00,000 Student Mentored

www.gangwarinstitute.com Contact : 8400-582-582, 8604-582-582

Largest size angiospermic

plant - Ficus bengalensis

(Banyan tree)

Ficus bengalensis is the

National Tree of India.

The primary roots and its

branches constitute the tap root

system, as seen in the mustard

plant. is called

'Oncology'/Carcinology.

Monocotyledonous plants

- Fibrous root system

In some plants, like grass, Monsteraand the banyan tree, roots arise

from parts of the plant other than

the radicle (like plumule) and are

called adventitious roots.

Arrangement of root zones starting

from root tip :

Root cap – Meristematic zone –

Cell enlargement zone –

Cell maturation zone.

Most plant have single root

cap but Pandanus

(screwpine) has multiple

root cap.

In hydrophytes root cap is absent.

In hydrophytes (like Pistia, Lemna

and Eichhornia) root pocket is

present instead of root cap.

Region of maturation :

From this region some of the epidermal

cells form very fine and delicate,

thread-like structures called root hairs.

These root hairs absorb water and

minerals from the soil.

Roots or Pillar roots -

Banyan tree

Maize, sugarcane and

Pandanus - Stilt roots

Rhizophora and Sonneratia -

pneumatophores or breathing

roots or respiratory roots

Epiphytic or hygroscopic or clinging roots or aerial roots

or hanging roots : These roots occurs in epiphytes (space

parasites).

Largest bud is that of

Cabbage (Patta Gobhi).

Clove (laung : Syzygiumaromaticum) is dried

unopened flower buds, used

as spice.

Underground stems of potato,

ginger, turmeric, zaminkand,

Colocasia are modified to

store food in them.

Potato - tuber

Ginger, turmeric,

Gloriosa, and lotus -

rhizome

Colocasia –

Gladiolus & Amorphophallus

(Zaminkand)

Stem tendrils - gourds

(cucumber, pumpkins,

watermelon), grapevines (Vitis)and Passiflora (passion flower).

Thorns –

Citrus and Bougainvillea

Opuntia and Euphorbia -

phylloclades

Cladode :

Ruscus and Asparagus

Runner :

grass (doob), Oxalis and

strawberry.

Stolon :

Mint and jasmine.

Offset :

Pistia and Eichhornia.

Sucker :

Banana, pineapple and

Chrysanthemum.

Most reduced stem is

called bulb which is found

in onion and garlic.

A stem with distinct solid

nodes and hollow

internodes is called culm.

e.g., Bamboo (Bumbusa).

Leaves originate from

shoot apical meristems

Smallest leaf is found

in Wolffia.

Largest floating leaves

are found in

Victoria.

Rose, groundnut

and Lupin –

Adnate stipules

Acacia, Mimosa and

Euphorbia stipules are

modified into spines.

Leguminous plants -

Pulvinus

Phyllode - Australian

acacia and Parkinsonia

Leaves of dicotyledonous plants (like

mango) generally possess reticulate

venation, while parallel venation is the

characteristic of most monocotyledons

(like wheat, rice and Canna).

Smilax and Dioscorea are monocot

plants having reticulate venation

while Calophyllum and Eryngium are

dicot plants having parallel venation.

Pinnately compound leaf -

Palmately compound

leaves - silk cotton

(Bombax : Multifoliate)

Paripinnate –

Tamarind or Imli.

Imparipinnate –

Neem and Rose.

Bipinnate compound leaf -

Mimosa pudica and

Acacia.

Tripinnate compound leaf

: Moringa and Oroxylon.

Decompound leaf : Carrot

& Coriander.

Alternate - China rose,

mustard and sun flower

plants.

Opposite - Calotropis and

guava.

Whorled - Alstonia and

Nerium.

Monotropa and Neottia -

Saprophytic angiosperms.

Leaf tendril climbers :

The whole leaf is modified

in tendril.

e.g., Lathyrus aphaca.

Leaflet tendril climbers :

Upper leaflets are modified

into tendril. e.g., Pisum sativum (garden pea).

Leafapex tendril climber :

Leaf apex is modified into

tendril. e.g., Gloriosa.

Stipule tendril climber

(tendrillar stipule) : Stipule

is modified into tendril.

e.g., Smilax.

Petiole tendril climbers :

Petiole is modified into

tendril. e.g., Clematis.

The arrangement of flowers

on the floral axis is termed

as inflorescence.

Floral axis (inflorescence

axis) on which flowers are

attached is called

peduncle.

In racemose type of

inflorescences the main axis

continues to grow, the flowers are

borne laterally in an acropetal

succession.

Monocotyledons -

Sheathing leaf base

Artabotrys is a hook

climber in which hooks are

the modification of

inflorescence axis.

Verticillaster : Family

labiatae or laminaceae-

Ocimum (sacred basil =

Tulsi), Salvia.

Hypanthodium : Genus Ficus of

family moraceae, e.g.,

Peepal (Ficus religiosa),Banyan (Ficus bengalensis) and

Fig (Ficus carica).

Cyathium –

Euphorbia pulcherrima

Study of flower is called

‘Anthology’.

Opening of floral bud is

called anthesis.

National flower of India

is Lotus (Nelumbo

nucifera).

Smallest flower is found

in Wolffia.

Largest flower is found in

Rafflesia.

Stalk of flower is called

pedicel.

Flower having all four floral

whorls is called complete

flower.

e.g., Fabaceae family.

Bougainvellea - petaloid

bracts.

Actinomorphic - mustard,

Datura and chilli.

Zygomorphic - pea,

gulmohur, bean, Cassia &

Candytuft.

Asymmetric - Canna

Dicotyledons -

tetramerous or

pentamerous flowers.

Trimerous condition -

Monocots and Liliaceae.

Hypogynous flower -

ovary superior - mustard,

china rose and brinjal

Perigynous - ovary half

inferior - plum, rose,

Epigynous - ovary inferior -

guava, cucumber, and the

ray florets of sunflower.

Gamosepalous (sepals

united)

Polysepalous (sepals free)

presistent calyx is found

in family solanaceae (Brinjal,

tomato) in which sepals

attached to the fruit.

Gamopetalous (petals

united)

Polypetalous (petals

free).

Cruciform corolla is found in

Cruciferae (mustard and radish).

It has four petals arranged

crosswise & each petal is clawed.

Calotropis - valvate.

China rose, lady’s finger

and cotton - twisted.

Cassia & gulmohur -

imbricate.

Pea, bean and Crotolariaflowers - Vexillary or

papilionaceous (or

descending imbricate).

Epipetalous - brinjal

Epiphyllous –

flowers of lily

Monoadelphous -

China rose (Hibiscus)

Diadelphous - pea

Polyadelphous - citrus.

Syngenesious condition -

Compositae or

Asteraceae (sunflower).

Synandrous condition -

Cucurbitaceae (Gourds,

Cucumber).

Didynamous condition -

Labiate family

(Ocimum).

Tetradynamous condition

: Cruciferae (Mustard /

Brassica campestris).

Lotus, rose and

Michelia - Apocarpous.

Syncarpous - mustard,

tomato and Papaver.

Marginal placentation -

Axile- china rose, tomato

and lemon.

Parietal placentation -

mustard and Argemone.

Dianthus and Primrose -

free central.

Basal placentation -

sunflower, marigold.

Antigonon is floral bud

tendril.

todays topics national parks of india

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